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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>A climate model-based long-term capacity forecast of the Northern Sea Route</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2657992</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article estimates the future transit capacity of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) in consideration of the ice navigation capabilities of the world fleet and the escort capacity of the current and planned Russian icebreakers. The work employs two different storyline simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to account for the future development of sea ice extent and thickness between 2024 and 2050. In both simulations, the transit traffic is expected to remain seasonal and highly dependent on limited icebreaking capacity, affecting the potential of liner shipping in particular. In the analyzed simulations, the current and estimated maximum transit capacity of the NSR significantly exceeds currently realized transport volumes, confirming prior assumptions that volumes on the route are not a capacity issue but are instead mostly caused by a lack of time savings, poor economic viability, and navigational safety concerns.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:32:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2657992</guid>
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      <title>What role for aviation in climate policy?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2689357</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents an economic analysis of the reduction of carbon emissions in the aviation sector. Aviation and shipping are both international and have high carbon abatement costs so both sectors can learn from each other. To what extent should we prioritize emission reductions in the aviation sector and what is the best way to do this. Climate change is a world public bad, and this results in too low mitigation efforts when countries pursue their own objectives. Pledges in the framework of international agreements like the Paris agreement for domestic aviation and the Corsia agreement for international aviation are unlikely to produce their full effects because the agreements are not enforceable. The effectiveness of three policy levers is examined in more detail. First, the European climate policy with the SAF blending mandate and the integration of domestic aviation in the European economy wide tradable emission system. Second the effectiveness of the Corsia agreement. Third, the possibilities of a fuel efficiency mandate imposed by the EU and or the US on their domestic aircraft producer.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:31:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2689357</guid>
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      <title>Best Practice Child-and Youth-Friendly Cities Development of an Integrated and Comprehensive Framework through a Systematic Review</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686165</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Creating a city that prioritizes the needs of children and youth is crucial for sustainable urban development. This paper reviews and explores best practices from international experiences excelling in Transportation Safety, Mobility, Accessibility, Sustainability, Climate Change, Inclusivity, 6 Es Approach, and Youth Empowerment and proposes an integrated and comprehensive framework for the establishment of the best practice child-and youth-friendly cities that would contribute to enhancing the safety of young people. The practices were assessed using predefined evaluation criteria to identify gaps, and then the elements and the requirements of the integrated and comprehensive framework were determined to bridge the identified gaps. An intensive review of 13 practices revealed that most studies (10 out of 13) fully considered Inclusivity and partly considered the 6 Es Approach criteria. However, the least considered criteria were Transportation Safety, Mobility, Climate change and Youth Empowerment. Interestingly, among all studies, only one considered Climate Change. The study concludes that future studies should incorporate underrepresented areas to bridge gaps. It emphasizes that local governments should prioritize child-and youth-friendly initiatives, adhering to human and child rights principles and recognized standards like the UNICEF Local Governance Approach. The study also highlights the importance of fostering meaningful participation from youth and children, focusing on capacity building, and committing to non-discrimination. Finally, it calls for clear roles and responsibilities for local governments, partnerships with public and private sectors, and regular monitoring and assessment to ensure the sustainability and success of these initiatives.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:29:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686165</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Transport and Climate Change: New Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2670828</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This book surveys the impact of the transportation sector on accelerated climate change and the main solutions that have been proposed over the years to address the problem. The examples of these solutions include, but are not limited to, emission reduction targets, electrification of the transportation sector, elimination of vehicles with traditional fossil fuel engines, renewable energy sources, and introduction of emission control measures. Some of these solutions are quite difficult to implement due to the associated costs. Certain approaches may seem rather ambitious and need more thorough assessment. Urban areas are substantially impacted by greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector. Global warming and rapid urbanization are all contributing factors that heighten the likelihood of compound extreme weather events. As climate change events become more frequent and intense, communities around the world become increasingly vulnerable due to their everyday dependence on transportation systems. The book presents innovative mitigation and adaptation strategies that reduce the future effects of climate change resulting from the transportation sector and promote adaptive transport systems to minimize human as well as economic losses caused by climate change. The new strategies are inspired by intelligent supply chain management solutions, transportation network operational alternatives, and sustainability-driven interdisciplinary approaches. The book emphasizes low-risk and high-payoff solutions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 16:04:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2670828</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Optimum Locations for the Benefits of Green Infrastructure (GI) on the NMDOT Transportation System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720101</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study was initiated to assist the New Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT) in identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing locations across the state where green infrastructure (GI) can be strategically implemented to address pressing roadway maintenance challenges and growing climate-related vulnerabilities. As New Mexico experiences increasing variability in precipitation patterns—ranging from prolonged droughts to intense, short-duration storms—transportation infrastructure is facing greater risks from flooding, erosion, sedimentation, and vegetation overgrowth or undergrowth. Climate change could also accelerate the emergence of new exotic plant species or create more favorable conditions for exotic species that are already established within the state. These issues result in repeated maintenance interventions, increased costs, and disruptions to roadway performance and safety. Green infrastructure offers an effective, nature-based approach to enhance roadway resilience while providing co-benefits for water quality, habitat connectivity, and long-term cost savings. Unlike conventional "gray" infrastructure, GI techniques such as bioswales, vegetated sponges, sediment basins, and check dams are designed to mimic natural hydrologic processes. When implemented appropriately, GI can reduce surface runoff, stabilize soils, manage sediment, and decrease the frequency and severity of drainage-related failures. These functions are especially important in New Mexico’s arid and semi-arid landscapes, where high-intensity rainfall can rapidly overwhelm traditional drainage systems and accelerate degradation of roadside features. This work addresses NMDOT’s growing need to integrate GI into the early stages of project planning and design, particularly within the agency’s right-of-way (ROW). Proactive identification of high-opportunity GI locations allows NMDOT to align infrastructure investments with environmental performance, maintenance reduction, and regulatory compliance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 17:05:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720101</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The impact of carbon emissions on firm performance in the global transportation sector</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2684309</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the impact of carbon emissions on firm performance in the global transportation sector, utilizing data from 2002 to 2022. We explore both absolute carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity, considering firm performance from both market-based and accounting perspectives. The findings suggest that carbon emission intensity negatively influences long-term market valuation (Tobin's Q), while both carbon emissions and intensity positively affect return on assets and stock returns. This implies that managers tend to prioritize short-term profitability over long-term sustainability, which supports the managerial myopia hypothesis. We also investigate the moderating effects of carbon taxes and product market competition on the relationship between carbon emissions and firm performance. The results suggest that these mechanisms are insufficient to incentivize substantial reductions in carbon emissions. Furthermore, we find that carbon emission intensity can prompt managers to implement related policies, but these efforts have not yet translated into measurable impacts on firm performance. The findings imply that stronger regulatory frameworks and stakeholder pressures are required to align the transportation sector with global net-zero targets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 17:02:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2684309</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Improving the Uptake of Climate Change Adaptation in the Decision-Making Processes of Road Authorities; Output of the ICARUS Project</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671836</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The integration of climate change and resilience considerations into the decision-making processes of National Road Administrations (NRAs) represents a delicate balancing act between ambition and pragmatism. A critical question is how to establish and execute a decision case for resilience through adaptation, finding equilibrium between service level requirements for the road network and the costs and benefits associated with enhancing resilience. The ICARUS project, funded by the Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR) emphasizes the importance of striking the right balance between service levels and costs, analogous to the mythologic figure Icarus flying neither too high nor too low. While European NRAs acknowledge the impact of climate change on their assets and operations, the full integration of adaptation strategies remains a formidable challenge. The ICARUS project aims to bridge this gap by advancing the state of the art in climate change resilience assessments, impact evaluation, cost-benefit assessments, and the implementation of nature-based solutions, while providing practical guidance on how to use these methods for building the decision case and use in the daily processes of road authorities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671836</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Irish Rail Coastal Resilience and Their Response to a Changing Climate and Increased Coastal Erosion</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671827</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The impacts of coastal erosion from Dublin to Wicklow are increasingly evident with beaches and cliffs being lost on an annual basis, threatening parts of the east coast railway line. This rate of coastal loss is projected to increase in line with sea level rise with the railway becoming more vulnerable to coastal hazards. In 2017, Iarnród Éireann began to assess the locations along this railway line that are vulnerable to the effects of climate change and the anticipated increase in maintenance required. The outputs framed the current East Coast Railway Infrastructure Protection Projects (ECRIPP), which was established to deliver enhanced coastal protection to the existing railway infrastructure. Iarnród Éireann and their multi-disciplinary consultant Jacobs, were tasked with creating resilience for these critical sections of rail line. A series of engineering measures to provide climate change resilience were identified. These measures were then reviewed by away of a bespoke multi-criteria analysis to identify those that were most effective to achieve resilience to the railway up to 2100. This paper outlines the process being led by Iarnród Éireann to protect this key sustainable public transport corridor from the effects of climate change in order to support future Greenhouse Gas Emissions reduction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671827</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Transport Network Planning and Analysis Decision-Support Tool for South Asia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671824</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A versatile tool is being developed to support climate resilience investment planning in the transport sector for South Asian countries. The tool utilizes readily available datasets, incorporates rapid hazard mapping, integrates multiple infrastructure modelling perspectives, combines methods of varying sophistication, and facilitates large-scale assessment of socio-economic indicators. It has been designed to offer a tailored decision-making experience, accommodating different strategic risk management priorities, decision styles, and risk appetites. Applicable to diverse geographical regions and hazard environments, it aids in identifying vulnerability hotspots within a transport network, enabling prioritized interventions. It also assists in estimating climate adaptation funds, analyzing post-disaster network performance, and planning for redundancies. Ultimately, it supports users in planning network-level upgrades for climate resilience, while minimizing the expected losses and ensuring cost-efficiency in the decision-making process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671824</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Review of Tools and Guidance for Undertaking Climate Change Risk Assessments for the Transport Sector in Britain</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671821</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper provides a review of resources available for undertaking climate change risk assessments for the transport sector in Britain. The authors undertook research to identify tools and guidance currently available, and used by, all parts of the British transport sector in assessing the risks from climate change to transport infrastructure and operations. Through gathering evidence, expert opinion, and stakeholder engagement a comprehensive list was prepared that covered both physical and transition risks to transport. The review was undertaken in March–July 2023. The authors are aware this is a fast-moving area and anticipate that new tools and guidance may be available at the time of publication. No one tool or guidance was identified that provided output that could be considered best practice for all transport sectors (rail, highways, aviation and ports). However, this paper lays out which items are potentially useful for British transport organisations at different stages and levels of maturity. The paper also highlights where there are gaps in the understanding, usage or existence of tools and guidance and provides recommendations on how these gaps may be filled.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671821</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Railway Assets Resilience to Climate Change Application of the Smarter and Faster Adaptation EU Strategy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671817</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Despite the global will to limit the rise in temperature to 1.5 °C [1], the devastating effects of climate change are obvious. Climate change is a fact and last IPCC assessment report [2] confirms that global warming will continue to increase over the coming decades. It will bring with it all kinds of risks: more frequent extreme weather events such as heatwaves, droughts, or floods, to coastal erosion due to rising sea levels. The impacts will affect every human activity. Railway is one of them, and as it is one of the best solutions to dramatically reduce GHG emitted by transportation [3], making it resilient is crucial .The work presented is a part of the European research project for a sustainable rail system, Europe’s Rail flagship project #4 named Rail4EARTH. The four-year project started in December 2022. This paper presents the research undertaken as part of WP2 (Work Package 2) Adaptation to Climate Change (ACC), which aims to increase the resilience of the European railway system to the current and future climate conditions. The method is to implement the EU adaptation strategy [4] to the railway sector, structured at this stage around its two first objectives ‘Smarter adaptation’ and ‘Faster adaptation’. Railway operators, infrastructures managers, train manufacturers will bring their expertise and experiences to the project: SNCF (France - Leader), ADIF (Spain), ALSTOM (France), PKP (Poland), Trafikverket (Sweden). Regarding ‘Smarter adaptation’, the objective is to develop knowledge on climate change adaptation related to the railway assets design in order to make them resilient to the predicted climate scenarios for the coming decades, as their life duration ranges from 40 years (trains) to 100 years (infrastructure). Concerning ‘Faster adaptation’, some geographical areas in the World are certainly currently facing the future climate conditions of Europe: the technical solutions already implemented for railway activities will be benchmarked.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671817</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Developing a Risk Assessment Methodology for Analyzing the Resilience of Railway Assets to Climate Change</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671115</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this article, we develop a risk assessment methodology for analyzing the resilience of railway assets to climate change. The methodology relies on climate projections, asset data, and hazard modelling to identify areas of highest risk and vulnerability. The latest climate projections in France are used to identify potential changes in extreme weather events for different time horizons and different climate change scenarios. The results of this approach enable to make informed decisions about the most effective ways to reduce the potential impacts of climate change on railway assets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671115</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cost of Meteorological Hazards on the French National Railway Network</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671102</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The increasing average annual temperature and the intensification of extreme weather events are placing significant strain on national infrastructures, particularly railway networks. This paper examines the vulnerability of the French national railway network to meteorological hazards, focusing on weather-related train operations incidents and associated costs from 2001 to 2019. The study aims to provide insights for optimizing crisis management strategies and enhancing resilience to future climate conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671102</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Resilience of Transport and Associated Infrastructure to Climate, Cyber and Physical Threats</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671094</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effects of climate change regularly impact the performance of transport networks. In the case of road transport, climate change has various impact drivers such as heat, cold, wind, snow, ice etc. which hamper safe and reliable operation. Due to the interdependent nature of critical infrastructures (CI), resilience assessment requires a whole stakeholder approach which engages not only transport operators, but also the various other infrastructures within a geographical area. This paper initially outlines the ICARUS project which aims to deliver a common approach for National Road Authorities (NRAs) in addressing the resilience of road infrastructure to Climate Change. Results of the PRECINCT project are presented subsequently, where the influence of other infrastructure systems on transport was investigated. There is a clear link between how resilience is currently addressed within one transport sector and across various interconnected CIs. The results of the paper show the importance of effective stakeholder engagement across the value chain of Critical Infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671094</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Transport Infrastructure Ireland’s Approach to Climate Adaptation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671084</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ireland’s changing climate is causing extreme weather events to become more intense and frequent, resulting in adverse impacts to national transport infrastructure. It is necessary for transport asset owners, managers and developers to appropriately consider these evolving risks, both when designing new infrastructure and managing existing networks. This paper outlines Transport Infrastructure Ireland’s (TII) approach, and progress to date, to better understand and address its climate change risks, through the development of an overarching strategy, technical standards and guidance, and climate change risk assessments. The paper focuses on TII’s two-stage approach to climate risk assessment covering both TII’s physical assets (national roads, light rail, land and some greenways and cycleways), along with their staff and buildings. The first stage of the assessment has provided a high-level screening of all climate hazards and assets, to identify priorities for the more detailed climate risk assessments. The paper concludes by setting out TII’s next steps and priorities in relation to climate adaptation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671084</guid>
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