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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>CIVIL ENGINEERING FOR UNDERGROUND RAIL TRANSPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/374274</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The contents are as follows:  Foreword, T.M. Ridley; Preface; Glossary; (1) Introduction, J.T. Edwards; (2) Civil engineering aspects of route planning, D. Mead; (3) Civil engineering aspects of station location and design, G.G. Dobson; (4) Ground treatment, H. Marchini; (5) Track for underground railways, J.C. Lucas; (6) Cut and cover design and construction in reinforced concrete, A.J. Powderham; (7) Diaphragm walls, E.T. Haws; (8) Concrete piling walls, R. Fernie; (9) Hand-dug caissons or wells, R.A. Fraser and E.V. Jenkins; (10) Large reinforced concrete caissons, Ing. F. Brink; (11) Immersed-tube tunnels, D.G. Morton and M.W. Morris; (12) Precast concrete tunnels, S.B. de Vries; (13) Tunnels in soil and weak rock, Sir Alan Muir Wood; (14) Tunnels in soils - formal linings, D. Buckley; (15) Tunnelling machines in soft ground, Dr-Ing. Siegmund Babendererde; (16) Tunnelling machines in hard rock, R.J. Robbins; (17) Hard-rock tunnels, Dr-Ing. Einar Broch and Dr-Ing. Bjorn Nilsen; (18) Tunnels in compressed air, J.V. Bartlett; (19) Large-diameter and non-circular tunnels, R.N. Craig; (20) Multi-bore station tunnels, Dr techn. L. Palossy; (21) Station facilities, R.A. Chaning Pearce; (22) Influence of air-treatment systems, J.I. Simper and J.F.L. Lowndes; (23) Civil defence requirements, M.A. Soubry; and an Index.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 08 Jun 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/374274</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>BRITISH COAL REDISCOVERS THE CIRCLE AT ASFORDBY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/348542</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes the particulars with regard to the use of circular tunnels in Asfordby detailing the tunnel drives and back grouting operations, along with the problems associated with servicing the works from a single shaft, equipped with winding gear initially installed for the shaft sinking.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Nov 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/348542</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE ELASTOPLASTIC ANALYSIS OF ROCK MASSES SURROUNDING CIRCULAR OPENING CONSIDERING STRAIN HARDENING. LARGE ROCK CAVERNS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, HELSINKI, FINLAND, 25-28 AUGUST 1986. VOLUME 2</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/290880</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper treats the linear hardening of rock mass and provides a complete solution of elastoplastic stress and deformation of the surrounding rock of a circular underground opening.  For the covering abstract of the symposium see IRRD 810647.  (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 1988 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/290880</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ICOS - 25 YEARS OF INSTALLING ELEGANT GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES IN THE UK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/281918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article traces the history of the development and application of the Costruzione di Opera Specializzata (ICOS) technique of diaphragm walls pioneered by Dr. Christian Veder.  Initially designed for the construction of dam cut-offs, the technique was rapidly expanded to become the standard method for constructing underground transit systems.  Once their properties had been demonstrated, it became possible to install foundation walls from the surface, and then to build in both directions so that the superstructure could be started at the same time as the basement was being excavated. Diaphragm walls could also be constructed to closely follow the boundary of the site without threatening the integrity of adjoining properties. Examples are given of the 160 odd contracts carried out in the past 25 years. These range from the Hyde Park underpass and underground member's car park alongside the houses of Parliament in London to the Seaforth dock, Liverpool and the Holmedale tunnel on the M25 orbital motorway.  An unusual application of the technique was in the construction of the Humber bridge anchorage in Kimmeridge clay.  Diaphragm walls have particular advantages for circular structures; examples are given of several polygomal and circular shafts.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Mar 1988 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/281918</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CALCULATION OF CONCRETE TUNNEL LININGS WITH CONSIDERATION OF A CHANGE IN THE DESIGN MODEL IN THE CASE OF CRACKING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/53282</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The lining is calculated according to a program in which the rock is regarded as a winkler elastic foundtion and the lining is represented in the form of a polygonal frame having elastic supports at the nodes.  The calculation sequence is detailed.  The results of the caluclations for a circular tunnel lining are presented which shows the standard bearing capacity of the structure as a function of the specific passive resistance of the rock in the case of loading by vertical rock pressure in the presence and absence of free-flowing water in the tunnel.  The study found that the model for calculating the strength of the extended zone of concrete tunnel linings gives results unjustifiably understating their hearing capacity, since elimination of the extended zone does not lead to loss of the bearing capacity of the lining in the presence of the passive resistance of the rock.  The design model with the formation of 3 pliable hinges determines the long-term strength of the concrete lining, and on introducing the overload coefficient n=1.5 yields the design bearing capacity.  Further observations and conclusions from the study are also listed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/53282</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>STRESSED STATE OF THE LINING OF A CIRCULAR TUNNEL PARTIALLY FILLED WITH WATER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51864</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The determination of the stressed state of the lining of a partially filled tunnel (the level of water in the tunnel is below the crown of the lining roof) involves the solution of the 2 dimensional problem of elasticity on the equilibrium of a ring in an elastic medium loaded by normal stresses. Such a solution may be used to calculate the load on the lining in the case of a varying water level in the tunnel, i.e.  during emptying or filling.  This type of calculation is most expedient for tunnels in weak locks with low modilii of deformation.  An algorithm is presented which is derived by expansion of the acting load  in a Fourier series and subsequent examination of the appropriate boundary-value problem of the theory of analytic functions.  The proposed algorithm can be used to determine the stressed state in a circular tunnel lining under the action of other types of static loads symmetric to the vertical axis and distributed in any manner on a part of the inside contour of the lining cross section.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/51864</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THREE-DIMENSIONAL STATIC FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF LINED, RIGHT-ANGLE CROSS, CIRCULAR TUNNEL INTERSECTIONS IN ROCK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42674</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this investigation was to determine the static stress and force distributions associated with lined, right-angle cross, circular tunnel intersections in rock. Stresses in the rock (medium), and radial deflections and circumferential thrusts and bending moments in the linear at the intersection were determined with the finite element method of structural analysis. Briefly, the finite element method considers the structure to be analyzed as an assemblege of elements with user-assigned geometric configurations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/42674</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STRESSES ON SHALLOW CIRCULAR PIPE BY TRANSFORMED SECTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/40242</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this closure to the discussion, the author observes that the paper deals only with the simplest configuration of a single concentrated load directly over a shallow circular pipe of uniform cross section.  The strategy however, is not confined to this situation and may be applied directly to more involved cases: for uniform cross sections, eg those built with corrugated sheet, structural steel ribs, or other shapes of nonconstant thickness, the transformation to an equivalent ring of soil for flexural similitude usually is also closer to maintaining the correct axial stiffness and may even be exact; a Barjansky solution is available for concentrated normal or shear loads applied anywhere along the surface which, in turn, may be integrated to give results for eccentric or symmetric distributed loads; similarly, gravity loading is obtained directly for the transformed system from Minden's solution for a shallow tunnel; for more general geometry and particularly 3-dimensional cases, this transformation strategy reduces the problem to a homogeneous one, amenable in certain cases to an analytic solution and, in general, to experimental analysis even when no such "closed form" solution is availabe.  Comments are made on the use of a "closed form" solution to an idealized model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 18 Oct 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/40242</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOIL MODULI ON STRESSES IN A CIRCULAR TUNNEL LINING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/140372</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this experimental study, charts are presented which can be applied directly in Engineering Departments in the design of tunnels to the evaluation of the influence of the soil on normal stresses on the back and soffit of a circular tunnel lining, taking into account the rigidity of the lining chosen.  ER/ES limit values, from which elastic reactions of the soil need not be taken into consideration, are determined.  The application of simple calculations based on formulae derived by the author in the article entitled: "Calculation of Circular Underground Structures", Ann. I.T.B.T.P., No. 205, 1965, is fully justified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Feb 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/140372</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A SIMPLIFIED SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION MODEL TO INVESTIGATE THE RESPONSE OF BURIED SILOS AND CYLINDERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/138934</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a summary of an approximate soil- structure interaction model applicable to the problem of buried flexible circular tunnels and silos, subjected to air blast induced ground shock. Comparisons of the theory with some experimental results are presented. More complete experimental results have recently been obtained and are currently in the process of being analyzed. Application of the theory to several problems of interest is made, and particular design information evolved from the analysis is indicated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 Nov 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/138934</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DESIGN OF TUNNEL LINING BY MEANS OF A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF MODIFIED FREY-BAER'S CONCEPT FOR DETERMINED ELASTICITY MODULUS OF CONCRETE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/127774</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A NEW METHOD OF DESIGNING NONREINFORCED CONCRETE LINING IS DESCRIBED. THE PROCEDURE IS VALID FOR HYDROTECHNICAL TUNNELS OF CIRCULAR SHAPE, COACTIVATED BY THE ROCK MASS, WHOSE GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES ARE KNOWN. BASED ON THE THEORETICAL STATEMENTS OF FREY-BAER, A SIMPLE MATHEMATICAL FORMULA WAS MADE, ENABLING THE PREPARATION OF NOMOGRAMS. ACCORDINGLY, THE PROCESS AVOIDS THE NECESSITY TO MAKE CALCULATIONS, OFFERING STILL VERY ACCURATE RESULTS. ALL PARAMETERS CAN BE CHANGED HERE. NOMOGRAMS ARE SO PLOTTED THAT A LARGE NUMBER OF RESULTS MAY BE OBTAINED QUICKLY. AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE PROCESS IS CONVENIENT FOR SELECTION OF A MORE ECONOMIC VARIANT OF A TUNNEL REGARDING THE ROCK MASSIF THROUGH WHICH THEY PASS. SIMILAR NOMOGRAMS ARE BEING PREPARED FOR REINFORCED TUNNEL LINING. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 May 1972 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/127774</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DETERMINATION OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION AROUND CIRCULAR TUNNELS USING CONFORMAL MAPPING TECHNIQUE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/127686</link>
      <description><![CDATA[COMPLEX VARIABLES ARE APPLIED TO A SPECIAL STRESS ANALYSIS PROBLEM. THE RESOLVED STATE OF STRESS IS IN AGREEMENT WITH WHAT WOULD BE EXPECTED FROM THE PHYSICAL GEOMETRY OF THE DOMAIN UNDER INVESTIGATION. THE COMPLETE INVESTIGATION IS STUDIED AS A TWO-DIMENSIONAL PLANE STRAIN PROBLEM. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Sep 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/127686</guid>
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