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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>High Visibility Apparel in Work Zones: Characteristics of High-Visibility Safety Apparel</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2030506</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Working near traffic and around construction equipment can be dangerous, and staying safe is of the utmost importance. The purpose of this field guide is to raise awareness of the types and characteristics of high-visibility safety apparel for the protection of workers, with the ultimate goal of decreasing worker fatalities and injuries. This field guide provides contractors, field personnel, inspectors, and engineers with guidance on selecting high-visibility safety apparel. This guide outlines different apparel and the appropriate situations where each type of apparel is required or recommended by National standards/guidelines. When selecting the appropriate apparel, you should also check State and local requirements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 05 Oct 2022 12:20:24 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Highway Worker Visibility: State of Practice and Policy Considerations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/783364</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As of December 2005, about 75% of the State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) had adopted all or part of the American National Standards Institute’s consensus standards on high-visibility safety apparel (HVSA). The standards (ANSI/ISEA 107-2004) are quite clear on minimum coverage areas of fluorescent and retroreflective materials on garments, photometric requirements for retroreflectivity, and material durability performance levels. The standards allow for some flexibility, however, in garment color choices, retroreflective shapes and configurations, garment type applications, and background contrast. The lack of direction can be frustrating for a DOT seeking guidance on HVSA; as a result, there is limited commonality in DOT practices. This report examines HVSA and pedestrian visibility research findings, as pertains to worker visibility, as well as current practices and standards. About ten different colors or color combinations for daytime apparel are being used by DOTs. About half of the DOTs have HVSA practices for headwear only. The research findings indicate that bicolor garments featuring fluorescent yellow, green, orange and/or red, ANSI Class 3 and Class E apparel for flaggers at all times, Class 2 apparel for daytime construction and maintenance work, large retroreflective shapes for nighttime wear, and special provisions for high temperatures should be incorporated into HVSA practices. Further study is needed on colors, shapes, patterns, contrast, and the effectiveness of HVSA. In the absence of this additional research, and to expedite current HVSA needs, a retroreflective safety vest design for Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) workers is proposed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Jul 2006 15:49:52 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>IS YOUR SAFETY GEAR UP TO DATE?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/684157</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The recently published American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel (ANSI/ISEA 107-1999) will have significant implications for the safety of workers in dozens of industries, including the pavement industry.  Although the document is a recommendation and not a requirement, the recommendations are gaining in popularity.  The garments are divided into three classes depending on the worker's activity and the surrounding environment in which the activity takes place.  The activity environment includes factors such as the speed of passing traffic and the visual complexity of the work area.  The classes of garments differ in terms of amounts of background materials, required colors and types of background materials, amounts, colors, and performance of reflective trim, and placement of the garments on the wearer.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 May 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>SOUND LEVEL OF HIGHWAY TRUCK TIRES -- SAE J57</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/55722</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a test procedure for measuring the sound level produced by tires intended primarily for highway use on motor trucks, truck tractors, trailers and semitrailers, and buses.  The procedure provides for the measurement of the sound generated by a set of test tires, mounted on the rear axle operated at 50 mph (80 km/h) and at maximum rated tire load.  Specifications for the instrumentation, the test site, and the operation of the test vehicle are set forth to minimize the effects of extraneous sound sources and to define the basis of reported levels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Mar 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>EXTERIOR SOUND LEVEL FOR HEAVY TRUCKS AND BUSES -- SAE J366B</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/55715</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This SAE Standard establishes the test procedure, environment, and instrumentation for determining the maximum exterior sound level for highway motor trucks, truck tractors, and buses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Mar 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD METHOD OF RECORDING AND MEASURING MOTOR VEHICLE FLEET ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE AND PASSENGER ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/55706</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This standard supplies methods for deriving motor vehicle fleet and passenger accident rates, which when compiled in accordance with this standard can be used to determine the extent of the motor vehicle fleet and passenger accident problem, the need for accident prevention programs, and the relative effectiveness of accident prevention activities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Mar 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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