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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Measuring the Operational Efficiency of the Six Airlines in China</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2282879</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Applying the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) through building the CCR and BCC models with two inputs and two outputs. The authors analyze the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, technique efficiency change, pure technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change and Malmquist productivity index of Chinese major airlines(including Air China, China Eastern, China Southern, Hainan Airlines, Shanghai Airlines and Shandong Airlines) from 2000 to 2004. The research found a lasting decreasing technical efficiency trend in these five years, the Malmquist productivity index fluctuate in the round of 1. Knowing from each year, there are two MPI > 1 and two MPI < 1 in industry; it shows the status that big in both ends and low in the middle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2024 13:45:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2282879</guid>
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      <title>Understanding airline price dispersion in the presence of high-speed rail</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1710200</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the price dispersion among China's “Big Three”, namely, Air China, China Eastern and China Southern in the presence of high-speed rail (HSR). It has been found that HSR is positively and significantly associated with airline price dispersion on the long-haul routes, which may suggest that the presence of HSR can facilitate airline cooperation in setting prices and outputs, thereby leading to greater price dispersion. However, on the short-haul routes where HSR is highly substitutable, the HSR competition effect dominates, and smaller price dispersion is observed. All the market structure and competition variables included in this study support the conclusion that price dispersion is greater in more concentrated and more densely travelled markets. The contribution of airline cost to price dispersion is limited.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2020 11:21:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1710200</guid>
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      <title>Evaluating Competitiveness Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Case Study of Chinese Airlines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1278041</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article reports on a case study of the Chinese aviation industry, focusing on competitiveness.  The authors propose fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to use for resolving the uncertainty and imprecision in the evaluation of airlines' competitiveness.  The authors first present a review of the relevant research on industrial international aviation competitiveness, then discuss a theoretical framework for the study of aviation competitiveness.  They establish an index system with five first-order indicators and 17 second-order indicators, set up a Chinese aviation competitiveness model based on simple fuzzy numbers from the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and use their model to evaluate the competitiveness of five major Chinese airlines: Air China, China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Hainan Airlines, and Shanghai Airlines. The authors propose and consider 7 aviation competitiveness factors:  cost, efficiency of asset operations, scale of production and operation, brand, service, main factors of production, and cultural factors. They conclude that this approach is effective and useful, particularly when subjective judgments on performance ratings and attribute weights are not accessible or reliable. However, additional refinements are necessary because data on the airlines can be difficult to collect and thus incomplete.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jan 2014 14:30:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1278041</guid>
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      <title>The effects of risk perception and flight experience on airline pilots’ locus of control with regard to safety operation behaviors</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1253024</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The primary objective of this paper was to integrate two research traditions, social cognition approach and individual state approach, and to understand the relationships between locus of control (LOC), risk perception, flight time, and safety operation behavior (SOB) among Chinese airline pilots. The study sample consisted of 193 commercial airline pilots from China Southern Airlines Ltd. The results showed that internal locus of control directly affected pilot safety operation behavior. Risk perception seemed to mediate the relationship between locus of control and safety operation behaviors, and total flight time moderated internal locus of control. Thus, locus of control primarily influences safety operation behavior indirectly by affecting risk perception. The total effect of internal locus of control on safety behaviors is larger than that of external locus of control. Furthermore, the safety benefit of flight experience is more pronounced among pilots with high internal loci of control in the early and middle flight building stages. Practical implications for aviation safety and directions for future research are also discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jul 2013 09:54:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1253024</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Market Conduct of the Three Busiest Airline Routes in China</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1251574</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper studies the market conduct of the three busiest routes dominated by the three largest airlines in China. The competition strategies of the three largest Chinese carriers are found to be different from each other. In general, the market behavior of Air China is consistent with that described in the Cournot solution. Both China Southern Airlines and China Eastern Airlines demonstrate competitive behaviors somewhere between Bertrand and Cournot. However, the former is closer to Cournot, whereas the latter is closer to Bertrand. The authors find that the Cournot model seems consistent with the competition between China Eastern Airlines and Air China. Their results suggest that Stackelberg competition develops with China Eastern Airlines as the leader and China Southern Airlines as the follower. They also find that China Eastern Airlines adopts a low-price strategy to compete for market share. Due to its lowest costs, Air China earns the highest profits among the three airlines. The authors also find that the competition among the three carriers becomes more intense over time.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jun 2013 09:22:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1251574</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The effects of China's airline mergers on prices</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/901850</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper looks at the effects of some of the recent airline mergers in China. Overall, no significant airfare increases are found in a sample of markets served by the merged China Eastern and China Southern after 2002; indeed in most of the markets directly affected airfares declined. This was despite the absence of antitrust laws and enforcement over the period. However, market power was possibly exercised after the mergers in China Eastern's hub-to-hub networks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 09:25:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/901850</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Attitude Adjustment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/849764</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this article the authors discuss the shift in business strategy for major air carriers whose bases of operations are found in China. This shift has gone from conservative in terms of forming organizational alliances to open to greater levels of cooperation. This move was at least in part allowed for by the country’s increasing compliance with international standards, thus allowing for better competitiveness in the market. One major shift in strategy that has yet to take place for airlines based in China is to switch from a point-to-point networking plan to the vastly more efficient hub network. The article explains that, by using hubs, carriers based in the U.S. maintain a 60 percent market share as well as larger profit margins. A number of business propositions including mergers and buy-outs as well as projections for the expansion of this group of carriers are described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Feb 2008 09:08:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/849764</guid>
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      <title>China's Big Three : the road to a Super PRC carrier?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/838514</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Oct 2007 13:31:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/838514</guid>
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      <title>The Operational Impacts of Government Restructuring of the Airline Industry</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/789939</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 2001, the 10 state-owned air carriers in China were consolidated into three groups, headed by Air China, China Eastern, and China Southern.  As part of this consolidation mandate, the Civil Aviation Administration of China yielded its management control of air carriers and was required to divest itself of assets held in many of the state-owned airlines and its interests in more than 120 airports around China.  This study investigates the operational impacts of this industry restructuring using data from the International Civil Aviation Organization for 2003 and 2004. The relative operational efficiency of Air China, China Eastern, and China Southern is compared to a sample of Asian, European and United States flag carriers. Data envelopment analysis is utilized to derive operational efficiency scores for individual airlines. The underlying structural drivers of efficiency are then investigated via a tobit analysis.  Findings show that all three Chinese airlines are below the sample average in some important operational management areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Sep 2006 10:37:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/789939</guid>
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      <title>Yin and Yang: For Students of China's Rapidly Growing but Often Puzzling Airline Industry, at Least Two Developments During 2005 Needed No E.explanation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/778533</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes and interprets recent events in China that are expected to have an effect on the country's airline industry.  These events include elections in Taiwan favoring reunification, which may pave the way for unrestricted direct flights between Taiwan and China. In addition, railway expansion and the decision to allow trains to travel at ever-higher speeds will affect air transportation. And, despite a government-ordered freeze on approvals for new aircraft orders, a record number of airplanes were ordered by Chinese airlines.  Some of these occurrences signal differing policy objectives of China's airline industry regulator, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), and the government. While encouraging private investment in the airline sector, the government continues to control major aspects of the business including aircraft ordering, fare-setting, service levels and route selection. The article also provides thumbnail sketches of established airline companies and start-ups.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Apr 2006 07:35:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/778533</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Chinese carriers hit by fuel cost rises</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/773449</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2006 15:28:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/773449</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>China's Big Three -- the rise of competition</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/766816</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Nov 2005 15:41:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/766816</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CHINA SOUTHERN INVESTS HEAVILY TO MEET BOOMING PASSENGER AND FREIGHT DEMAND</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/346846</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/346846</guid>
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