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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transnational wildlife trafficking via airways: a criminological study of Trends, modus operandi, and enforcement challenges at Chennai International Airport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636096</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Chennai International Airport is a major hub for the illegal wildlife trade in India, and transnational wildlife trafficking (TWT) via air transport has become a serious environmental and security concern. Owing to the demand for expensive wildlife products, exotic pets, and traditional medicine, TWT is the fourth most profitable crime in the world. Chennai airport’s central role in this illegal trade is highlighted by the fact that it accounts for more than 36% of all wildlife seizures at Indian airports. Trafficking of live animals and wildlife products increases the possibility of zoonotic disease transmission in addition to endangering biodiversity and natural ecosystems. Enforcement is hindered by traffickers’ sophisticated concealment techniques, a lack of detection resources, and the intricate transnational nature of these crimes, even in the face of legal tools such as the Wildlife Protection Act (1972), CITES, and customs regulations. Based on the analysis of 48 news stories from major South Indian newspapers, this study aims to examine the trends, scope, and tactics of the TWT that took place through Chennai International Airport between October 2018 and October 2024 by analyzing the trafficked species, smuggling strategies, and the difficulties faced by enforcement authorities. The study further emphasizes how social media platforms, unlicensed pet stores, and breeding facilities fueled the demand and supported the trafficking networks. Despite continuous enforcement efforts, the illegal trade continues with the structural flaws and inadequate governance. The study highlights the pressing need for increased public awareness, strategic airport surveillance, and more stringent regulation to reduce TWT and protect ecological and public health interests.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Feb 2026 16:28:54 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>The Importance of Interdisciplinary Traffic Expertise in the European Union Lawsuits</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1426234</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The application of professional and scientific knowledge in the field of interdisciplinary expertise for the implementation of the Law is becoming daily more intensive, both in the whole world and in the author's country. The requirements of justice are such that they need to identify and evaluate certain important facts in the trial. Advances in this science are not sufficiently known to the public and such research literature is insufficiently monitored. This thesis shows that the integrity of the interdisciplinary expertise well determine the cause of the traffic accident or events, which are reliable evidence in court proceedings, and connect all the elements in one significant whole. This thesis defines the concept of traffic safety and traffic accidents, as a subject of research and the legal regulations pertaining to the procedure in the case of various types of accidents are also explained, and the factors and characteristics that cause a traffic accident are described. The investigation of road accidents is analyzed thoroughly; accidents research plan, traces and documents of the investigation. Gaps that occur in on-site investigation of traffic accidents can be eliminated by the interdisciplinary professional expertise. Interdisciplinary traffic toxicological examination most commonly appears in propelled road traffic, because each court documents transport file contains the findings and opinion about the impact of alcohol and narcotics and drugs for the persons who are participants in an accident. Interdisciplinary traffic and criminal examination of this paper shows that the basis of the found fuse of the vehicle’s boot during on-site investigation of an accident with two persons killed and the driver of the vehicle fled, were identified in the period of two days after the vehicle was involved in the accident. Traffic interdisciplinary expert testimony can remove all doubts about the process of the “staged” accidents, i.e. to eliminate whether this accident can be related to the unintended event, which police and judicial authorities can use in further proceedings. Traffic and technical expert in the procedure is the head of a team of experts mostly of forensic, toxicological, financial and crime profession. This paper is professional and scientific contribution to the analyses of traffic accidents, and a special contribution in discovering the “staged” traffic accidents.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Oct 2016 16:32:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1426234</guid>
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      <title>Theft of Pharmaceuticals During Transport in Europe</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1406929</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the scale of cargo theft in the European pharmaceutical supply chain in 2014. The study is based on a system-theoretical approach which emphasises a holistic rather than atomistic view. The research in this paper is deductive and descriptive in its nature and aims to present a current description of theft of pharmaceuticals in a European perspective. This paper’s hypotheses on cargo theft have been developed from theories of criminology, for applicable use, to strengthen the scientific field of logistics. A survey was conducted in autumn 2014 whereby the respondents were asked to provide their opinions in relation to eleven questions. The survey was sent out to all major players in the European pharmaceutical sector – manufacturers and logistics providers specializing in pharmaceuticals. The survey captured more or less 80 % of the European pharmaceutical manufacturers' market share. We found that the current threats against European pharmaceutical transport are small in relative occurrence terms (relatively few attacks on a yearly basis compared to other product categories) but on an impact basis thefts of pharmaceuticals place as one of the top targets (value wise) for criminals. This research supports other sources that the current geographical hot spot for these thefts in Europe is in Italy. The top risks are rated as either robbery or theft from vehicle at unsecure parking areas. These two different modi operandi can be divided into one frequency related threat (theft from unsecure parking) and one impact related risk (robbery).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 May 2016 14:49:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1406929</guid>
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      <title>Moving Safely: Crime and Perceived Safety in Stockholm's Subway Stations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1285491</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Providing both theoretical and empirical perspectives on safety conditions at subway stations is the aim of this book. In order for a city to be sustainable, it must enable the mobility needs of its citizens via accessible, reliable and safe transportation systems. Thus, safety is one of the many factors influencing the mobility of individuals in urban environments. The approach adopted in this book is place-centered, focusing on system travelers and those who may become crime victims. Transportation safety comprises a combination of cross-disciplinary theories, such as urban criminology, architecture, geography, and transportation and urban planning, as well as integrated methods for dealing with an increasing volume of data. This book adopts a whole journey approach to safety by offering suggestions on how to plan safety at subway stations, taking into account a variety of passenger needs. These suggestions are based on findings from hypothesis testing and spatial data from the city of Stockholm in Sweden.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2014 15:18:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1285491</guid>
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      <title>THE CRIMINALIZATION OF IMPAIRED DRIVING IN CANADA: ASSESSING THE DETERRENT IMPACT OF CANADA'S FIRST PER SE LAW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/744485</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this article is to assess the effectiveness of Canada's first per se law criminalizing driving with a blood alcohol concentration of over 0.08%, the Breathalyser Law introduced in 1969, in reducing drinking-driver-related fatalities.  The article also examines the long-term deterrent effect of this law on driver fatality rates.  The data collected in this study provide evidence that Canada's per se law had a specific deterrent effect that resulted in a reduction in drinking-driver fatalities.  A long-term deterrent effects was also observed, which is in contrast to the early policy literature on impaired driving.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Nov 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/744485</guid>
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      <title>MAPPING CRIME: PRINCIPLE AND PRACTICE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/654390</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This comprehensive guide is intended for the use of law enforcement agencies that are in the early stages of using geographic information system (GIS) to analyze their crime problems.  The guide contains more than 110 maps to illustrate how GIS is used.  The guide provides a broad approach addressing the kinds of questions crime mapping can answer and how, in general terms, it can answer them.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Jul 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/654390</guid>
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      <title>THE SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF CRIME: A BIBLIOGRAPHY.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/630442</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/630442</guid>
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      <title>TRANSIT SAFETY AND SECURITY: A DESIGN FRAMEWORK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/62279</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The study is an analysis of transit crime data for the Southern California region. It examines safety and security deficiencies in transit design and recommends ways in which they can be ameliorated. The study contains the following: (1) development of security and safety objectives in the operation of major transit systems, (2) assessment of crime patterns and safety problems for selected regional transit corridors, (3) examination of the effectiveness of crime prevention by physical design of transit facilities, and (4) development of a reference document for safety and security design criteria in transit facilities. Some specific design areas examined include the following: park-and-ride facilities, parking structures; site planning and landscaping; illumination levels; passenger boarding safety; subway and elevated systems; station visibility; closure and monitoring; traffic and parking criteria; and the special needs of the elderly and handicapped.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/62279</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT. A BIBLIOGRAPHY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/28702</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The bibliography is the first effort in the field of vehicular theft to identify loss, categorize or develop a comprehensive source document which could be used as a basis to judge the amount of written documentation within this field of interest. One of the most vulnerable areas for loss has been the transportation field. This bibliography of vehicular theft published literature was predicated on establishing a functional base for future discussions and research in the area of vehicular loss.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 10 Sep 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/28702</guid>
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      <title>U. S. COAST GUARD OIL POLLUTION INVESTIGATION AND CONTROL SCHOOL: INVESTIGATORS MANUAL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/9218</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report is a handbook for water pollution investigators. It includes applicable laws, the Miranda case, criminal investigative procedures, report writing guidelines, sample reports, photographic techniques, evidence gathering, and an outline of tanker/terminal oil transfer operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/9218</guid>
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