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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Enhancing the Mechanical Properties and Reducing Water Sensitivity of Peat Soil Using Octadecyl Primary Amine</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2674971</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Peat soil presents considerable engineering challenges owing to its high water content, elevated organic matter content, and low bearing capacity. This study investigated the use of octadecyl primary amine (ODA) as a chemical amendment to enhance the hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of peat soil. A comprehensive series of laboratory tests was conducted, including water drop penetration, wetting-drying-induced cracking, unconfined compressive strength, tensile strength, direct shear, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The results demonstrated that ODA effectively enhanced the hydrophobic characteristics of peat soil, with optimal efficacy observed at a concentration of 0.3%. Wetting-drying cycle tests revealed steeper drying curves, reduced residual moisture content, and a three-stage evaporation process—comprising constant-rate, falling-rate, and residual phases. Crack pattern analysis indicated a more compact, shorter, and narrower crack network, suggesting microstructural refinement. Mechanical testing confirmed improvements in compressive strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle; however, the rate of improvement decreased with higher ODA dosages. The underlying modification mechanisms are attributed to chemical interactions between ODA molecules and soil constituents, reorganization of the soil microstructure, and enhanced inter-particle bonding. These findings offer valuable technical guidance for geotechnical engineering applications in peat-rich regions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 11:44:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2674971</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mechanistic investigation and performance evaluation of amine-functionalized graphene oxide/styrene-butadiene-styrene high-modulus composite-modified asphalt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2609035</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Graphene oxide (GO) has excellent strength and modulus, and it shows immense potential in modified asphalt binders. However, its large specific surface area and strong interlayer forces cause it to agglomerate in the asphalt matrix, which greatly limits its effectiveness as a modifier. This study proposes the use of KH-550 for the surface functionalization of GO to obtain amine-functionalized graphene oxide (N-GO), composite modification in cooperation with Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), and supplementation with maleic anhydride (MAH) as a compatibilizer coupling scheme for the preparation of N-GO/SBS composite-modified asphalt (N-GOSA), and the optimal amount of N-GO and its enhancement mechanism were explored. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques confirmed that the surface modification of KH-550 reduced the polarity of N-GO, increased the interlayer spacing, and improved compatibility with polymers. Rheology results indicated that the incorporation of N-GO improved the high-temperature rutting resistance, medium-temperature fatigue resistance, and viscoelasticity of the composite-modified asphalt but adversely affected the low-temperature cracking resistance. Fluorescence microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the modification between N-GO and asphalt binder was physical, and the chemical reactions between MAH and asphalt binder and N-GO promoted the cross-linking of the composite system. This study is of great significance for breaking through the content plateau of GO modified asphalt and prepares modified asphalt with excellent anti-rut performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Nov 2025 17:04:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2609035</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of amine-based and chemical WMA additives on moisture damage resistance of asphalt mixtures at different conditioning protocols</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2600915</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Moisture damage in asphalt mixtures significantly affects pavement durability, ultimately deteriorating through stripping and raveling. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an amine-based liquid anti-strip (AM) additive and a chemical warm mix additive (WMA) in mitigating moisture damage using the Hamburg Wheel-Tracking (HWT) and Modified Lottman (ML) tests under various moisture conditioning protocols. Six 12.5-mm asphalt mixtures were prepared containing two asphalt binder types (unmodified PG 67–22 and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified PG 70–22), one aggregate type (semi-crushed gravel), and three additive scenarios: no additive (NA), AM, and WMA. Further, three moisture damage conditioning protocols were applied: unconditioned, three freeze-thaw cycles (FT3), and 7000 cycles of the Moisture-induced Stress Test (MT7000). Results, in general, indicated that HWT and ML tests effectively captured the progressive moisture damage and rutting in asphalt mixtures across different additives and moisture conditioning protocols. In addition, asphalt mixtures containing AM additive showed lower rut depth and higher tensile strength ratios (TSR) values than asphalt mixtures without additives, implying a higher resistance to moisture damage. However, asphalt mixtures containing the chemical WMA additive did not exhibit a significant improvement in resisting moisture damage compared to control mixtures without additives. Also, MT7000 conditioning induced more progressive moisture damage than FT3 conditioning, regardless of the additives or asphalt binder type used. Asphalt mixtures containing PG 70–22 SBS-modified asphalt binder exhibited lower rut depth and higher TSR values than similar mixtures containing unmodified PG 67–22 asphalt binder, indicating improved moisture damage resistance by the PG 70–22 asphalt mixtures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2025 09:48:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2600915</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of Amine and Silane Based Anti-Stripping Agents on the Performance Characteristics of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Polymer Modified Asphalt Binder</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606625</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Anti-stripping agents (ASAs) have become a mandatory inclusion in bituminous mixtures containing hydrophilic aggregates and in regions experiencing extreme rainfall. Even with superior binders such as polymer-modified bitumen (PMB), ASAs are added to enhance moisture resistance in high-stress locations such as airfields, where significant pavement stresses and a strict zero-failure policy are critical for safety. This study deeply probes the rheological change in the behavior of PMB because of the addition of liquid ASAs: amine and silane. The performance of ASAs is analyzed from the perspective of cohesion, rutting, fatigue, and aggregate-bonding properties. Artificial aging of binders was performed to imitate short-term and long-term aging conditions using a rolling thin film oven and then a pressure aging vessel, respectively. A series of tests were conducted, which included FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), high performance grade temperature, Bitumen-Typisierungs-Schnell-Verfahren, rotational viscosity, force ductility, MSCR (multiple stress creep recovery), the BYET (binder yield energy test), and binder bond strength. FTIR tests evinced chemical rearrangement and polymer degradation because of the addition of ASAs in the PMB. MSCR analysis at multiple stress levels indicated a drop in rutting resistance with the presence of ASAs at high stresses and temperature, stipulating a loss of recovery property. The novel BYET measured the fatigue resistance of long-term aged binders and demonstrated that ASAs cause early yielding of binders. The addition of ASAs improved the bond strength of PMB with limestone, basalt, and quartzite aggregates. Comprehensively, this study concludes that ASAs have an impact on the rheology of PMB; however, there is a compromising of certain binder properties to attain the benefits of moisture resistance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Oct 2025 14:29:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606625</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Performance Testing of Asphalt Binder Modified with Amine-Impregnated Zeolite and Plastic in Hot Mix Asphalt to Reduce Carbon Footprint</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2534946</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The rise in global temperatures, driven in part by significant transportation carbon emissions, necessitate sustainable solutions for infrastructure. Traditional asphalt binders and lime additives significantly contribute to carbon emissions, and conventional liquid amine-based antistrip agents, which are used to reduce moisture damage, lose efficacy over time. This study evaluates the performance of PG 64-16 Low Carbon binder, incorporating 10% post-consumer plastic and amine-impregnated zeolite (AIMZ) as a protective carrier for liquid amines. Researchers compare this low-carbon binder to conventional PG 64-16 binder and evaluate AIMZ against amine and zeolite separately (AZ) and a commercial liquid antistrip (LAS). The study tests three aging levels (3, 5, and 7 days), simulating 4, 8, and 10 years, respectively, of field aging in Southern California. The evaluation of moisture-induced damage uses the Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR), while the Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test assesses rutting resistance (the wear from tires and loads that occurs on roads). The IDEAL Cracking Test measures cracking resistance, and the Moisture-Induced Shear-Thinning Index (MISTI) and Multiple-Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) tests analyze moisture susceptibility and rheological properties, all of which are important factors to consider in long-term efficacy. AIMZ demonstrated higher TSR values compared to those with AZ and LAS at both 5 days and 7 days of aging levels for both binders. Rutting resistance is comparable between binders, and low-carbon binder mixtures show improved cracking resistance over time. MISTI values suggest lower moisture susceptibility for the low-carbon binder, though MSCR results suggest it is best suited for low-traffic volumes. This study indicates that AIMZ effectively prolongs liquid amine efficacy and that low-carbon binders, despite some limitations, offer environmental and performance benefits. These findings support the potential for incorporating post-consumer plastics in asphalt pavements, promoting sustainability in infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Apr 2025 12:03:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2534946</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation on Feasibility of Carbon Black and Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer as UV-Resistant Additives of Asphalt Binder</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2173232</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the main causes of asphalt pavement aging. The development of UV-resistant technology is of great significance to improve the durability of asphalt pavement. In order to evaluate the feasibility of carbon black (CB) and hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) as UV-resistant additives, the modified asphalt binders were prepared by adding CB and HALS. The dispersibility of UV-resistant additives in asphalt binder was evaluated by using a fluorescence microscope. Then, the aging resistance of additives and their effects on virgin asphalt binder were qualitatively evaluated by calculating rheological parameters. The new aging-resistant index and impact index were defined. The results show that the aging-resistant index and impact index can accurately characterize the aging resistance of additives and their effect on virgin asphalt binder. The UV-resistant additives slowed down the aging rate of asphalt binder. A 3 % dosage of CB had a great adverse effect on the properties of virgin asphalt binder. HALS showed good UV resistance and had little effect on virgin asphalt binder. The aging-resistant index of asphalt binder modified by HALS was about 1.63 times that of the asphalt binder modified by CB at the same dosage (1 %). The aging-resistant index of asphalt binder modified by 1 % HALS was only about 1.31 times that of asphalt binder modified by 0.5 % HALS. In addition, the dosage of HALS was changed from 0.5 % to 1 % and the impact indexes changed to more than 2.67 times. It was considered that HALS was more suitable for improving the aging resistance of asphalt binder with an optimal dosage of 0.5 %.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Jun 2023 09:49:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2173232</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluating the effect of amine-based anti-stripping agent on the fatigue life of asphalt pavements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1983936</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aggregate-binder adhesiveness is a property that can affect the service life of asphalt pavements. In order to reduce the effects of the loss of adhesion between aggregates and binders over time, lime or amine-based anti-stripping agents are commonly used. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of using an amine-based anti-stripping agent on the fatigue life of asphaltic pavements. Stiffness characterisation, the Simplified Viscoelastic Continuum Damage model, and the software FlexPAVE™ were used. Two different layered structures were analysed: one with a 0.10 m asphalt layer thickness, and another with a combination of two 0.05 m asphalt layers, with the same 0.10 m total asphalt layer thickness. The 10 years fatigue simulation was considered with 1,000,100 total ESALs traffic volume, single wheel loading of 40 kN, traffic speed of 60 km/h, and constant temperature of 20°C. It was concluded that mixtures with anti-stripping agent and/or granitic aggregate showed better fatigue behaviour than mixtures with neat binder and/or phonolitic aggregate. All investigated pavements showed bottom-up predicted crack initiation. It is more recommended to use the mixtures with amine-based anti-stripping agent on the bottom asphalt layer and mixtures with neat binder on the top layer.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 09 Jul 2022 15:01:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1983936</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Characteristics and sources of amine-containing particles in the urban atmosphere of Liaocheng, a seriously polluted city in North China during the COVID-19 outbreak</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1870639</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Chinese government issued an unprecedentedly strict lockdown policy to control the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), significantly mitigating air pollution because of the dramatic reduction of industrial and traffic emissions. To explore the impact of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) on organic aerosols, the mixing states and evolution processes of amine-containing particles were studied using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer from January to March 2020 in Liaocheng, which is a seriously polluted city in North China. The counts and percentages of amine-containing particles in total obtained particles during the pre-LCD (547832, 29.8 %) were higher than those during the LCD (283983, 20.7 %) and post-LCD (102026, 18.4 %), mainly due to the reduced emission strength of amines and suppressed gas-to-particle partitioning of amines during the LCD and post-LCD. ⁷⁴(C₂H₅)₂NH₂+ was the most abundant amine marker, which accounted for 98.2 %, 98.4 %, and 96.7 % of all amine-containing particles during the pre-LCD, LCD, and post-LCD, respectively. Correlation analysis and temporal variations indicated that the gas-to-particle partitioning of amines was facilitated by the stronger acidic environment and lower temperature, while the effect of RH and aerosol liquid water content was minor. The A-OC particles were the most abundant type (accounting for ∼40 %) throughout the observation period. The temporal profiles and correlation analysis suggested that the impact of the increased O₃ on the amines and their oxidation products (e.g., trimethylamine oxide) was minor. The identified particle types, correlation analysis, and the potential source contribution function results implied that the amine-containing particles were mainly derived from local and surrounding sources during the LCD, while those were mainly affected by long-range transport during the pre-LCD and post-LCD. The authors' results could deepen the comprehension of the sources and atmospheric processing of amines in the urban area of North China during the COVID-19 outbreak.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2021 14:56:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1870639</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation and characterization on the segregation and dispersion of anti-UV aging modifying agent in asphalt binder</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1845919</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hindered amines light stabilizer (HALS) could delay the ultraviolet aging behavior of asphalt material effectively. However, the unevenly dispersibility of HALS in asphalt might limit its modification effect on asphalt. Therefore, the HALS modified asphalt specimen was prepared and the segregation treatment was performed for dispersion investigating. The physical properties of HALS asphalt samples at different positions were studied. The distribution characteristics of HALS in different specimen positions were characterized by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that HALS was dispersed evenly in asphalt with particle size of 2–3 μm. The difference of thermogravimetric property and infrared spectrogram indicated dispersion difference of light stabilizer could lead to the variation of the weight loss characteristics and functional groups change of asphalt material, which might demonstrate the dispersed state of HALS in different positions of asphalt specimen. This study will provide reference for the research on HALS modified asphalt.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 May 2021 10:56:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1845919</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rheological evaluation of bitumen modified using antistripping additives synthesised from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1719011</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The use of amine-based additives is common practice to improve the stripping resistance and performance properties of bituminous mixtures. This study is concerned with the synthesis of additives derived from waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), and investigation of its effect as an effective modifier for bitumen. Firstly, two amine functionalised additives namely bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalamide (BHETA) and bis(2-aminoethyl) terephthalamide (BAET) were chemically synthesised using an aminolysis process from waste PET. The effects of BAET and BHETA on bitumen and bituminous mixture performance were then identified through conventional binder, Marshall Stability, Hot water stripping, Superpave performance, and Hamburg Wheel Tracking tests. The results indicated that BAET modified bitumen showed a significant improvement in moisture resistance as well as other properties such as enhanced Marshall stability, low and high temperature performance. On the other hand, BHETA modified bitumen did not show similar characteristics and exhibited only a marginal performance improvement as compared to the virgin bitumen. It was inferred from the proposed interaction mechanism that the terminal functional group of the additives has a substantial effect in determining the performance properties of such modified binders. Overall, this study has confirmed the possibility of using waste PET materials as an environmentally friendly modifier for bituminous mixtures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2020 15:25:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1719011</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rheological Interference of Amine and Silane–Based Antistripping Agents on Crumb Rubber–Modified Binder</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1673399</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Liquid antistripping agents are added to asphalt binder to improve moisture resistance of the mixture. However, the chemical makeup and bonding mechanism of antistripping agents may cause significant effects on binder rheology. This paper investigates the effects of two different liquid antistripping agents, one amine based and another silane based, on the rheological properties of crumb rubber–modified binder CRMB60. Rheological properties determined included rotational viscosity, performance grade (PG), percent recovery, nonrecoverable creep compliance, creep stiffness, and rate of relaxation. The number of cycles to fatigue failure aided in evaluating the fatigue life. The results show that the addition of antistripping agents caused a decrease in rotational viscosity of CRMB60. Moreover, the silane antistripping agent was observed to cause a bump in high-temperature PG, whereas low-temperature PG remained unaffected by both antistripping agents. The multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) analysis exhibited that the silane antistripping agent increased the percent recovery and decreased the nonrecoverable creep compliance, whereas the contrary trend was observed with addition of the amine antistripping agent. Both the amine and silane antistripping agents caused a significant decrease in the fatigue life of CRMB60. Additionally, minor effect was observed on low-temperature cracking performance by both the amine and silane antistripping agents up to a certain temperature below which the cracking exacerbates. Overall, it was concluded that antistripping agents affect the rheology of CRMB60 and should be given due consideration prior to adopting a particular antistripping agent.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Dec 2019 10:41:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1673399</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influences of triethanolamine on the performance of cement pastes used in slab track</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1671929</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, the impacts of triethanolamine (TEA) on the performance of hardened cement pastes (HCPs) used in slab track were systematically investigated. For the first time, Ca(OH)2 powder was synthesized in TEA solutions with different concentrations, aiming at revealing the mechanism of TEA tuning strength from a microstructural point of view. Results show that low dosages of TEA increase hydration degree owing to its effects on the hydration of C3S and on the second hydration of C3A. The filling of hydrates in capillary pores facilitates a refined pore structure, and thereby increasing the early strength of HCPs. On the contrary, a high dosage of TEA decreases the hydration degree and the early strength. Microstructural experiments prove that the inclusion of TEA causes a transformation of Ca(OH)2 morphology from large and regular crystal shape to small and distorted actinomorphic one. Thus, the existence of numerous actinomorphic Ca(OH)2 results in a loose structure and decreases the late strength of HCPs, especially at a high dosage of TEA.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Dec 2019 16:04:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1671929</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Laboratory Characterization of Asphalt Binders Containing a Chemical-Based Warm Mix Asphalt Additive</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1596790</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Different technologies, namely foamed asphalt, synthetic waxes, zeolites, and chemical additives, are used to produce warm mix asphalt (WMA). This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of using different amounts of an amine-based chemical WMA additive on the rheology, performance grade (PG), and moisture-induced damage potential of an asphalt binder (PG 58-28). Superpave specifications were used to evaluate the rheological properties and PG of the asphalt binder. Also, a mechanistic approach-based on the surface free energy (SFE) method was used to evaluate the moisture-induced damage potential of the asphalt binder combined with commonly used aggregates in an asphalt mix. It was found that the dynamic viscosity of the asphalt binder was not significantly affected after blending it with the WMA additive. It was also observed that the Superpave high-temperature PG and the rutting factor did not reduce by an increase in the WMA additive content. However, the continuous low-temperature PG of the asphalt binder decreased with an increase in the amount of WMA additive. Furthermore, it was found that the fatigue resistance increased after blending the binder with the WMA additive. The SFE results of the asphalt binder revealed that the WMA additive used in this study reduced the moisture-induced damage potential of the asphalt mixes. However, the extent of this improvement was found to largely depend on the aggregate type. The outcomes of this study are expected to help better understand the influence of amine-based chemical WMA additives on rheological and long-term performance of asphalt mix.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 May 2019 10:23:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1596790</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study of the Amine-Based Liquid Anti-Stripping Agents by Simulating Hot Mix Asphalt Plant Production Process</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1486085</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Stripping is one of the major distresses threatening the longevity of hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. Numerous types of liquid anti-stripping agents have been introduced to reduce moisture susceptibility of the Asphalt in HMA pavements. However, laboratory findings on the asphalt binder samples might be quite different with the actual conditions of mixing processes in asphalt plants. In HMA production plants, HMA mixtures and/or asphalt stored in asphalt storage tanks, are kept at high temperatures for hours, which drastically reduces the effectiveness of liquid anti-stripping agents. In this study, it is intended to simulate the HMA production conditions and then investigate the impacts of two types of liquid amine-based anti-stripping agents on the performance of HMA using the tensile strength ratio (TSR) and semi-circular bending (SCB) tests. Results of this study indicated that effectiveness of these additives was significantly decreased after long-term being heated for HMA production. It is recommended that use of the manufacturer’s suggested percentages of liquid anti-stripping additives, should be carefully reexamined with regard to production conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Nov 2017 14:21:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1486085</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Boosting the Friction Performance of Amine Friction Modifiers with MoDTC</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1434452</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For years amine surfactants, such as primary amines, ethoxylated amines and polyamines, have been used as friction modifiers in lubricating oils in order to improve fuel economy. This paper describes how the friction performance of amine containing lubricating oils can be improved with the addition of a small amount of molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC).Three fatty amines, tallow amine (Armeen® T), tallow propanediamine (Duomeen® T) and tallow dipropylenetriamine (Triameen® T), have been tested with Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) and with and without MoDTC in the Minitraction machine (MTM). It is shown that MoDTC improves the friction of Duomeen T and Triameen T while not for Armeen T. It is argued that the packing of Armeen T does not allow MoDTC to reach the surface and to create molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) sheets. Duomeen T and Triameen T have more nitrogen atoms and cannot pack as closely at the surface as Armeen T which allow MoS2 sheets to form. To validate the theory, Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with Energy Dispersive Xray Analysis (SEM-EDX) has been used to determine the amount of sulphur in the tribofilm. The SEM-EDX data show more sulphur in the tribofilm of Duomeen T compared to Armeen T which could be due to the formation of more MoS2.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Jan 2017 16:23:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1434452</guid>
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