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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Assessing port resilience to climate change in Asia: A comparative analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704294</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Playing pivotal roles in the regional development of Asia, coastal ports in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) and Southeast Asia (SEA) also suffer from serious threats caused by climate change events, e.g., typhoons, heavy rains. Aiming at assessing and analysing port resilience in these two regions, this research develops Objective Oriented Bayesian networks via the integration of expert explication and noisy-or approaches from over 100 experts. A comprehensive analysis incorporating sensitivity analysis and scenario simulation is utilized to figure out the key variables affecting port resilience in different dimensions, as well as their exact influence degree. Further, a comparison analysis is conducted on the obtained results, which is able to reveal the similarities and differences between the GBA and SEA regions. Practically, this research provides insightful suggestions for coastal authorities in these two regions to enhance the port resilience capacities and ensure stable port systems against potential climate change, e.g., the formulation of specific regulations targeting on key areas, advices to promote regional cooperation between GBA and SEA.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Aug 2026 17:07:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704294</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A Probabilistic Digital Twin Model for Inland Waterway Transportation Systems Using Bayesian Networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2579491</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Resilience-centric Smart, Green, Networked EU Inland Waterways (ReNEW) is a Horizons Europe project that aims to address IWT systems’ dynamicity, heterogeneity, and complexity as well as to develop strategies for making IWT systems smarter, greener, more sustainable, and climate-resilient. A Digital Twin (DT) is a powerful tool for modelling the complexity and interdependencies of complex systems, such as IWT systems. Data in digital twins can be represented by knowledge graphs (KG), which efficiently store information in a structured way and capture the complexity of the real world. Ontology-based knowledge graphs capture all entities within IWT systems hierarchically, allowing humans and machines to easily interpret and analyse the data. This paper introduces the concept of creating a probabilistic digital twin using Bayesian networks to account for uncertainty and forecast how the IWT system will respond to predicted and unexpected events. A Bayesian Network is a probabilistic graphical representation that combines expert belief alongside sensor data to model the relationship between the system’s entities. As the evidence changes, the model is updated to provide more accurate results. Risk and safety analyses are then performed to assess the reliability of IWT infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Aug 2026 17:07:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2579491</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Aviation climate impact and opportunities for mitigation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2752068</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Climate impact from aviation is an ever-growing concern, driven by the continued increase in air traffic and associated emissions. The climate impact extends beyond carbon dioxide (CO2), with non-CO2 emissions and contrail formation together constituting a substantial share of the sector's total anthropogenic radiative forcing. This thesis develops methods to evaluate the different contributions to aviation-induced climate impact, with particular emphasis on non-CO2 effects. It then describes the metrics used to compare emissions with fundamentally different characteristics. Mitigation pathways aimed at reducing aviation's overall climate footprint are evaluated. Special focus is placed on contrails, which represent a highly variable but potentially dominant component of aviation's climate impact and offer opportunities for mitigation through targeted operational measures. The climate impact of Swedish aviation is assessed and attributed to individual emission species, highlighting the significant contribution of non-CO2 effects and the strong spatial, temporal, and seasonal variability of contrail formation. The results indicate that a relatively small subset of flights is responsible for a disproportionate share of contrail-induced warming, suggesting that selective contrail avoidance strategies could yield substantial climate benefits with limited operational disruption and cost. In addition to operational measures, this thesis investigates technological solutions, with a detailed analysis of the Water Enhanced Turbofan (WET) engine concept, which has been proposed as a means to reduce fuel burn as well as emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and contrails. The performance and thermodynamic constraints of the WET engine are evaluated, showing that installation effects may offset its previously predicted advantages. Overall, the findings in this thesis underscore the importance of addressing non-CO2 effects in aviation climate assessments and demonstrate that both targeted operational strategies and careful evaluation of emerging technologies are essential for achieving meaningful reductions in the sector's climate impact.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 2026 08:36:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2752068</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Navigating climate risks in rail transport : weather impacts, governance challenges, and climate adaptation approaches</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2752037</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Railways play an important role in the energy transition by offering a low-carbon, energy-efficient means of transporting goods, people, and services. However, this role is increasingly at risk as extreme weather events associated with a changing climate grow in severity and frequency, compounded by uncertainties in future climate conditions. This thesis aims to advance the understanding of climate adaptation processes, using the railway sector in the Swedish context as a lens. By employing an interdisciplinary and mixed-methods approach, I address this aim through six research articles. Paper I quantifies the impact of weather on railway disruptions, while Paper II quantified the impacts of weather on railway infrastructure. Paper III explores past research trends on the effects of flooding on railway infrastructure. Paper IV builds upon the Dynamic Adaptive Pathways Planning approach to explore approaches to climate adaptation and the barriers and opportunities to more dynamic adaptation. Paper V utilises interviews to explore the barriers to the implementation of climate adaptation in Sweden. Finally, Paper VI builds upon interviews to understand climate adaptation efforts in Japan, offering an international perspective on climate adaptation approaches and governance. The research findings indicate that adverse weather conditions - particularly high snow depth, low temperatures, and high wind speeds - currently have the greatest impact on Swedish railway operations and infrastructure, with track assets being the most impacted. Due to climate change, impacts are expected to shift towards those associated with high temperatures and increased rainfall, raising the likelihood of flooding and heat-related faults. Governance challenges - including legislation, resources, prioritisation, and knowledge - hinder climate adaptation. Lessons from climate adaptation approaches highlight the importance of dynamic approaches, underpinning climate adaptation with other domains such as disaster risk reduction and integrating both structural and non-structural measures to support long-term resilience in the railway sector.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 2026 08:35:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2752037</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Humidity: A hidden driver of toxic emissions and asphalt decay in a changing climate</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2700619</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Amid climate change and extreme weather, non-tailpipe air pollution from asphalt surfaces significantly contributes to urban air pollution. This study integrates laboratory experiments, field data, and computational modeling to show that humidity is a key driving factor that increases polar VOC emissions from asphalt by up to 46% when relative humidity rises from near-dry conditions (RH < 0.1%) to humid conditions (50% RH) at 50 °C. These VOCs also form SOAs, posing health and environmental risks. FTIR, MD simulations, and DFT calculations reveal that humid conditions enhance VOC–water interactions at the asphalt surface, increasing the abundance of oxygenated functional groups and hydrophilicity. This, combined with solar radiation, accelerates surface degradation through a self-reinforcing cycle. Analyzing a dataset of over 5000 observations from 1400 U.S. road segments spanning more than three decades, we develop a panel model that highlights the interaction between humidity range and solar exposure in accelerating asphalt deterioration. The nonlinear humidity term is statistically significant (p = 0.024), and the humidity–sunshine interaction is strongly positive (p < 0.001). Results highlight humidity's critical role in both degradation and emissions, emphasizing the need to explicitly consider humidity and its interaction with solar radiation in climate-resilient pavement design and air quality management strategies.The Hidden Role of Humidity in Increasing Toxic VOC Emissions and Accelerating Asphalt Pavement Deterioration.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2026 09:34:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2700619</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Does public debt hinder transport decarbonization? Theoretical analysis and empirical evidence</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2737793</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transport CO₂ emissions have become one of the fastest-growing sources of global greenhouse gases, posing a major challenge to sustainable development. This study examines whether, and under what conditions, public debt supports or hinders transport-sector decarbonization. We extend the debt-environment model to the transport sector, demonstrating a nonlinear U-shaped long-run relationship between public debt and transport CO₂ emissions, and test it using a panel CS-ARDL approach for 31 economies from 2000 to 2021. The empirical results support a nonlinear U-shaped long-run relationship between public debt and transport CO₂ emissions. Additionally, transport-related climate change mitigation technologies and environmental taxes significantly reduce emissions, suggesting their potential as effective strategies for transport decarbonization. Heterogeneity analysis reveals lower debt thresholds for low-growth and politically unstable economies. Overall, by integrating fiscal and transport sustainability within a unified theoretical framework, this study provides novel evidence and practical policy insights for designing debt-sustainable, climate-aligned transport strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2026 09:23:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2737793</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Spatiotemporal response of urban bike-sharing ridership to weather, air quality, and future climate change in major U.S. cities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2725358</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bike-sharing systems have become an essential component of sustainable urban transport, yet the resilience of system usage to changing environmental conditions remains insufficiently understood. This study provides a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of how weather and air quality influence bike-sharing ridership across five major U.S. cities between 2020 and 2024, and how these dynamics may evolve under future climate scenarios. Using generalized additive models, we reveal that primary weather variables mathematically dominate cycling decisions: ridership peaks around 20–25°C, while precipitation consistently suppresses usage. Conversely, air quality exerts a much weaker, secondary influence characterized by a behavioral dichotomy. Invisible, routine pollutants like ozone act as spurious proxies for pleasant weather, whereas physically perceptible hazards—such as acute wildfire smoke in San Francisco—can trigger sharp declines in usage. Hot spot analyses further show that environmental stress dynamically reconfigures spatial activity, driving a “climatic refuge” effect where cycling shifts toward waterfronts during extreme heat. Projecting these sensitivities forward, we show that future warming will enhance annual cycling suitability, particularly in seasonally cold cities, by reducing prohibitive winter days. Collectively, these results provide an integrated framework for understanding micromobility resilience, highlighting that urban cyclists respond primarily to immediate sensory environments rather than abstract health metrics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 09:30:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2725358</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reliability Assessment of a Multi-response Bridge System Considering Climate Change Effects on Wind and Wave Loads</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2687102</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study proposes a novel reliability analysis framework to efficiently evaluate the long-term reliability of multi-response structures under climate change. In this framework, an error-controlled multi-input-multi-output surrogate model is developed based on a support vector regression method, which can propagate uncertainties of structural parameters to responses with satisfactory accuracy while minimising computational costs. By integrating the copula theory and reliability assessment method, the multi-response failure probability is derived, considering both correlations between responses and uncertainties of performance thresholds. In addition, future data on wind climate are collected to account for climate change, and a neural network model is trained using historical and simulated data to predict future wave heights. The framework is then applied to a long-span cable-stayed and suspension bridge system as a case study. Analysis results demonstrate that a comprehensive multi-responses reliability analysis, which considers correlations between responses, can reflect the overall fragility of structures and prevent the underestimation of structural risk. Though the trends in structural failure probabilities vary depending on the climate model, climate change significantly influences structural risk assessment. This study provides a novel perspective for the structural reliability assessment of complex structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 09:23:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2687102</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The impact of climate change on a large industrial winter road operation in Northern Canada</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694700</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Winter roads are essential seasonal transportation routes for communities and industries in sub-arctic regions; however, their operational viability is threatened by climate change. Canada has the longest winter road in the world, the Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road (TCWR). This paper uses Freezing Degree Days (FDD) as a key indicator for the opening dates and the cumulative downward surface thermal radiation for the closing dates of the TCWR. By analysing changes in temperature and cumulative downward surface thermal radiation, we observe alterations in the opening and closing dates, ultimately shortening the operational period of the TCWR. A shortened operational period will lead to no viable operations by 2080 and the disappearance of the TCWR before the end of the 21st century. With the TCWR gone, there will be a significant social and economic impact on the region, resulting in job losses and a contraction in GDP in Canada’s Northwest Territories.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 10:07:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694700</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Machine Learning–Based Assessment of Permafrost Degradation along the Inuvik–Tuktoyaktuk Highway</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2697832</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Climate change is one of the biggest concerns of the current era. This problem is more evident in northern parts of the Earth and communities with colder temperatures and large ice reservoirs. In Arctic communities, permafrost lies beneath infrastructure subgrades, and its degradation leads to significant structural distress and infrastructure settlement. The roads constructed in these regions, such as the Inuvik–Tuktoyaktuk Highway (ITH), are the main and easiest transport routes that provide communities their supplies and connect them to vital services and amenities. This research was conducted in 2019, after construction of ITH, to study changes in the structure of the road and the performance of this arterial route. Continuous environmental data collection in the test section provided the study with enough data to use machine learning to predict this change and provide insights for future design and development, as well as to warn the officials of future distress. Based on the results of this research, permafrost is continually decreasing in the region and exposing the ITH to unprecedented rutting, depressions, and potholes along the way. The permafrost table was determined to be 180 cm in 2019 and is forecast to deepen by 35–55 cm in 2044. The increase in soil temperature at a depth of 235 cm is expected to be approximately 0.2°C based on forecasts using generalized linear regression (GLR) and up to 0.7°C using artificial neural network (ANN) methods by 2044. At a shallower depth of 40 cm, this corresponds to an estimated rise of about 2.9°C (GLR) to 2.2°C (ANN). Additionally, among the machine learning methods used, ANN showed the best fit to the data predicted in this study.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Jul 2026 09:16:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2697832</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Conceptual Framework to Assess the Influence of Weather on Transport Sustainability in the Indian Context</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2579451</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper presents a concept for designing an assessment framework to capture the influence of weather on travel behaviour and transport-associated footprint. The primary objective of the work was to create a platform to enable the development of adaptive strategies and policies to enhance the resilience and sustainability of transportation systems in the face of climate change. The investigative process proposed in the study is twofold. Initially, it focuses on understanding the mode choice behaviour of commuters, and afterwards, it demonstrates the technique to capture transport-associated footprint. A novel integration of grey theory with the advanced analytic hierarchy process helped design a sophisticated approach to analysing mode choices, enhancing travel efficiency. Besides, the study proposes a method to rationally capture the transport footprint and the impacts of accelerated footprints on the sustainability of transport infrastructure. The study highlights the necessity of calibrating and sensitising the method using field data-based experiments to enhance accuracy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 11:16:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2579451</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Towards Climate-Resilient and Low-Carbon Transport Infrastructure: A Circular Economy Perspective through Bibliometric Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2714084</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The transport sector is a major contributor to carbon emissions and is increasingly exposed to climate-related disruptions, creating an urgent need for infrastructure that is both low-carbon and resilient. This study provides a bibliometric synthesis of Scopus-indexed journal literature (1967–2025; n = 6,367) to map how circular economy (CE) research intersects with decarbonization and climate resilience in transport infrastructure. Using VOSviewer science-mapping, we analyze publication and citation evolution, leading outlets and countries, and thematic structures based on keyword co-occurrence and term clustering. Results show accelerated growth after 2015, reflecting alignment with global sustainability agendas and the rapid expansion of CE-related transport research. The thematic landscape is organized around four interlinked domains: (i) technological innovation and system optimization, (ii) energy, emissions, and environmental assessment, (iii) infrastructure durability and material performance, and (iv) socio-behavioral and policy dimensions. Cross-country patterns indicate that some nations achieve high impact with lower volume due to concentrated contributions in highly cited, policy-relevant research and strong international collaboration networks. Overall, the study consolidates research streams that are often examined separately and identifies actionable directions for policy design, infrastructure planning, and future research on circular, low-carbon, and climate-resilient transport systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 11:16:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2714084</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Advanced air mobility in the UAE: Climate-resilient risk and reliability of UAVs versus traditional couriers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720767</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) promises to revolutionize urban freight using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), but its large-scale deployment depends on trade-offs between efficiency, reliability, and system readiness. This study develops the first unified techno-economic framework to assess the resilience of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) against traditional couriers under extreme climatic conditions. The framework integrates reliability modeling, transport-economic analysis, and a novel Operational Integration Index that combines route efficiency, interoperability, and infrastructure readiness. Monte Carlo simulations and global sensitivity analysis, calibrated with seasonal UAE climate data, reveal that UAVs deliver 29.8% faster than trucks, but UAV reliability degrades from 0.954 in January to 0.881 in August, consistently below traditional couriers (0.990 to 0.917). The UAV performance index is substantially lower than that of traditional couriers across all seasonal scenarios, ranging from 0.28 in January to 0.22 in August compared with a truck range of 0.95 to 0.65, while the Operational Integration Index also remains lower for UAVs (0.288 vs. 0.421). Seasonal Spearman rank correlations reveal that dominant performance drivers rotate across climate phases: wind speed governs UAV performance in January (ρ=-0.755), temperature in March (ρ=-0.657), and humidity in August (ρ=-0.689), while temperature remains the primary constraint for traditional couriers. Sandstorms were found to have a negligible impact on both delivery modes under scheduled operational conditions. These findings provide an interdisciplinary transportation perspective by linking engineering performance, economic viability, operational integration, and regulatory readiness to support the sustainable integration of Advanced Air Mobility into urban logistics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2026 09:49:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720767</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The New Mexico DOT Research and Climate Bureau Library Update: Welcome to the Story of Our Reopening! [video]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2724652</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The New Mexico Department of Transportation re-opened its library in 2025 after being closed for several years. Speaker and solo librarian Amy Boggess shares an overview of the Research and Climate Bureau building that houses the library, the history and timeline of the library’s closing and re-opening, and progress made in establishing the new era of the library while operating in a multi-use space.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2026 13:34:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2724652</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Handbook for the Development of Air Transport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2721755</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Air transport is a critical enabler of national and global economic integration, connecting people, goods, and markets across developing and advanced economies alike. Yet among transport generalists, government officials, civil service professionals, and development practitioners, there remains a significant gap in understanding the complex institutional, regulatory, financial, and operational dimensions of the aviation sector. This Handbook addresses that gap by providing a concise yet comprehensive guide to the foundational principles of air transport, with particular relevance to developing and emerging markets where the World Bank Group is most active. The Handbook takes a top-down approach to the air transport system, beginning with national aviation policy frameworks — including air transport development strategies, political-economy considerations, and states' obligations under international commitments. It examines civil aviation regulations and oversight, introducing the international standards and recommended practices established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the requirements for enabling legislation, the role of civil aviation authorities, and the expectations of State Safety and State Security Programs. Subsequent chapters address the finance and economics of air transport, covering competition policy, access rights, air service agreements, open skies policies, and demand forecasting for both passengers and freight. The Handbook explores the revenue structures of airlines, airports, and air navigation service providers, including the setting of fees and levies, as well as corporate governance, oversight and compliance, infrastructure, business development, and operational management across these key sub-sectors. The Handbook also covers the regulatory and operational dimensions of environmental impact management, including noise, emissions, and water pollution, and discusses the sector's broader implications for climate change — including the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), the Airports Council International Airport Carbon Accreditation Programme, and aviation's contributions to Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Emerging issues such as aviation decarbonization, sustainable aviation fuels, and new technologies including unmanned aerial vehicles are examined through the lens of developing country contexts. Drawing on lessons from the World Bank Group's extensive sector engagements, the Handbook is designed as an authoritative reference for development and sector professionals in government and the private sector, as well as World Bank staff seeking to frame complex technical, regulatory, and policy challenges in air transport provision. It has been developed with input from key partner organizations, including the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Air Transport Association, and Airports Council International, to ensure alignment with global standards and good practice.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 08:51:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2721755</guid>
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