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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>FINITE ELEMENT FOR ANCHORED BARS UNDER CYCLIC LOAD REVERSALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/482925</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete elements depends largely on the interaction between reinforcing steel and concrete through bond.  The authors present a new finite element for reinforcing bars anchored in concrete, which is novel in that the element uses force rather than displacement interpolation functions.  The force interpolation functions satisfy equilibrium in a strict sense and ensure the numerical stability of the results, even in the presence of significant strength loss and softening, which might be typical for reinforcing bars with insufficient anchorage length.  Another novel aspect of the element expression is its implementation in a general purpose finite element analysis program that is based on the stiffness method of analysis.  Correlation studies with experimental data demonstrate the capability of the proposed model to simulate the bond deterioration and subsequent pull-out of anchored reinforcing bars under severe inelastic excursions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 25 May 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/482925</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MARINE ANCHORS. 1964-JULY, 1980 (CITATIONS FROM THE NTIS DATA BASE)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162006</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Marine anchors, their design, emplacement methods, and holding power are reviewed in these abstracts of Government-sponsored research reports.  The hydrodynamics of anchor mooring systems is also investigated. (This updated bibliography contains 194 citations, 12 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162006</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MARINE ANCHORS, 1970-JULY, 1980 (CITATIONS FROM THE ENGINEERING INDEX DATA BASE)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162007</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Marine anchors, their design, emplacement methods, and holding power are investigated in these abstracts of reports reviewed in a worldwide literature survey. The hydrodynamics of anchor mooring systems in also researched.  (This updated bibliography contains 133 citations, 28 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162007</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANCHOR LINE FORCES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/151866</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main part of this paper deals with the static analysis of anchoring systems.  The catenary equations are derived and examples of applications on single- and multi-leg systems are given.  The problems of dynamic system analysis are briefly discussed together with basic properties of anchors and anchor lines.  Order from BSRA as No. 53,524.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/151866</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANALYSIS OF FULL SCALE WINDFORCES ON A SEMI SUBMERSIBLE PLATFORM USING OPERATORS DATA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/146912</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Presentation of the analysis of measured anchor chain forces and wind velocity on a semi submersible drilling platform, operating in the North Sea.  From October 1973 thru January 1975 the observed anchor line forces are combined to one resultant horizontal component for all cases where the wind velocity was reported to exceed 40 knots.  The magnitude and direction of this force are compared to the observed wind velocity and direction, thus giving an empirical relation between force and velocity.  In total some 300 cases are analyzed.  The theoretically calculated windforce according to a method given by Det Norske Veritas is then compared with the observed relation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/146912</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A BASIC STUDY ON THE STABILITY OF ANCHORS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/86717</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present paper deals with fundamental investigations on the maximum holding power and the stability of stockless anchors dragged in non-cohesive media.  The characteristics of forces acting on each structural element of anchor, such as flukes, stabilizing fins and shanks were studied experimentally.  In order to analyze behaviors of an anchor in the seabed, the results obtained are given in empirical formulas.  The maximum holding power of a marine anchor depends upon its configuration in the seabed.  Considering force resultants and moments acting on all the structural elements, the equilibrium equations for an anchor are formulated, and the configuration of a dragged anchor and its maximum holding power can be determined by solving these equations.  If its equilibrium configuration cannot be determined under the surface of the seabed, the dragged anchor will be embeded deeply in the bed or turn over as soon as flukes come out of the bed.  This instability will be called lifting-up.  Instability phenomena caused by turning around the shank are analyzed by considering resulting moments acting on the anchor in a disturbed condition form the equilibrium configuration.  As the results, stability conditions for lifting-up and turning are proposed for the anchor dragged in non-cohesive media. Although experiments were performed with dry- or flooded-loose sand in this paper, it must be emphasized that characteristics of an anchor depend slightly upon the seabed where it works.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Jun 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/86717</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE DYNAMIC HOLDING CAPABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCHORS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/87810</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When an anchor is pulled shipward to try to obtain its good bottom hold, or when a ship is lying at anchor in a strong wind, the forces acting on the anchor are dynamical ones caused by ship motions.  We used model experiments to investigate the seabed behavior of anchors under such circumstances.  The results showed that 1) when an anchor is pulled shipward its bottom penetration depth and stabilizing tendency attained are relative to its retrieval speed, and therefore, if we can measure the incident anchor cable strain we should be able to determine whether or not the anchor has a good bite; and 2) when an anchor is subject to the dynamical forces generated by its being brought in, it drags quickly, but does not rotate or come out of the bottom, and retains its original bottom hold when the dynamic forces cease, and its dragging distance is less than several times its length.  In our study we found that anchor holding resistance could not simply be analyzed and that further experimental and theoretical study is necessary.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Apr 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/87810</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANCHOR DESIGNED TO PREVENT DRAGGING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/80767</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new type of anchor, developed by QMC Anchor Technology Ltd, incorporates the properties of both drag and deadweight anchors, and has the added advantage that the direction of pull is not restricted.  Its essential feature is that it is installed vertically and is fitted with a side thrust plate, at or below the seabed, which converts a pulling force from any direction into a vertical component along the shaft axis.  The tendency of a conventional anchor to drag and rotate under variations of load due to changes in tide or current is thus overcome.  Two variants of the new type are described.  Order from BSRA as No. 49,370.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/80767</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HANDBOOK FOR UPLIFT-RESISTING ANCHORES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/43038</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this handbook is to (1) identify and document the status of special types of anchors having the capability to resist uplift forces; (2) provide data on the properties and performance of these special anchors; (3) consolidate the data in order to facilitate anchor selection; and (4) establish a reference that can be readily updated to incorporate new data and new developments.  Descriptions and data on anchors that are currently either shelf items or in an advanced stage of development are presented.  Also, information on other less advanced designs and concepts is given. Sizes, weights, and operational characteristics of these special anchors, plus methods for estimating their penetration into seafloor sediments and their pull-out resistance, are provided.  This handbook includes material and information that was possible to obtain within a specified time frame.  The development of embedment anchors continues, and additional information will be incorporated as it becomes available.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Aug 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/43038</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THREE-POINT ANCHORING IN THE DEEP OCEAN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/30127</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The unique capabilities of the Research Platform FLIP for underwater measurements has been greatly enhanced by the addition of a deep-ocean mooring technique.  The method developed by this laboratory permits long-term 3-point moorings of FLIP to be made in 3000 fathoms using nylon/polypropylene line and anchors which are sacrificed in recovery.  Research Platform, 'Ocean Research Buoy', has has also moored in 1500 fathoms using a modified multiple- moor method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/30127</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VERTICAL HOLDING CAPACITY OF MARINE ANCHOR FLUKES SUBJECTED TO STATIC AND CYCLIC LOADING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/35703</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Laboratory tests were performed using the Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory shape fluke embedded in saturated sand, silty sand and clay soils.  The major conclusions are that there is a characteristic relative embedment depth for each soil condition below which static holding capacity factors are approximately constant, that suction is a significant holding component in clay and, that cyclic loading always causes increasing upward displacements. Design figures for embedded marine anchor flukes are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/35703</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANCHOR-LAST DEPLOYMENT PROBLEM FOR INEXTENSIBLE MOORING LINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/35472</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A lumped mass numerical model was developed which predicts the dynamic response of an inextensible mooring line during anchor-last deployment.  The mooring line was modeled as a series of concentrated masses connected by massless inextensible links.  A set of angles was used for displacement coordinates, and Lagrange's Method was used to derive the equations of motion.  For the selected cases studied the results show that the maximum tension in the cable during deployment will not exceed twice the weight of the cable and anchor in water.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Jul 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/35472</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN ELECTROCHEMICAL RELEASE DEVICE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/20734</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A reliable, low-cost deep ocean release device has been developed by the Deep Tow group of the Marine Physical Laboratory. Used as a remotely initiated anchor release for acoustic transponders, it has functioned reliably during ninety-two recalls at sea depths ranging from 500 to 5,000 meters. Battery activated anodic dissolution electrolysis severs a wire link in the device and releases a lever arrangement that secured the transponder to the anchor. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Dec 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/20734</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SINGLE ANCHOR LEG MOORING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/13440</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The SALM differs considerably from conventional single point moorings.  The mooring buoy is anchored to a base on the sea floor through a single anchor leg consisting of a pipe pivoted on a universal joint and a short anchor chain with chain swivel.  Cargo passes from the base through the pipe to a submerged swivel housing at the top of the pipe. Loading hose connected to the housing rises to the surface some distance from the buoy and floats to the side of the moored tanker.  Studies have shown the SALM offers considerable investment savings compared to conventional single point moorings in water depths greater than 100 ft. Safety and reliability are other principal advantages.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Nov 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/13440</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPECIALIZED ANCHORS FOR THE DEEP SEA--PROGRESS SUMMARY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/9916</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Five anchor design concepts to develop an improved deep sea mooring capability have been examined and the performance observed during this study are summarized.  The five anchor concepts are:  1) free-fall, 2) pulse-jet, 3) explosive, 4) padlock, and 5) vibratory.  Although each has its own conceptual advantages and associated problems, the results of the preliminary program indicate that the vibratory anchor concept is feasible and most promising as demonstrated by a first generation design prototype. Necessary improvements are to be incorporated into a second generation design and a prototype is to be tested in a range of seafloor sediment types and water depths to rate its capabilities and establish its reliability.  As a result of this initial concept evaluation, second phase efforts will be directed primarily toward developing the vibratory anchor.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/9916</guid>
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