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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Collaborative Optimization of Tooth Parameters in Cemented Carbide-Tipped Circular Saw Blades for Sand Willow Cutting Machines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2742579</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To enhance the service life of cemented carbide brazed circular saw blades used in sand willow stump cutting machines and to mitigate the problem of uneven stress distribution on saw teeth during cutting, this study investigates the circular saw blade as the research object. Sand willow, widely distributed in arid and desertification-prone regions of northern China, plays a vital role in ecological restoration and biomass utilization. However, due to the high density and toughness of its stems, conventional saw blades often experience severe tooth wear and premature failure, limiting the efficiency and stability of stump cutting operations. In this work, the dynamic simulation module of ABAQUS was employed to establish a finite element model of the cutting process. A Box–Behnken Design (BBD) combined with response surface methodology was then applied to systematically evaluate the influence of key tooth parameters on stress distribution. Using the maximum equivalent stress at critical nodes as the optimization criterion, a cooperative optimization strategy was developed to balance tooth strength and cutting efficiency. The optimized design markedly improved the mechanical performance of the saw teeth. Compared with conventional blades, the maximum stress value was reduced by 51%, resulting in enhanced reliability and prolonged service life. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of integrating finite element simulation with statistical optimization for tool design in forestry machinery, and provide both theoretical insights and practical support for advancing specialized sand willow cutting equipment, thereby contributing to ecological restoration and sustainable biomass utilization in desertification-affected regions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 09:52:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2742579</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Uncertainty-aware prediction and decision support for disc-cutter consumption in hard-rock TBM tunnelling</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692509</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Disc cutter consumption is a major source of downtime and maintenance cost in hard-rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation, yet reliable forecasting remains difficult because cutter replacement is jointly influenced by geological variability and operating conditions. This study developed a ring-scale workflow for predicting disc cutter consumption and supporting maintenance decisions using 144 ring-level samples. Geological descriptors and operating signals were aligned at ring scale, and cutter consumption was represented by an equivalent replacement rate to improve comparability across cutter sizes. To identify robust predictors under multicollinearity and coupled rock–machine conditions, a multi-perspective feature-screening strategy was applied by jointly considering target association, structural influence among variables, and nonlinear predictive contribution. Based on the selected predictors, an SVR model optimized by the sparrow search algorithm was developed for prediction. Predictive uncertainty was quantified using conformal prediction, and the outputs were translated into intervention policies through a cost-sensitive decision module. The model achieved an MAE of 0.5140, RMSE of 1.0026, MAPE of 9.08%, and R² of 0.9634. The 90% prediction intervals achieved a coverage of 0.95 with a mean interval size of 0.62. Under the selected engineering setting, the intervention rule reduced the expected cost to 0.279 per sample, compared with 0.465 for the never-intervene policy and 0.953 for the always-intervene policy. The proposed workflow provides practical support for ring-scale cutter inspection and replacement planning in hard-rock TBM tunnelling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2026 08:40:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692509</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An SPH–FEM coupled method incorporating turbulent jet effects and its application to shield tunnel mudcake erosion in offshore viscous strata</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2693665</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Addressing mud cake formation on shield cutter heads in coastal cohesive strata and jet simulation distortions from uniform velocity assumptions in traditional SPH-FEM methods, this paper proposes an SPH-FEM coupling method incorporating turbulent flow velocity distribution. Based on turbulent jet theory, this method assigns radially non-uniform initial velocities to SPH particle sets through secondary development using programming language, constructing a more realistic water jet velocity field. The model's validity was verified through laboratory mud cake scouring tests, achieving an overall similarity of 89% with experimental results. The method was applied to numerical simulation of the full-scale shield cutter head mud cake scouring process, systematically analyzing the influence patterns of scouring time, scouring distance, and mud cake density on scouring effectiveness. The results indicate that: the scouring process can be divided into three stages: efficient destruction, efficiency attenuation, and effect saturation; an optimal range exists for scouring distance (0.8∼1.2 m), within which the mud cake volume destruction ratio reaches 29.7%∼35.3%; mud cake density is positively correlated with its scouring resistance. This study provides validated numerical tools and theoretical foundations for understanding mud cake scouring mechanisms and optimizing scouring system design in Offshore Viscous Strata.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 14:31:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2693665</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stiffness of Structures and Drives in Fast Milling Machines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784686</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A stiffness requirement for high speed milling machines is determined by examining the stiffness of current generation high speed spindles. The desire for stability against chatter dictates that the stiffness of the machine structure and drives, when reflected to the tool tip exceed the spindle/tool holder/tool stiffness. The stiffness characteristics of a classical serial machine tool designed expressly for high speed milling are shown. Another potential design for high speed machining applications, the parallel kinematic or hexapod structure is also examined. It is found that hexapod structures exhibit lower structural stiffness than can be achieved in serial machines when using the same drive components. Furthermore, the stiffness of the hexapod structure varies widely across the workspace, leading to difficulties in control and limiting the achievable accuracy. Theoretically derived stiffnesses are compared with experimentally measured stiffnesses for two hexapod machines and are found to show good agreement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 13:22:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784686</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Study on Autonomous Hole Machining Process Analysis by Reverse Engineering of NC Programs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784685</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The machining know-how or knowledge exists in the NC programs if they are generated through experienced workers. To realize autonomous CNC machining, accumulation and representation of such know-how in a reusable way is needed. In this paper, an autonomous machining process analyzer for hole machining is studied. With the method, the machining process can be analyzed and the know-how can be extracted from existing successful NC programs. Specifically, machining feature, operation sequence, and cutting parameters including used tools, feedrate and spindle/cutting speed can be extracted. Based on the proposed method, a prototype system has been developed to verify the feasibility of the know-how extraction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 13:22:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784685</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Implementing the Ultra-High Pressure Water Cutter for Roadway Maintenance Applications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572380</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The implementation research project described herein has been designed to conduct a systematic evaluation of the ultra high pressure (UHP) water cutter as a pavement preservation tool for treatment of flushed, seal-coat surfaced pavements in Texas. Relative to treatment effectiveness, comparison of pre- and post-treatment data from multiple sets of friction and texture tests collected from 14 sites located in four climatic regions in Texas indicates that the UHP water cutting treatment generally yields significant improvement in pavement macrotexture and microtexture. Relative to treatment durability, follow-on evaluation of these same parameters is currently underway. Limited data based on one follow-on event six months after treatment suggest that the initial improvement associated with UHP treatment has decayed, but pavement surface friction and texture are typically still much higher than they were prior to treatment. Relative to production considerations associated with the UHP water cutter treatment process, a direct comparison of unit cost data for UPH water cutting versus the unit costs of other maintenance functions currently used to treat flushed pavements in Texas indicates that UHP water cutting can provide cost savings of 25 percent to 77 percent, typically 41 percent. Overall, the interim findings from of this implementation study are promising relative to the application of UHP water cutting for seal coat maintenance in Texas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 20 Sep 2025 11:55:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572380</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of the Stress State and Strength of the Cutting Tool Used in the Rolling Stock Wheels’ Repair</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408116</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This work evaluates the stress state and strength of the cutting tool under the combined action of external factors. At the same time, a numerical method for calculating the stress state of the complex shaped carbide tool’s cutting part for machining railway wheels was used, taking into account the hardening chamfer and various values of its front surface angle. The changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the tool material under the temperature field influence and various laws of loads distribution on the tool contact surfaces, leading not only to elastic, but also to plastic deformations of the hard alloy, are taken into account. The article evaluates the static strength of the cutting tool when processing the wheels of different hardness, taking into account temperature and power effects. The technology of reuse of cutting tools for machining railway wheelsets has also been presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408116</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Numerical and experimental analysis of contact pressure in rock-disc cutter interaction using displacement discontinuity method and digital image correlation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2557042</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Accurately predicting contact pressure distribution in rock-disc cutter interaction is crucial for optimizing tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance. This study presents a numerical and experimental investigation of contact pressure using the Higher-Order Displacement Discontinuity Method (HODDM) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The numerical model was developed to analyze stress and strain distributions under varying cutter force conditions, and its results were validated through controlled experimental testing using a linear cutting simulator. The numerical analysis reveals that pressure distribution follows a downward parabolic trend, with peak values concentrated in the central contact zone. This trend was also confirmed from experimental DIC measurements. The study further investigates the influence of the rotational-to-normal force ratio (Fr/Fn) on stress concentration, showing that increasing this ratio amplifies peak pressure and alters crack propagation patterns. Additionally, the proposed FWxM criterion quantifies pressure distribution zones, demonstrating that higher Fr/Fn ratios lead to a broader pressure spread beneath the cutter, potentially improving rock fragmentation efficiency. These findings enhance the understanding of rock fracturing mechanisms and provide a validated approach for predicting cutter forces, aiding in TBM cutter design optimization. The results indicate that accurate pressure distribution modeling can contribute to reducing cutter wear and enhancing excavation efficiency in hard rock tunneling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2025 09:51:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2557042</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Characterization of Delamination Processes with Respect to Waterjet Shotcrete Removal during Tunnel Liner Repair and Maintenance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2543483</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research seeks to develop an advanced excavation system for the removal of damaged and compromised shotcrete structural liners used in underground workings and tunnels.   Waterjet technology has the potential to circumvent many of the technical and operating challenges commonly associated with conventional shotcrete removal methods utilized in liner repair and maintenance. Empiric evidence suggests that waterjets are capable of selectively removing damaged areas of support liners without structurally compromising the material adjacent to the area being repaired. The primary objective of this research is to compare and contrast the unintended damage caused to the surrounding liner and substrate by both conventional impact hammers and waterjet excavation methods during empiric testing. This analysis utilized simulated shotcrete panels that were instrumented to quantify vibration during excavation, substrate damage, and delamination. Vibration data, ground penetrating radar, and visual inspection strongly supports the hypothesis that waterjet cutting generates less collateral damage to surrounding shotcrete and liner substrate, as well as detrimental impact to the steel reinforcement within the liner.  The results of this research will be used as the fundamental basis for future work in this area.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 May 2025 08:56:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2543483</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of rock cutting performance of conical cutting tool based on commonly measured rock properties</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408442</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Efficiency of rock cutting process plays a critical role in performance of mechanical excavation units. The composition of cutting forces (normal and drag force acting on cutting tools) and the total force (FT), specific energy (SE), and percent of fine material (FM) produced in cutting process are important indicators of efficient cutting process. The other key factors in assessment of machine performance are tool wear, energy consumption, dust production, and machine maintenance, availability, and utilization. In this study, small scale linear cutting experiments were performed with a conical pick on thirteen sedimentary and metamorphic weak to medium strength rock samples at a range of 0.5 to 6 mm cutting depths in unrelieved cutting mode. FT was measured by using a 3D dynamometer and recorded by the data acquisition system, and FM was determined by sieve analysis. Finally, SE was calculated using both the cutting force signal and the volume of the cuttings for each test. Subsequently, an analysis of the effective cutting geometry was performed based on cutting depth, using the specific energy as an indicator of cutting efficiency. Statistical and regression analysis was used to correlate FT, SE, and FM with the rock properties and cutting geometry. The results revealed that the uniaxial compressive strength, Schmidt rebound number, and density are the main parameters that affect FT and SE, and the brittleness index is the main parameter that affects FM. A nonlinear predictive model is introduced that offers a reasonable estimate of FT, SE, and FM to assist engineers in determining the effective operational cutting geometry for a given rock type for unrelieved cuts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Aug 2024 09:04:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408442</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CFD simulation and experimental validation of novel cutting device for underwater propeller entanglements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2392879</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A novel cutting device is proposed for underwater propeller entanglements, which has different cutting strategies for various types of entanglements. The rotating cutter is embedded in the propeller and follows the rotation without additional actuation. Computational fluid dynamics is used to investigate the impact of the cutter on the propeller's propulsion performance. The open water and self-propulsion simulations are performed using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes method with a multiple reference frames model. Hydrodynamic performance at different rotational speeds is predicted using the response surface methodology, and the propulsive characteristics are contrasted with and without a cutter. For the open water simulations, the difference in efficiency is more significant at medium and high advance velocities. The rotating cutter and entanglement change the pressure distribution around the propeller. However, the self-propulsion simulations show that the cutter has a negligible effect on propulsion performance. Tank experiments demonstrate that the cutting device can effectively resolve various entanglements, enabling the propeller to recover normal rotation. The success rates for cutting tests are over 80%. Nevertheless, there is a significant increase in propeller torque when performing cutting tasks, which requires effective cutting operations to be conducted to guarantee the motor's safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jul 2024 10:49:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2392879</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of trochoidal milling parameters on tool load</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2319385</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in high-production technologies, including trochoidal milling. As it provides high productivity even when cutting difficult-to-machine materials, this method has high potential. The research is aimed the issue of the variation of trochoidal milling parameters on tool load. The trochoid pitch and the engagement angle are the process-defining parameters in trochoid milling and their appropriate adjustment can optimize the production process. The effect of trochoidal milling on surface quality has been demonstrated in previous research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jul 2024 13:52:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2319385</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Valves Processing of Internal Power Engines by Ultrasonic Vibro-Cutting</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971972</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The processing of materials with a hardness greater than 55 HRC has always required the use of unconventional or rectifying methods to obtain the quality and precision required by technical conditions. For these reasons, the research of the past decades has forced an unconventional method of processing, with high precision and accuracy, by assisting with classical processing techniques, forced, un-amorphized ultrasonic vibrations of low amplitude. The present paper presents a modern technology for the processing of internal combustion engine valves, namely ultrasonic vibrating. The valves are very well suited to vibration machining because they are shaft pieces with a large ratio between the length and the diameter of the rod and can easily be deformed by conventional machining. The technological equipment used is simple and is very quickly depreciated in serial or mass production.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Jun 2024 13:52:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971972</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of the Disc Cutter Cutting Load and Performance during TBM Tunneling in Soft-Hard Varied Strata through Laboratory Cutting Test</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2319072</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tunnel boring machine (TBM) disc cutters are specially designed for breaking hard rocks and always exhibit unsatisfactory performance during the soft-hard varied stratum tunneling process. To figure out the load and cutting performance of the disc cutter and avoid unsatisfying excavation face crushing effects, a soft-hard varied strata excavation face model was made and rotary cutting tests with full-scale disc cutters were conducted. The load and cutting performance of the disc cutter under different TBM operating conditions were monitored and analyzed based on the test. It was found that the variation of the disc cutter load did not meet the CSM model completely, and the tangential force of the disc cutters in the heterogeneous areas was only about 30–40 % of that in the uniform areas of the excavation face model. An ideal criterion for the excavation face to be crushed successfully was established and the unknown parameters in it were obtained by fitting the test data. The gradation information and fractal dimension of crushing debris were obtained by the sieved-and-weighed method, which can provide indicators for the crushing effect of the disc cutters. Three different disc cutter poor performance modes in the heterogeneous strata cutting process were analyzed: (1) rotating starting failure of the disc cutters caused by tangential load insufficiency, (2) excavation face crushing failure caused by low crack extending capacities of the materials being cut and improper operating parameters (too small cutting depths or too large disc cutter spacing), and (3) adverse excavation face crushing forms (large or powdery debris). These analyses can help with the performance evaluation of disc cutters and the tunneling parameter adoption of the TBM in soft-hard varied strata tunneling engineering.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jan 2024 15:58:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2319072</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Distributing Forces and Capacities of the Vibrocleaver Operating Process for Compacted Snow</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972828</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The mathematical model for the movement process of compact vibrocleaver for compacted snow, which provides mechanized cleaning of sidewalks and roads from snow-ice formations, is presented. The device uses high-frequency impact of the cutting tool, which is called vibrocutting. The interaction of the cutting tool is considered within the time interval: first the introduction into the destructible medium, then the cleavage of the snow, a sharp decrease in load, the return of the blade to its original position. The model that takes into account the inertial forces, the interaction resistance of the cutting tool in the form of a triangular impulse function. It is adopted that the maximum value of the driving force is limited by the adhesion of the driving wheels to the movement surface. It is assumed that the component forces of operating process are determined by the values of the inertial forces, the driving forces and the forces of impulse interaction between the cutting tool and compacted snow. The variability depends on the interaction force of the cutting tool with compacted snow. The capacity distribution of the vibrocleaver operating process according to the maximum values of the interaction forces between the cutting tool and snow creates correlation between the engine power and the power to overcome inertia forces. Also, it makes it possible to determine the engine power taking into account restrictions on the adhesion condition of the driving wheels and the movement surface.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Nov 2023 12:47:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972828</guid>
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