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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Durability design of the Sydney Gateway Project: achieving a 100 year design life in aggressive ground conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306840</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Sydney Gateway Project comprised numerous bridge structures and various other civil assets including retaining walls, drainage, and major signage structures. The Project alignment traversed various exposure environments, each having unique durability issues. The primary exposure environments which were considered from a durability perspective were Tempe Tip where contaminated lands were identified, Alexandra Canal, a saline waterbody and acid sulphate soils which were identified along Qantas drive. Contaminated lands posed a significant durability risk on the Project as elevated levels of ammonia, magnesium, sulphates, and acidic conditions were identified at pile locations. Bridge structures adjacent to Alexandra Canal were exposed to chloride contents equivalent to seawater with chloride ingress identified as the primary form of deterioration for these in-ground elements. While acid sulphate soils were also encountered along the Project which posed significant durability issues to the buried concrete elements. Each exposure environment encountered across the Project posed its own unique durability issues. This paper discusses the various aggressive ground conditions which the bridge structures encountered along the Project alignment and what durability design solutions and protective treatments were implemented to ensure that the design lives are achieved. Suggestions as to how specifications might be improved on such projects going forward are proposed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Dec 2023 14:54:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306840</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Overview of the cyclic response of reinforced concrete members subjected to artificial chloride-induced corrosion</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2145610</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Apr 2023 16:37:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2145610</guid>
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      <title>Corrosion propagation in cracked reinforced concrete, toward determining residual service life</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1703312</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2020 11:56:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1703312</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fuzzy logic for estimating chloride diffusion in concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1538046</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Aug 2018 11:44:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1538046</guid>
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      <title>Realising 100-year design life of bridge structures in an aggressive environment: experimental work</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1440383</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report summarises the results of experiments undertaken to understand the practices required to enable a 100-year design life of bridges in an aggressive environment. The experimental work was informed by an extensive literature review (Austroads 2016) and focussed on concrete durability. The work comprised investigations into concrete deterioration mechanisms and their mitigation, including corrosion of steel reinforcement as influenced by chloride diffusion into concrete, carbonation of concrete, corrosion resistance of stainless steel, alkali-aggregate reaction and sulfate resistance of concrete. The research indicates that the long-term deterioration of concrete ingredients can be avoided and appropriate grades of stainless steel provide very high resistance to chloride-induced corrosion under highly aggressive conditions. Careful selection of materials and appropriate levels of supervision and workmanship in the manufacture of concrete elements and on-site practices could achieve a 100-year design life for bridges in aggressive environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2016 11:51:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1440383</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Realising 100-year bridge design life in an aggressive environment: review of the literature</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1440382</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report details a literature review on durability issues that affect the service life of reinforced concrete structures. The review focused on information from sources within Australia and overseas, including published literature, standards, codes and jurisdiction reports. Recent amendments to test methods, specifications and codes, particularly Section 5.4 (Concrete Durability) of the Australian Standard AS 5100.5 (Bridge Design), are also discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2016 11:51:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1440382</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of cathodic protection impressed currents on AAR expansion of concrete containing reactive aggregates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1401586</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Impressed current cathodic protection (CP) is an effective method of mitigating corrosion damage to chloride-contaminated reinforced concrete structures. This process generates OH ions through the cathodic reaction and increases the OH concentration in the concrete around the steel bars, which can promote AAR when the concrete contains reactive aggregates and cause further expansion and cracking. Laboratory studies in the past two decades, using small concrete specimens and relatively high levels of CP current, have confirmed that CP currents can enhance AAR expansion of concrete. In this study, AAR-affected reinforced columns (300x300x1100 mm), were subjected to three levels of CP (5, 10 and 20 mA/m2), and their expansion monitored. Results show that increasing CP currents caused increased AAR expansion. It is recommended that the AAR susceptibility of the concrete, and consequences of increased expansion, be evaluated before the application of impressed current CP systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Mar 2016 11:48:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1401586</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A resistivity-based approach to indicate chloride permeability of geopolymer concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1394981</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Chloride ion penetration in concrete is one of the major causes of deterioration of reinforced concrete structures by depassivation of reinforcing bars. Since testing of the natural chloride penetration is time consuming, utilising an accelerated test method is more desirable. Surface resistivity (SR) test is increasingly being used, due to its relative speed and ease of performing combined with the nondestructive nature, to assess the permeability of concrete and its resistance to chloride ion penetration. The test has been standardised as AASHTO TP 95 which consists of measuring the resistivity of water-saturated concrete cylinders using a four-pin Wenner probe array. This paper present the results of an experimental investigation on the surface resistivity (SR) of a low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (GPC). SR test results show that the resistivity of GPC samples are very low, this does not necessarily mean that they are having a high level of chloride penetrability since the AASHTO TP 95 limits are only applicable for conventional OPC concrete and not for the GPC. In case of geopolymer concrete, there are a large amount of mobile metallic ions such as Na+ in the pore solution which could probably affect the resistivity test measurements. A further study is required to directly measure the chloride permeability of the GPC such as natural diffusion or ponding test to be able to properly correlate the surface resistivity measurements of GPC to its actual chloride permeability level.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Jan 2016 09:46:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1394981</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Chloride in cement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1353303</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2015 15:55:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1353303</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Inspection of concrete structures for steel reinforcement corrosion</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1194686</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Historically the durability of reinforced concrete in structures has been proved by its widespread successful use in commercial, civil and marine structures.  In recent times, the deterioration of numerous concrete structures has resulted in greater care in design detailing and material selection, more research into various aspects of concrete technology and a demand for assessment of existing structures.  This paper outlines the possible corrosion processes of steel reinforcement in concrete and various inspection techniques that can be utilized to assess the corrosion state of a structure (a).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 14:00:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1194686</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Galvanized reinforcement in concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1194683</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The use of galvanized reinforcement should not be considered simply as an alternative to the provision of an adequate cover of dense impermeable concrete, unless specific design criteria have to be met.  Galvanizing of the reinforcement is a complementary measure of corrosion prevention - a form of insurance against the failure of the concrete mass to isolate and protect the steel (a).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 14:00:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1194683</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Prediction of corrosion of concrete reinforcements under the action of chlorides</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1184959</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 05:29:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1184959</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SHRP evaluates chloride removal systems for corroded bridges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1184174</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 04:52:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1184174</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of NORCURE process for electrochemical chloride removal from steel-reinforced concrete bridge components</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1171095</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The NORCURE process was tried on test slabs, and applied to a portion of the substructure of the Burlington Skyway in Burlington, Ontario.  This report is an analysis of the rate and total amount of chloride removed, the corrosive state of the steel before and after the process, the effects on the concrete, and other aspects of the installations.  Comparisons are made to slabs used in other SHRP research on electrochemical chloride removal and protection of concrete bridge components.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Aug 2012 21:49:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1171095</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>In service performance of epoxy coated steel reinforcement in bridge decks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1167274</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents the results of an investigation conducted in October 1992 on four of Caltrans oldest decks reconstructed with epoxy coated reinforcing steel (ECR).  The decks are located in California's northern mountain region and are subjected to deicing salt application during snow periods. A total of thirty two concrete cores were removed from the decks. Cores were taken at cracks, delaminated areas, and sound regions.  Chloride concentration at the rebar level was obtained for each core, and chloride profiles were developed for the four bridge decks.  ECR segments were examined for coating type and thickness, presence of visible defects (holidays), coating disbondment, and percentage of corrosion.  Of the thirty two cores removed, only eight had ECR segments that experienced corrosion. Corrosion morphology consisted of superficial discoloration of the rebar surface, and/or minor loss of metal section.  Coating disbondment (loss of coating adherence) occurred to some degree in eleven of the thirty two ECR segments. Cracking and delamination in the concrete decks did not appear to be the result of ECR corrosion.  However, of the eight ECR segments that experienced corrosion, five ECR segments removed from cracks, extending to the rebar level, were more corroded. For the bridge decks in this study, ECR meeting Caltrans Standard Specification (52-102B) provided effective corrosion protection for 7 to 10 years of service in California's northern mountain environment.  Drought conditions in existence from 1985 through 1991, however, may have created a less aggressive service environment than could be expected since rainfall, snowfall, and associated deicing salt application were less during that period.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Aug 2012 18:48:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1167274</guid>
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