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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>A Q-Learning-Based Neighborhood Search for Seaside Vehicle Dispatching and Resource Scheduling at Automated Container Terminals</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2617819</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The development of automated container terminals faces the challenge of bridging the gap between the increasing volume of container operations and restricted resources, particularly at the seaside of the terminal. Recognizing the pressing need for effective scheduling and decision-making processes, the industry targets two operational challenges: 1) managing limited apron resources, including vehicles, quay cranes, and traffic lanes; and 2) addressing the operation complexities brought by handling twist-locks. To address this gap, this study proposes a seaside vehicle dispatching and resource scheduling problem, which is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming model. A Q-learning-based neighborhood search is developed along with the proposal of a matheuristic method to obtain high-quality initial solutions. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach consistently delivers superior solutions over the benchmarks, significantly advancing the management of automated container terminal operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2617819</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The Port of Constanta: A Logistics Hub for the Black Sea and Danube Regions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665980</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The port of Constanta is one of the key maritime ports in the Black Sea Region and the essential maritime port in Romania. It is the only seaport directly connected to the Danube River through the Danube—Black Sea Canal. This port also plays a key role for the Danube countries in Central and East Europe through the Danube River. The article’s fundamental goal is to describe the importance of this port not only for the Black Sea Region but also for the Danube Region, to analyze the transport flows going through this port, to explain its significance for cargo passing through this port from Ukraine to another part of the world in the last few years, and to make predictions for cargo transshipment for 2025.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:15:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665980</guid>
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      <title>Guangzhou’s Urban Freight Facilities: Mapping the Spatial Evolution and Traffic Impacts</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613187</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the last decade, urban freight demand has grown substantially, driven by the expansion of urban population and industrial activities. This has facilitated the requirements for urban freight traffic planning, especially forecasting freight traffic demand at the metropolitan scale. Corporate freight facilities, as a major form of land use that generates truck demand, are key to estimating the overall flow of urban freight traffic. Understanding how the locations of urban freight facilities change as cities grow can help build a solid foundation for formulating sustainable policies to manage urban freight traffic. Though previous studies have examined the concept and location of corporate freight facilities, they failed to systematically identify such facilities due to the lack of high-quality data sets. Our study aims to fill this gap by utilizing advanced data mining methods such as remote sensing and computer vision to recognize the location of freight facilities within Guangzhou city from 2014 to 2023. We then explore the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of such facilities and analyze the potential generation of freight vehicle trips out of them. By discovering hot spot areas of freight vehicle generation, analyzing latent traffic bottlenecks, and integrating the evolution patterns of freight facilities, this study could help predict future changes and provide recommendations for local urban freight traffic management from a long-term perspective. This paper offers a creative research pipeline, broadens the research horizons of integrated urban freight traffic planning, and has a positive significance for the study of sustainable freight traffic planning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613187</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Analysis of Construction Path of the Near-Zero Carbon Port Operation Area with Energy Structure Adjustment as the Core—From a Standardization Perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613184</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Based on a comprehensive policy analysis of green and low-carbon development in port operations, as well as extensive literature reviews and field studies conducted in near-zero carbon port operation areas, this paper aims to provide a detailed overview of the current state of such regions at major domestic ports. It summarizes the primary pathways for carbon emissions reduction within these operational zones and examines the essential standardization elements required for achieving near-zero carbon status. The study focuses on several critical aspects, including functional layout optimization, energy structure adjustment, and carbon emissions management. Additionally, it investigates and proposes standards for constructing near-zero carbon port operation areas while reviewing existing national and industry standards relevant to transportation. The paper advocates for the development of supportive standards that facilitate the construction and implementation of near-zero carbon port operation areas. It also analyzes key standards that require attention within both the current port standard system and the transportation environmental protection framework. By emphasizing standardization as a guiding principle, this research seeks to enhance efforts toward establishing near-zero carbon port operation areas, ultimately contributing to the overarching goals of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613184</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on the Coordinated Development of Cargo Capacity and Hinterland Industry of Comprehensive Hub Airport: A Case Study of Zhengzhou Airport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613057</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper explores the synergistic development of cargo capacity and hinterland industries in integrated hub airports, emphasizing their role in enhancing logistics efficiency and fostering regional economic growth. Through quantitative analysis, it is found that comprehensive hub airports and hinterland industries exhibit strong correlations and cyclical, alternating leadership characteristics throughout their development. Using case studies, the paper examines the current state of Zhengzhou Airport and its surrounding industries and offers optimization suggestions, including accurately forecasting future cargo demand, promoting dedicated freighter transportation, and strategically planning cargo facilities. Additionally, due to the lack of communication between the airport and industries, it recommends establishing a multi-level communication mechanism to enhance information sharing and collaboration. These measures aim to develop a diversified industrial structure, optimize the spatial layout of industries, proactively cultivate emerging industries, and promote the coordinated development of comprehensive hub airports and hinterland industries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613057</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Puget Sound Maritime Operations: An Alaskan lifeline</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2640665</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Seattle, strategically located on the Puget Sound, plays an indispensable role in transporting essential goods and services from the continental United States to Alaska. In 2014, the ports of Seattle and Tacoma joined forces to unify the management of marine cargo facilities and business to strengthen the Puget Sound gateway and attract more marine cargo and jobs to the region. The result was the Northwest Seaport Alliance (NWSA), which is the fourth largest container gateway in North America, It merges all marine cargo operations while managing 80% of all trade between Alaska and continental America. Puget Sound’s maritime support sector also includes ship and boat construction, repair and maintenance, marine-related goods, materials, and equipment suppliers, and manufacturing. Key routes and services promote containerized and bulk shipping of essential supplies. The connectivity facilitated by Puget Sound ensures that Alaska’s economy is robust, efficient, and well-integrated with national and international markets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2025 11:34:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2640665</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploring the Role of an Underground Logistics System in Enhancing Swiss Intermodal Freight</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2583130</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research examines the integration of intermodal freight transport within Switzerland’s logistics network, focusing on the role of Cargo Sous Terrain (CST), a proposed innovative underground logistics system. Using the Swiss Transport Outlook 2050 by the Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE), we developed an agent-based simulation model to analyse a potential future freight demand scenario considering inland, import and export cargo relevant to intermodal transport. The model evaluates the performance and interactions of road, rail, and CST, allowing containers to choose modes, routes, and schedules. This approach enables the investigation of intermodal dynamics, spatial factors, and transhipment processes. The results show that the modal share of intermodal rail remains stable and largely unaffected by CST, with its performance primarily dependent on terminal availability and capacity, maintaining a competitive position even when CST is fully developed. In contrast, the modal share of CST for intermodal transport is determined by network size, with a full CST network leading to significant increases in CST share. This expansion reduces road-leg distances for both rail and CST intermodal operations and promotes more regionalised freight flows, where specific terminals experience increased demand and shorter road legs. Additionally, the study examines the effects of varying costs and tolerance for delays on modal shares. By emphasising the importance of terminal infrastructure, network expansion, and coordinated mechanisms, the findings offer valuable insights into enhancing the efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability of Switzerland’s intermodal freight system in response to future demand scenarios.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 10:34:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2583130</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Turning Basin Terminal Optimization Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559394</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Port of Houston Authority (PHA) is focused on improving its multipurpose cargo terminal properties primarily in the Turning Basin area through optimization of port assets. These facilities handle steel, iron, roll-on/roll-off, wind turbine, and dry bulk cargoes. The primary objective of the Turning Basin Terminal Optimization Study involved analyzing general cargo operations for PHA’s terminals at Turning Basin, Woodhouse, and Jacintoport, as well as the potential future use of PHA’s Beltway 8 property; and recommending comprehensive layouts for handling different cargo demand scenarios. This was achieved by establishing storage demand for facilities as a function of overall volume; identifying ways to optimize the use of the Port’s general cargo properties to enhance land use and goods movement efficiency; identifying potential port uses for undeveloped Port land to accommodate future cargo volumes; and establishing a range of forward development paths for the Port, aligned with projected long-term cargo trends. The approach involved intense data analysis, site investigation, stakeholder engagement, and goods movement modeling. The planning followed an iterative process of land use changes, alternative development to optimize land and goods movement efficiency, refinement of identified favored paths, and recommended improvements to accommodate alternative cargo demand scenarios. Alternative development considered three projected scenarios for each major cargo segment: high, medium, and low volumes. Key stakeholders, including terminal operators, stevedores, and tenants, were interviewed to understand key operations, infrastructure requirements, and property use. The key aspect of the project was the development of a General Cargo Demand Model that estimated peaks and varying demands on the terminal’s berth/apron and leased storage areas for major commodity movements, under historic peak and current conditions. An Integrated Land Use Tool was created to map out all operational land uses in the terminal differentiating storage areas, vacant areas, building footprints, unpaved areas, access road and rail footprints, and unusable areas. At each stage of the planning process, PHA’s leadership was engaged to critique the work; identify refinements and improvements; clarify opportunities and constraints; provide historical, cultural, and commercial context; and winnow and expand the alternatives. This paper will demonstrate how the use of advanced tools, the right project approach, and continuous client interaction can help perform detailed planning and analysis for general cargo terminals and address the path forward to accommodate cargo demand scenarios.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jun 2025 09:20:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559394</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of the competitive structure of the grain terminal in the West Coast region of South Korea</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2566990</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study aimed to analyze the competition structure of grain terminals in the West Coast region of South Korea. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), shift-share analysis, and Boston consulting group (BCG) Matrix approaches were used in this study. The results showed that grain terminals in Incheon, such as Hanjin, CJ Korea Express, Daehan Silo, and Korea TBT, did not attain the positive handling level of the Taeyoung Grain Terminal located in Pyeongtaek Dangjin port and outstanding gains of Sun Kwang (Gunsan) grain terminal. The results of this study have implications for the establishment of government policies such as the construction of additional grain terminals and repair of existing facilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Jun 2025 08:46:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2566990</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Selection of the Kinematic Scheme of the Rotation Mechanism of the Spreader Gripping Frame</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408089</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Statistical data indicate a dynamic growth of container cargo transportation in the world cargo turnover, both in percentage and in absolute terms. The expansion of the container transportation industry is ensured, including the development of warehouse lifting equipment and cargo processing technologies. Technical improvement of lifting machines and lifting devices contributes to the improvement of their technical and operational indicators, improves the quality of logistics services and, as a result, has a positive economic effect. The paper analyzes the kinematic schemes of mechanisms for turning platforms (frames) of lifting and transport and construction machines, which have become practically widespread to date. A comparative assessment of the presented schemes is given, aimed at finding the optimal scheme of the rotation mechanism of the gripping frame of the spreader. The design and principle of operation of a modern suspended spreader for processing large-capacity containers is considered. The specifics of the working conditions of the spreader as a suspended unit are determined, on the basis of which the initial requirements for the mechanism of rotation of its gripping frame are formulated. A promising direction of modernization of this mechanism with the use of an electromechanical drive and an innovative spiroid gear is substantiated. The essential technical and operational advantages of the spiroid cylindrical gear over the widespread worm gear are described, which determine the possibility and necessity of its wider practical distribution in the mechanisms of lifting machines and, in particular, in the mechanisms of spreaders for processing large-capacity containers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 16:02:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408089</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Port Planning Texas City International Terminal</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2218090</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For the past decade, the Galveston Bay area in Southeast Texas has experienced a sustained 6 percent annual growth in containerized cargo without a significant increase in cargo handling facilities. At present, existing regional container loading facilities are performing near ultimate capacity. There are numerous proposals to help alleviate the approaching congestion problems at the public port facilities. The Texas City International Terminal (TCIT) project is sponsored by the City of Texas City as a partial answer to sustained cargo growth in the region. The City of Texas City has formed a public/private partnership with TCIT for development and operation of a modern container terminal. The majority interest in TCIT is held by SSA Marine, a Seattle-based stevedoring company. In the early stages of program development, SSA initiated work on a concept development study conducted by BERGER/ABAM Engineers Inc. in an effort to identify the big picture elements associated with terminal development. The study was broken into three major tasks, including a market study, master planning, and an environmental assessment. Terminal planning was conducted parallel with the permit review process. This closely coordinated effort facilitated timely flow of information between the design team and regulatory and resource agencies. This allowed the design team to make midstream adjustments to the planning process in direct response to suggestions by agencies. This paper will discuss the key relationships between the design team and the public agencies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Dec 2024 11:59:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2218090</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wartime Assessment of the Port of Umm Qasr, Iraq</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2218010</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Iraq's Port of Umm Qasr is located at the southwestern edge of the country's 53-kilometers-long Persian Gulf shoreline along the Khawr Az Zubayr adjacent to the border with the State of Kuwait. As Iraq's only deep-water seaport, the port at Umm Qasr is a critical link towards the import of life-supporting assistance being provided to the people of Iraq by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Stevedoring Services of America (SSA) was awarded a contract by USAID to complete a three-phased project to: 1) assess the condition of the port facilities immediately after takeover by Coalition Forces; 2) write an implementation plan that describes the steps necessary to enable port operations; and 3) manage the operation of the port for 12 months, with two, one-year contract options. The objective of the assessment was to evaluate the Umm Qasr Port facilities for the ability to immediately import USAID-provided materials, supplies, and other cargoes, including urgent food assistance and materials for reconstruction and rehabilitation. Additionally, the assessment was to identify port-imposed constraints to be addressed in the Phase 2, Port Improvement Implementation Plan, so that during Phase 3, Port Operations, an adequate flow of through shipments will occur. The 14-member assessment team was comprised of stevedoring operation specialists from SSA and port design, construction, and operation engineers from BERGER/ABAM Engineers Inc. This paper describes the efforts of the team to accomplish the requirements of the USAID contract, from the government-mandated chemical and biological warfare protective suit training at Fort Benning, Georgia, to the on-site investigation at the Port of Umm Qasr that was complicated by the total lack of reference documents such as engineering drawings and specifications; by requirements for armed escorts; and daily changes in security requirements, border-crossing procedures, and site accessibility.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Dec 2024 11:59:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2218010</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Research on Marco Planning of Modern Rail Logistics Center</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2282090</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Based on the analysis of the research and development of the rail logistics centers, both home and abroad, this paper will study the characteristics of economy and cargo space distribution, and designed space levels of the modern rail logistics centers. Finally this paper will use the method of Fuzzy Intervals Analytic Hierarchy Process (FIAHP) to calculate and design the scheme of rail logistics centers space carriers and prove their feasibility.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 May 2024 09:25:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2282090</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Simulation Research on Cargo Process of Airport Logistics Park</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2281914</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Airport logistics parks, important nodes of logistics system, have been receiving attention more and more. However, outdated planning theories and designing methods have become the bottleneck of airport logistics park development. This paper focuses on analyzing the cargo process of airport logistics park, compares it with the general logistics park, and puts forward a spatial planning method of airport logistics park. It uses ServiceModel software to develop a simulation system, and carries out simulation experiments by the simulated data to obtain the pivotal courses and nodes of the cargo process in the airport logistics park, then proposes the measures optimizing these nodes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Apr 2024 09:46:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2281914</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Systematic Layout and Design of Logistics Park Based on SLP Method</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2281691</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Logistics park is the location where logistic facilities and business are physically congregated. Its layout and design will directly influence the performance of a logistics operation. The Systematic Layout and Planning (SLP) method is therefore introduced in this study. The functional area is initially determined through analyzing the general operation procedure in Logistics Park. Next, the systematic layout and design is taken with the analysis on logistics relevance and activity relevance. The optimal one can be finally chosen through an evaluating process. The SLP method was verified feasible and effective in the layout of Logistics Park.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Mar 2024 14:07:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2281691</guid>
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