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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>CFD-FEM simulation of hydroelastic responses and slamming loads of a bow-flare ship advancing in head regular waves</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2616835</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the global motions and wave loads on a large bow-flare ship with the effect of hydro-elasticity, including whipping and springing, are numerically simulated by a CFD-FEM two-way coupled method. The simulation results of ship motions and wave loads by employing the numerical method are demonstrated by verification and validation studies including comparison with tank model experiment results. Additionally, the presented method is applied to study the motions, wave loads and slamming loads of the ship in different wave conditions. The vertical bending moment and vertical shearing force of different frequency components and their distribution along ship length are studied. The characteristics of slamming pressure and green water loads and their spatial distribution are studied. The simulation results indicate that the present numerical method well reproduces ship seakeeping and hydro-elasticity and has potential application values in the design and evaluation of ship wave loads.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Feb 2026 10:53:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2616835</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Simulation of the Unintentional Unberthing of Vessels (Ship Drift) in a Physical Hydraulic Model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598376</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ship drift refers to the unintentional movement of a vessel caused by external forces—such as wind, currents, and waves—acting on the hull without deliberate control by the crew. During navigation, drift may result from failures in the propulsion system or rudder, which impair or prevent maneuverability, leading to course deviations and increasing the risk of grounding or collisions. When the vessel is moored, drift may occur due to extreme environmental conditions or human error that result in the breaking of mooring lines. In such cases, the problem known as unintentional unberthing occurs, often representing an even more critical situation, as the vessel is located near fixed structures such as quays, piers, or other vessels, thereby increasing the probability of accidents and damage to the environment and port infrastructure. This paper presents a study of an estuarine port area, carried out in a Froude-number based reduced-scale physical modeling, to assess the risks associated with the unintentional unberthing of a VLOC-class vessel (400,000 DWT). The study involved the analysis of the drifting trajectory of the vessel under various environmental conditions, positioning of the vessel at the berths, and occupancy of adjacent berths. A digital camera tracking system was employed to monitor the vessel's position at each moment in time, allowing for the assessment of collision risks with port structures or other ships, as well as the potential for grounding in shallow areas. The results of the physical model simulations identified the scenarios with the highest potential for damage, underscoring the importance of strict maintenance of mooring systems and serving as a basis for the development of an emergency action plan to mitigate accident risks in the port area.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2025 17:05:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598376</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Resolver-to-Digital Conversion Based on Enhanced Single Degree-of-Freedom ADRC for Acceleration Position Error Suppression in PMSM Drives</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559181</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The software-based resolver-to-digital conversion (RDC) systems, applied for acquiring accurate rotor position, are widely used in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system. However, when the PMSM speed changes, there is an acceleration rotor position error. This position error inevitably weakens the PMSM control performance in applications. To deal with this problem, this article proposes an enhanced single degree-of-freedom active disturbance rejection controller (SDOF-ADRC) for the RDC system to suppress the acceleration position error caused by PMSM speed change. In the proposed scheme, another error-based extended state observer (ESO) is added to the SDOF-ADRC, which is connected in series with the original error-based ESO to form a cascaded second-order observer. The original observer is applied to suppress the total disturbance in the system, while the added observer is a supplement to the original observer. It can suppress the remaining disturbances in the RDC system that cannot be suppressed by the original observer. Finally, the experimental results show that, compared with the proportional-integral (PI) controller and the traditional SDOF-ADRC, the proposed enhanced SDOF-ADRC can effectively suppress the acceleration position error caused by PMSM speed change.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2025 14:42:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559181</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on blending and diffusion phenomena of virgin and aged asphalt during the laboratory-simulated construction stage</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2525491</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research aims to quantify the degree of blending (DoB) between virgin and aged asphalt binders in recycled asphalt mixture during construction stage by using the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) technology. In this research, virgin SBS-modified binder was employed as a tracer. Wood cube aggregate was used as RAP aggregate to be distinguished from the asphalt mixtures. Various heating temperature and storage time conditions were set up for laboratory-produced recycled asphalt mixtures to simulate different construction stages, including storage, transportation, laying, and compaction processes. The CLSM was utilized to detect fluorescence concentration diffusion of virgin SBS-modified binder on the simulated RAP aggregate samples at each construction stage. A method for quantifying the DoB of virgin and aged asphalt binders was proposed. Results demonstrated that the simulated construction stages have significant impacts on blending efficiency of virgin and aged asphalt binders. After mixing process, the DoB of tested binders was found to be 43.4%. The DoB values increased 19.7% to 31.6% during storage stage range, and 7.2% to 9.2% during transport stage. The DoB values only increased 2% to 4% during laying and compaction stage. The overall increase of the DoB can be as high as 30%, indicating that settings of construction stages are crucial for the blending of virgin and aged asphalt binders in recycled asphalt mixtures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Apr 2025 14:48:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2525491</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of a numerical wave tank of deep ocean engineering basin via high order spectral method</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2512582</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, the authors developed a numerical model for simulating wave environments of the deep ocean engineering basin (DOEB) by utilising the high order spectral (HOS) method. The approach employed the pseudospectral basis of the cosine function to automatically account for the tank wall boundary conditions. Additionally, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm was implemented to maximise the numerical efficiency. For selecting an appropriate wave generation technique for the DOEB, which distinguishes itself as a large-scale facility with controllable depth, in contrast to conventional wave basins, two-dimensional wave generation simulations were executed. These simulations entailed the application and subsequent evaluation of the embedded wave generation technique and the additional potential technique. Of these, the embedded wave generation technique, characterised by its suitability for numerical efficiency and adaptability to variable water depths, was chosen for implementation in the DOEB numerical tanks. The Stroke–source converting procedure was established to transform the stroke time history of the wave maker into the input wave source time history for the embedded wave generation technique, with due consideration to phase correction. In order to validate the developed numerical model, a wave generation experiment was conducted, and its results were compared with the numerical simulations. This comparative analysis revealed a high degree of correspondence between the nonlinear simulations and the experimental wave time history, demonstrating the model’s ability to accurately replicate higher-order wave components, including wave–wave interactions. The resulting numerical model serves as a valuable computer-aided tool, enhancing the efficiency of experiments within the DOEB.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2025 09:32:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2512582</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Large-scale model test on the construction process of a stiff skeleton arch bridge with the span of 600 m</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2434614</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Tian'e Longtan Bridge, with a span of 600 m, is the world's longest arch bridge, surpassing similar structures by 34.8 %. To ensure the construction safety of Tian'e Longtan Bridge, a large-scale model test was conducted using the stress equivalence principle, with a scale ratio of 1:10. The experiment simulates the entire construction process of gradually wrapping concrete by layers and segments on a stiff skeleton, with data collected from 401 stress points and 28 displacement points, revealing the evolution of structural deformation and stress during arching process. The results show that during the pouring of encasing concrete, the maximum compressive stress in the steel tubes is 235.5 MPa, located at the upper chord of the midspan, while that of the encasing concrete is 10.6 MPa and located at the bottom plate of the 3/8 span. The maximum stress ratios that cannot be transmitted between the concrete on both sides of the interface between layers and segments are 6.8 % and 5.8 %, respectively, which demonstrates the reliable stress transmission at the interfaces. The elastic deflection at midspan is 53.2 mm when the bottom slab is closed, while only an additional deflection of 3.3 mm occurs during subsequent construction of the web slab and top slab, which indicates that most deflection occurs before the closure of the bottom plate. The deflection at the arch crown caused by shrinkage and creep is 42.3 mm. In contrast, the calculation result based on the uniaxial shrinkage and creep theory is 54.7 mm, 29.3 % larger than the test result.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Oct 2024 09:07:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2434614</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The aerodynamic performances of the wing-shaped poop sail</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431564</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research proposes a wing-shaped poop which cleverly combines the poop and the wing sail. The wing-shaped poop with the length of 60 m and the height of 16.5 m is designed. The influence of the camber ratios (0.15–0.30) and the thickness ratios (0.10–0.20) on the performance of wing-shaped poop is analyzed. The lift coefficient of the poop increases first and then decreases with the increase of camber ratio and decreases with the increase of thickness ratio. The maximum lift coefficient (2.27) is obtained when the camber ratio is 0.25 and the thickness ratio is 0.1. Considering the influence of the rudder, when the apparent wind angle is 130°, the effective thrust of the poop reaches the maximum of 82 kN. Besides, when the wind comes from the bow, the shape of the poop is changed to reduce wind resistance caused by the wing-shaped poop.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Sep 2024 08:50:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431564</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cascade–Parallel Structure Application of Converters for AC–DC–AC Traction Substation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975808</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The topology of a converter-based traction substation is proposed in this paper to solve the power quality problems in traditional power supply systems (TPSSs). Its series–parallel structure is suitable for traction applications. The topology of power circuit is presented, and its working principle is analyzed in depth. For the cascade–parallel structure, constraints for its stable operation are given. The DC voltage sharing performance of the active front end (AFE)-based cascade inverters is analyzed. In the control of the rectifier, the DC feedforward control is adopted to improve the dynamic performance. The mathematical model is established for the parallel structure at the output, and the active and reactive power decoupling control strategy based on shared synchronous bus is proposed. Moreover, the calculation method of the active power and the reactive power is introduced. The basic functions of the system and the performance of cascade–parallel structure at the output side are validated based on MATLAB/Simulink.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 15:26:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975808</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Receiver Design for OFDM Schemes With Low-Resolution ADCs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2384846</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is widely known that the power consumption of Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) is strongly related with the number of bits of resolution. Using smaller resolutions can greatly reduce the power consumption of the RX frontend. However, the use of low-resolution ADCs introduces significant nonlinear distortion, especially when Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals are employed, which might severely degrade performance. In this work, the authors consider nonlinear effects at the receiver side, associated with quantization and saturation of low-resolution ADCs, and they propose a Generalized Approximate Message Passing (GAMP) receiver that is specially designed to cope with nonlinear effects at the OFDM receiver. The authors show that their receiver can significantly mitigate the distortion that arises from low-resolution ADCs, allowing larger M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) constellations to be employed. The proposed receiver is shown to be robust to strong channel fading effects, as well as errors during the channel estimation process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jul 2024 10:57:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2384846</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Low Emission Coastal Cruise Vessel â€“ MV Havila Capella</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2210206</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since January 2021, Havila Kystruten has been one of two companies sailing the coastal route between Bergen and Kirkenes. This paper contains information on the new shipping company Havila Kystruten and their 2019 bid for a 10-year operational license to sail the coastal route. The government's tender documents for the new license specified that the vessels operating the route had to be low-emission vessels. This requirement was in line with the government's white paper on the reduction of emissions for commercial and fishing vessels sailing in Norwegian waters. Thus, companies bidding for the new license had to offer new ships with low emission characteristics or rebuild existing vessels to obtain the low emission requirements. Based on the offers, the government decided to split the operational license between two companies. One part was given to the company previously operating the route (Hurtigruten) and the other to the new company Havila Kystruten. While Hurtigruten would rebuild the engine systems on some of their existing vessels, Havila Kystruten would operate the route using new vessels with low emission signature. The design requirements for these vessels were given by Havila Kystruten to the ship designer, Havyard Design and Solutions (now HAVDesign). Some of the requirements are listed in section 4 below. The latter part of this paper investigates the manoeuvring performance of the new Havila Kystruten vessels, containing a summary of a Research Council of Norway funded innovation project on harsh weather ship handling during port operations. The Port of Trondheim was selected as a case study.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Aug 2023 09:19:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2210206</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Structural Performance Evaluation of Block Pavements Using Heavy Vehicle Simulator</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1962291</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Block pavements (BPs) can be of different types depending on applications and provide certain advantages in many instances. Among BPs, permeable concrete block pavements (PCBPs) play a vital role in sustainable drainage system and help the growth of trees and vegetations in urban environment. With the expansion of the usage of BPs from parking lots to heavier trafficked areas and owing to changing climatic conditions, it is necessary to develop guidelines for their designs and constructions. With this objective, ten different types of BPs were investigated in an accelerated pavement testing facility using a heavy vehicle simulator (HVS). The surface rutting developed during the load applications were measured. The impact of moisture was also investigated by raising the ground water table during the tests. By comparing the rutting performances of the BPs to a reference BP structure, the layer thicknesses of these BPs were adjusted using a pavement design software to attain the same rutting performance as the reference structure. Based on these analyses, design tables for BPs for Swedish conditions were developed. In this paper, the results from the HVS tests and the methodology used for the development of the design tables are summarized.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Apr 2023 09:51:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1962291</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hydrodynamic optimization of a high-speed vessel by means of simulation-based design methodology</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2030619</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents a simulation-based optimization procedure of a high-speed vessel. The presented procedure is applied on benchmark form Model 5365, a 1/8.25 scale model of the transom-stern, high-speed research vessel, R/V Athena. The procedure integrates parametric model generation, viscous numeric resistance analysis, and genetic algorithm evaluation. CAESES, a unique simulation-based design platform, is used to collect the process under one roof and handle the process automatically. The fully-parametric form is constructed by means of main characteristic curves, control curves, and various parameters to achieve quick-variation of hull forms. The numeric resistance analysis are performed via viscous flow solver and the calm-water total resistance force is defined as the optimization objective. The NSGA-II algorithm is used for evaluation of analysis results and regeneration of form variants, to achieve total resistance minimization. The optimization results show that the optimized hull form has lower resistance than Model 5365 form; a form variant with 2.02% total resistance reduction was obtained.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Oct 2022 16:24:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2030619</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>JCR70: A Low-Complexity Millimeter-Wave Proof-of-Concept Platform for a Fully-Digital SIMO Joint Communication-Radar</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1862985</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A fully-digital wideband joint communication-radar (JCR) with a single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) architecture at the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band will enable high joint communication and radar performance with enhanced design flexibility. A quantized receiver with few-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) will enable a practical JCR solution with reduced power consumption for futuristic portable devices and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, the authors present a joint communication-radar proof-of-concept platform, named JCR70, to evaluate and demonstrate the performance of these JCR systems using real channel measurements in the 71–76 GHz band. They develop this platform by extending a mmWave communication set-up with an additional full-duplex radar receiver and by capturing the SIMO JCR channel using a moving antenna on a sliding rail. To characterize the JCR performance of their developed testbed, the authors conduct several indoor and outdoor experiments and apply traditional as well as advanced processing algorithms on the measured data. The experimental results show that the quantized receiver with 2–4 b ADCs generally performs quite close to the high-resolution ADC for a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 5 dB. Additionally, the authors compare the performance of their JCR70 platform with the INRAS Radarbook, which is a state-of-the-art automotive radar evaluation platform at 77 GHz.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Sep 2021 09:45:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1862985</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Spectral Noise of Sensors for Diagnostic Stica of a Railway Mobile Composition</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1838864</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Wide dynamic and frequency ranges, a low noise level allow the use of piezoelectric accelerometers as universal sensors for monitoring and diagnosing the vibrational state of nodes of a promising railway motor carriage. The electronic noise of the measuring channel of the vibration parameters depends not only on the noise of the directly sensitive element, the piezocrystal, or the MEMS accelerometer, but also on the further processing of the signal, primarily on the operation of the analog-to-digital converter. A comparative analysis of the electronic noise level of the vibration parameter measurement channel for piezoelectric and MEMS accelerometers is carried out taking into account the influence of the analog-to-digital converter. 12-bit, 16-bit and 24-bit ADCs in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio can be used to control the vibration parameters of the main and auxiliary nodes of the MVPS, bearing nodes of traction motors, wheel-motor block of electric trains. The best ADC for measuring vibroparameters can be considered a 16-bit ADC, but a 12-bit ADC can be used, since it also meets the requirements of the standard. The electronic noise level of a 12-bit ADC meets the requirements of “Russian Standard ISO 16063-1-2013”. The signal-to-noise ratio is within 70 dBFS, the electron noise density is within 100 µg.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Apr 2021 17:22:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1838864</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Toward the Ghosting Phenomenon in a Stereo-Based Map With a Collaborative RGB-D Repair</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1724138</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Although 3-D reconstruction of dynamic road environment by moving cameras has been broadly applied in recognition and navigation systems, this task is still considered challenging, especially under circumstances with moving objects, where the reconstruction precision is strongly harassed by the ghosting problem. To address this issue, in this paper, the authors propose a novel approach for reconstructing 3-D maps of complete static scenes, based on a combination of an elaborately designed moving-object filtering mechanism and a map repairing and blank refilling procedure, where both plausible color and depth information from stereo image pairs are utilized. In this approach, first, the authors employ the planarity knowledge into the initial depth map based on the simple linear iterative cluster (SLIC) superpixel segmentation. The dynamic area in the image is determined under the supervision of odometry calculation. After wiping off moving objects, by collaboratively repairing color and depth information, the final 3-D map containing only static scene is obtained. The experimental results on extensive challenging real-world scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the authors' approach.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2020 18:24:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1724138</guid>
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