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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Coastal Protection Strategies to Minimize Transportation Network Disruption from Sea Level Rise</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2493021</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As sea levels rise, there has been an increase in research focused on the protection of shoreline infrastructure and transportation systems that may increasingly suffer from permanent capacity and accessibility reduction. This paper focuses on Abu Dhabi, UAE, a city vulnerable to inundation due to its insular geography, aiming to identify protection strategies that will minimize transportation network delays. The model considers hydrodynamic interactions and traffic assignment. The results show some shoreline portions are critical, and their protection leads to less congestion, while there are combinations of shoreline protection that worsen the congestion levels. The results also show that in some cases, the marginal effects of protecting one precinct may yield a better reduction of congestion than multiple other precincts. This research can provide a general framework for the protection of transportation infrastructure against sea level rise.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2025 17:08:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2493021</guid>
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      <title>Proposal for Graduated Driver Licensing Program: Age vs. Experience, Abu Dhabi Case Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972623</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper aims to present a new approach to the GDL system to be applied in Abu Dhabi. On contrary to existing GDL systems, the proposed system will feature driving experience as the main factor to new drivers in the emirate; which will determine their eligibility to attain a full driving license. The paper will present descriptive statistical analysis which helped in concluding that drivers experience has a higher significant relation to the probability of being involved in accidents, when compared]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Apr 2023 09:51:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972623</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Posted Road Speed Limits in Abu Dhabi: Are They Too High? Should They Have Been Raised? Evidence Based Answers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1987406</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Road posted speed limits (PSL) in Abu Dhabi (AD) were raised in mid-2018. Before raising PSL by 20 kph, AD drivers were legally allowed to drive 20 kph above PSL. Thus, there was a speed buffer within which drivers would not be fined for speeding. While it has been stated (through public media) that the elimination of this speed buffer would increase safety, this paper challenges this view. This paper describes how the argument for increased safety through increased PSL quickly breaks down. The paper bases its arguments mainly on basic physics, as well as local research data and findings. More specifically, this paper not only shows how existing road design may not safely accommodate raised PSLs (or even previously lower PSLs), but also how fatal road injuries are more likely to occur on AD roads with higher design speeds. The paper also describes how increased PSL may increase the potential for liability and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper concludes that while speed buffers should have been removed, PSL should not have been increased since higher PSL may negatively affect road safety while decreasing travel times only marginally. That is, there is not much to gain from raising PSLs, but there is potentially a lot to lose. Thus, the author urges policy makers to make decisions based on science and solid evidence. This is relevant as decisions such as increasing PSL on public roads may have a significant negative impact on public health through increased injury/mortality rates and pollution levels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:28:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1987406</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Identification of risk factors associated with fatal intersection crashes and assessment of the in-service safety performance of signalized intersections and roundabouts in Abu Dhabi</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1909577</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Several research studies conducted in North America and Europe have consistently shown that converting signalized intersections into roundabouts leads to safety benefits. These studies have led North American and European transportation agencies to convert hundreds of signalized intersections into roundabouts over the last few decades. Meanwhile, the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, the largest emirate in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has replaced many of its long-standing roundabouts with signalized intersections (i.e., controlled by traffic lights) despite the fact that no UAE-based scientific study comparing the safety performance of these two intersection types can be found in the literature. Hence, the objectives of this paper are to (i) identify factors that significantly contribute to fatal intersection-related crashes and (ii) assess the in-service safety performance of signalized intersections and roundabouts. It is anticipated that the findings from this research will provide road designers and decision-makers with much needed scientific guidance on which factors contribute to fatal intersection crashes as well as on whether converting existing roundabouts into signalized intersections improves public safety or not in Abu Dhabi. The findings from this research should also benefit neighboring Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries considering their similarities in road design, traffic characteristics, and driving culture.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Feb 2022 14:17:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1909577</guid>
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      <title>Straddling boundaries in superblock cities. Assessing local and global network connectivity using cases from Abu Dhabi, UAE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1665438</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, superblocks are evaluated as local street systems with global implications, focusing on connections between superblocks and their ability to form extended areas of access. Superblocks’ corners are examined as destinations for calculating route efficiency and distribution. Additionally, the extent of the accessible areas from the corners are quantified using pedestrian catchment areas. Results show strong similarities in terms of route efficiency among the studied designs and wide variations in terms of distribution and extent of the catchment areas. This paper foregrounds the need to address local and global scales when studying the street systems of cities planning for superblocks. It provides, as well, a foundation on which to better frame longstanding questions regarding the use of superblocks for neighborhood planning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Nov 2019 09:44:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1665438</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Road Safety Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1639266</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The International Road Federation (IRF) promotes the development of sustainable roads around the world. In this document eight articles discussing road safety are presented. Article topics include: Indonesia's integrated road safety management system; Signal phase sequences and intersection safety in Abu Dhabi; Traffic fatality trends for Arab countries compared to European Union countries; Driver responses to end-of-green flash intervals; the WhiteRoads EU project; Rural road crash severity factors in Saudi Arabia; Constructing a traffic accident countermeasures database in Japan; and Attitudes and behaviors at pedestrian crossings in Abu Dhabi.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 18 Aug 2019 21:55:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1639266</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Sustainable Transport Practices</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1639263</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The International Road Federation (IRF) promotes the development of sustainable roads around the world. In this document six articles discussing sustainable practices are presented. Article topics include: Abu Dhabi road sustainability initiatives; Road infrastructure energy harvesting; Recycling demolition material as a base layer in pavement; The carbon dioxide emissions impact of two wheel transport in Asia; A model for estimating emissions resulting from highway construction projects; and Methodology for visual impact assessment as part of an environmental impact assessment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 18 Aug 2019 21:55:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1639263</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Quantifying Uncertainty and Distributed Control for Unanticipated Traffic Patterns as a Result of Natural and Man-Made Disruptions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1571380</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As new sources of traffic and related data are becoming more widely available and at a granularity that was inconceivable only a decade ago, the ability to measure traffic conditions and detect incidents has dramatically improved. Responding to such conditions in real-time via control strategies that are tailored to the nature of the incident is a natural next step in the process. But performing optimal control calculations in real-time and in a way that captures (i) uncertainties in the evolution of traffic conditions and (ii) queue build-up and dissipation dynamics in a network setting cannot be achieved with present state-of-the-art algorithms. This report presents real-time distributed network control techniques capable of utilizing various types of real-time traffic data, from both fixed and mobile sources. The work is divided into two major parts: traffic state estimation when data is limited and adaptive control. Two methodologies for traffic state estimation are presented in Section 3: (i) A conditional random fields (CRF) approach that combines mesoscopic traffic modeling with the statistical power of probabilistic graphical models to learn the traffic patterns from historical data, including both look-ahead dynamics along with vehicle interaction dynamics, and (ii) a stochastic Lagrangian model utilizing the Newell-Franklin equilibrium relation along with a second-order Gaussian approximation are developed. A new Backpressure (BP) algorithm tailored to traffic dynamics (namely, capturing queue buildup and dissipation) is developed in Section 4. The backpressure control technique developed in this report is based on macroscopic traffic flow and is referred to as position-weighted backpressure (PWBP). In Section 5.1, the authors use real world data to test the effects of traffic state estimation and network control. The NGSIM trajectory data along I-80 in the San Francisco Bay area in Emeryville, CA is used. Additionally, a microscopic traffic simulation model of an eleven-intersection network in Abu Dhabi is used to test the proposed PWBP control policy in Section 5.2. Results indicate that PWBP can accommodate higher demand levels than the other three control policies and outperforms them in terms of total network delay, congestion propagation speed, recoverability from heavy congestion, and response to an incident.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Dec 2018 10:26:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1571380</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evolution of the Abu Dhabi Department of Transport Administration, 2006 to the Present and Future</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1510133</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the fast developing economies of the Middle East, the United Arab Emirates and its capital, Abu Dhabi, stand out in terms of the rapid pace of societal development. Abu Dhabi’s governance arrangements have had to continuously evolve to balance facilitating, controlling and leading, the provision of, the operation of and user behaviour on transportation networks. In 2006 in an acknowledgement of the increasing complexity of transportation governance in the Emirate, the Abu Dhabi Department of Transport (DOT) was formed. This paper seeks to highlight the key organisational challenges, opportunities and achievements of the organisation. This encompasses both its relationships with organisations and the growing maturity with which governance arrangements are being developed in partnership  with its target audience. One remarkable part of this of this journey which provides significant focus for this paper is that of the developing maturity of the policy responsibilities of the Department. From its inception, principally as delivery agent for road infrastructure plans, a task it has accomplished with notable success, to the still emerging role of key government agency for regulation standards and guidance for surface transportation. The journey continues to have significant impacts on the Department which is currently undergoing a comprehensive refocusing on its core role, that of setting transportation governance standards and planning through to preliminary design the strategic road networks and their interaction with other transportation modes and the built environment. The paper will offer both a reflection of the past, an analysis of the present and a look forward into the developing options for the future.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 May 2018 12:06:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1510133</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Learning from the past: traffic safety in the eyes of affected local community in Abu Dhabi City, United Arab Emirates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1507899</link>
      <description><![CDATA[United Arab Emirates (UAE) witnessed over the past few decades unprecedented economic growth associating the oil and gas prosperous industry. This fact along with the fast construction process of new road systems and infrastructure services generated heavy traffic volumes resulting in numerous traffic accidents. This work, through using a special safety survey/interview, targets only people from Abu Dhabi’s local community that had a prior accident experience either as a passenger or as a driver. The aim is to understand the traffic accident story from an eyewitness to draw a better and complete picture for the safety problem in UAE. The survey covers four different accident’s categories including personal details, injuries details, vehicles details, and accidents details. Detailed analysis is performed for all of the collected data resulting in a number of solid conclusions. Age group between 18–30 dominates most accidents that can be related to the lack of experience factor. Over speeding or exceeding the speed limit appears to be a major factor of traffic accidents in Abu Dhabi. Human factors such as not using the seat belt play a major role in accidents occurrence. The article presents more conclusions that can be used for further traffic safety studies in UAE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Apr 2018 09:22:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1507899</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Implementing congestion pricing policies in a MENA Region City: Analysis of the impact on travel behaviour and equity</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1500850</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this study is to examine the impact of implementing HOT lanes and/or cordon pricing as two types of congestion pricing policies on traveller's willingness to pay and travel behaviour in the city of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the MENA Region. In addition, the paper investigates the potential equity implication of implementing a cordon pricing policy. Trip conditions, travellers' socioeconomic characteristics, and mode shift are used as benchmarks to evaluate the impacts of implementing these policies. Different numerical indicators are selected to evaluate each strategy, such as willingness to pay, trip urgency, trip speed and distance, travellers' income, age, gender, nationality, and vehicle ownership. Data are collected through stated preference and revealed preference survey questionnaires. The results show that travellers from different socioeconomic groups are willing to pay to use HOT lanes to escape congestion and that willingness to pay increases as the trip conditions worsen. However, the overall effect of cordon pricing would be regressive. High-income travellers benefit the most, and they are willing to pay the charges to save travel time. Low-income travellers have to pay the toll or use public transportation more often.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Mar 2018 12:03:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1500850</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Empirical Analysis of The Implementation of Cordon Pricing: Potential Impacts on Travel Behaviour and Policy Implications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1500928</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main goal of this study is to investigate the feasibility of implementing cordon pricing as a mitigation policy to curb traffic congestion in Abu Dhabi Island. Two research objectives are identified to address the research goal. First, this study examines the impact of cordon pricing on commuters’ travel behavior based on their socio-economic characteristics. Second, this study investigates commuters’ willingness to pay to escape congestion on the roads of the city of Abu Dhabi. A stated preference survey was used to gather data, and the analysis was based on 6054 responses. Multinomial logit modelling, chi-square test, and one-way ANOVA were used to assess the impact of cordon pricing on commuters. The results of this study show that the respondents have a slight intention to reduce their auto use by driving less or changing to other modes of transportation. Toll charges are found to be an important factor that would trigger some income groups to change their travel behavior because of the additional burden and cost to their daily trips.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Feb 2018 09:32:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1500928</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Light-duty electric vehicles in the gulf? Techno-economic assessment and policy implications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1492929</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors investigate the economic and technological potential for adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in Abu Dhabi through a parametric assessment, a public attitude survey, and a diffusion model. Abu Dhabi, similar to fossil-fuel-rich countries in its region, features a car-dependent society and energy subsidies while being situated in hot, desert environment challenging to EVs. The authors compare conventional vehicles and EVs in the region accounting for the higher use of air-conditioning (AC) in the actual climatic and driving pattern conditions of Abu Dhabi developing an EV AC consumption penalty model. Average annual AC penalty in fuel consumption over normal testing conditions is 16% for conventional vehicles and 25% for EVs based on hourly weather and vehicle utilization patterns. For 250 days per year, the expected EV range is higher than 75% of the nominal value. During the five hottest days of the recorded year, it can drop to 60% but still covering the average daily driving of the majority of users with a single charge with a 25kWh battery. With partial subsidies offered for both fuel and electricity, EV adoption impacts the state in terms of opportunity costs for these fuels in addition to environmental externalities. The authors calculate the state and user benefits in a parametric analysis dependent on driving distance and battery costs. If the battery cost is $325/kWh, direct and internalized benefits and costs are balanced when the EV is driven 60 km/day. A diffusion scenario of 5% by 2030 results in cumulative net savings of 6.4 million barrels of oil, a reduction of 517.000 tonnes of CO₂, and a cumulative net benefit of $127 million.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jan 2018 10:48:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1492929</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Intelligent Location-Based Service System (ILBSS) using mobile and spatial technology: A proposal for Abu Dhabi petrol stations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1471917</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many services in Abu Dhabi such as petrol stations are witnessing increasing demand and high congestion levels which adversely affect both service quality and efficiency. To help combat such a situation, this article develops a mobile-based spatial system to solve petrol station problems and to reduce the delays in service. The nearest petrol station is selected based on a match with its current congestion status (empty, full, or partially full) that will be extracted from a real-time satellite imagery analysis and Global Positioning System (GPS) earth coordinates. Secondly, the developed system automates the payment process at petrol stations using mobile devices via three payment options: website payment by credit card, use of a mobile payment registered account, or payment from a mobile credit. A reservation algorithm is also provided by which the customer can reserve a service number at a certain designated petrol pump with an authentication code that will be scanned and verified upon arrival.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2017 17:14:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1471917</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigating Factors Affecting the Occurrence and Severity of Rear-End Crashes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1470663</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rear-end crashes are considered as the most frequently occurring types of traffic crashes in many countries. In the Emirate of Abu Dhabi (AD), based on the data of year 2014, the rear-end crashes represented about 20% of total severe crashes and resulted 25% of total crash fatalities. This paper aims to investigate the contributing factors that affect the occurrence and severity of the rear-end crashes in AD. Intensive analyses are conducted regarding; 1) the characteristics of at-fault drivers being involved in rear-end crashes, 2) the main causes of rear-end crashes and 3) the contributing factors affecting the severity of rear-end crashes.  Descriptive statistical analysis and binary logit model approaches are applied to achieve the study objectives. About 17 explanatory variables were tested. The results showed that seven variables are significantly affecting the severity of rear-end crashes. Four variables belong to drivers’ characteristic and behaviour including tailgating, driving too fast, years of experience and the issue location of the driving licenses. Two variables related to road characteristics; road type and number of lanes and one variable related to vehicle type.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Jul 2017 14:15:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1470663</guid>
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