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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>OPTIMAL DESIGN OF MERGE-IN-TRANSIT DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/484610</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Merge-in-transit operations work as follows:  A carrier picks up separate loads from two or more different warehouses, transports the loads to a location near their final destination, and then performs a "merge" operation.  At the simplest, the merge operation comprises consolidating the loads in a cross-dock operation.  In more complex systems, the merge operation comprises consolidation and a value-added process such as assembly.  The report develops a simple optimization model and Geographic Information System (GIS) based decision support system for determining the number (if any) and location of merge points in a distribution network and determining whether such merge points should perform additional value-added steps such as assembly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Jul 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/484610</guid>
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      <title>OPTIMAL PRICING FOR PRIORITY SERVICE AND SPACE ALLOCATION IN CONTAINER PORTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/542815</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper focuses on the determination of optimal space allocation and optimal pricing for priority systems in container ports. The problem is formulated taking into account the intrinsic and logistic cargo value, and a capacity constraint that considers the various physical requirements of the containers. Prices and space allocations are found for various cases, showing explicitly the role of each element. The resulting models extend classical price differentiation theory, i.e. the inverse elasticity rule, in various directions. Finally, the implications of these results and the corresponding information requirements are clearly established.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/542815</guid>
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      <title>CARGO HANDLING ABSTRACTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/71759</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This quarterly publication started in 1978 and each issue comprises some 30-40 abstracts of cargo handling articles, papers, reports etc. which have been added to the information library.  The service provides the members firstly with a rapid appraisal of a wide selection of the more important recently published material and secondly with a source through which to obtain a copy of the original material for private research or study purposes.  The first copy of Cargo Handling Abstracts is sent free of charge to members; additional copies are priced at 1.00 pound each and there is a subscription service for non-members.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 19 Aug 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/71759</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SHIPPING OPERATIONS INFORMATION SYSTEM--STANDARD RECOMMENDATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/68116</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes recommended standards to be utilized by U.S. flag carriers in the development and documentation of computer program modules implemented as part of the joint MarAd/Industry Shipping Operations Information System program.  These standards include data element codes such as commodity codes, location codes, patron codes, port codes and carrier codes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Mar 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/68116</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RO-RO TERMINAL MANAGEMENT -- SPEED IS THE CONCEPT, BACK-UP THE KEY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/58824</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Computerization of records in roll-on/roll-off operations in crowded ports is described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Oct 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/58824</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CALIFORNIA GENERAL CARGO TRADE - A SHORT-TERM FORECAST 1976, 1977</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/47486</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The primary purpose of this study is to forecast general cargo tonnage, in the short term (1976, 1977), for California exports and imports.  All historical and forecast data are on the basis of short tons, rather than weight or measurement tons.  (The use of short tons was mandated by the availability of data -- revenue tons data, while superior to short tons data, were not available for the historical period.)  The forecasts presented in this study were based on the major macroeconomic variables that most strongly determine general cargo trade flows.  A base forecast was derived using a causal model.  This forecast was then modified to some degree, judgementally, in order to include some economic considerations that, for technical resons, could not be accurately represented in the model. The methodolgy employed in this study differs from that of many other studies, which derive their total tonnage forecasts by summing individual forecasts of major commodities.  Many of these other forecasts are based on some type of historical average, and, as such, ignore general economic considerations.  Importantly, the forecasts in this study are based on economic considerations only, and do no include noneconomic factors such as changing political regimes, embargoes, court actions, etc.  As demonstrated by the OPEC oil embargo, these politically motivated economic factors can cause substantial distortions and realignments in general cargo trade flows.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/47486</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE MARITIME BULK COMMODITIES SIMULATION MODEL. VOLUME I. MANAGEMENT SUMMARY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/30005</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report is the first of a three-volume set documenting the Maritime Bulk Commodities Simulation Model.  The purpose of this volume is to provide an overview of the origins of the Model, its technical development and design aspects, and its potential uses and benefits.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/30005</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>LOW PAYING VERSUS HIGH PAYING CARGO IN THE LINER TRADE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/21070</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The liner trade has its own rules and regulations for setting freight rates.  High paying and low paying cargoes are carried by the same ship on the same voyage.  This study deals with the optimum combination of high and low paying cargoes for different conditions.  Some examples are used to form more general rules for deciding whether to accept shipments of low paying cargo.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Jan 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/21070</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF U.S. SHIPPING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/4076</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper provides a broad view of the subject of productivity in overseas transportation systems, with particular emphasis on directions in which productivity can be improved.  It is recognized that oceangoing vessels are only one of the elements in overseas transportation systems and that costs must be assessed on a system-wide basis. References are made to analyses carried out and techniques developed at the Center for Maritime Studies in the course of a project for the Maritime Administration, including the use of a mathematical model of containership fleets and terminals to determine comparative transport capabilities, costs and average cargo delivery times.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 28 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/4076</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MARITIME TRANSPORTATION OF UNITIZED CARGO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2884</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A comparative economic analysis of conventional break-bulk versus container and pallet systems in the sea transportation of general cargo.  The comparisons are based upon ships of several sizes and speeds and upon various percentages of cargo unitized, and include only those expenses which accrue to the ship operator in the movement of cargo from pier to pier.  The study provides a method of analysis and develops results applicable to general situations.  It is intended to aid the shipping company in determining the probable economic effects of unitization.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Feb 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2884</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GREAT LAKES/ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY FEEDER SYSTEMS-A FEASIBILITY STUDY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/5500</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A factual presentation is made of available market, costs, and competition that a potential operator of a cargo feeder system on the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway would face.  The report includes a market analysis of unitizable cargo forecast for 1975 and 1980, analysis of vessel types and cargo handling methods, construction and operating costs, and the effects of competing transportation methods available to the shipper.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 27 Oct 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/5500</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UNITIZATION AND DEUNITIZATION IN PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS: A QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONTAINERIZED CARGO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/772</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years the physical distribution of commodities has become one of the foremost areas for effecting cost reduction.  Containerization, a special case of unitization and deunitization, has brought about a revolution in the intermodal transportation of cargo. Containerization is the philosophy of through transport, whereby the cargo is manhandled only twice.  A dynamic programming algorithm was developed to determine a loading pattern for packages inside a container.  Also the flow of empty and loaded containers is analyzed for a N terminal problem and an algorithm developed to determine a trade route for an all container service. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 13 May 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/772</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>COMBINATION CARRIAGE OF BULK COMMODITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/12317</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Economics and engineering factors involved in converting ships for interchangeable cargos are outlined.  Primary emphasis is placed on strength and stress considerations for hatch cover, design and load distribution.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 May 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/12317</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A DESCRIPTION OF THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF SHIP OPERATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/4028</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A mathematical simulation of the operation of a fleet of berth-liners has been developed for use as a planning tool. It consists of two major functional parts, a Roll Call Program which controls the activities of simulated ships and a Schedule Generator which assigns them sailing dates and services. The simulation output provides ship utilization information and financial data. A test of the simulation against the historical data for a North Atlantic Trade Route shows good agreement. Application of the simulation in investigating a ship of advanced design for future use is presented. Possible uses of this management tool are outlined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 May 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/4028</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE TRANSPORTATION PARADOX</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/3735</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A paradox arises when a transportation problem admits to a total cost solution which is lower than the optimum and is attainable by shipping larger quantities of goods over the same routes that were previously designated as optimal. This is, falling total costs are present in moving to the greater shipment quantities.  Necessary conditions for this to occur are established and an algorithm for solving this expanded transportation problem is supplied.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 21 Apr 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/3735</guid>
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