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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>A low-cost IoT-based solution for tracking and monitoring freight consignments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2536126</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The project aimed to develop an IoT solution for live tracking and condition monitoring of individual parcel/consignments across multiple freight carriers and transport modes. It set out to investigate the specific requirements of form factor, battery life, cost, standards and cloud-based data analytics required to reliably track and monitor individual parcel/consignments, in real time, across the entire supply chain. The objective was to make the hardware low-powered and low-cost, with a small form factor, to offer a practical solution to support both short- and long-haul freight requirements. The solution requires hardware equipped with sensors for monitoring the location and condition of the parcel/consignment, along with embedded software for sending sensor data to the cloud. On the back end, the solution requires cloud-based sensor data analytics, which incorporates machine learning (ML) models for detecting and visualising transport and freight consignment-related events of interest.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Apr 2025 13:34:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2536126</guid>
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      <title>Recalibrating travel demand models using Census data and household travel survey data from other jurisdictions: a case study of the Greater Adelaide</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2239901</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Travel demand models are quantitative tools that are used by local, regional and national planning organizations for the development of evidence-based transport policy. Travel demand models can offer insights on current patterns of travel behaviour and provide a framework for predicting changes in behaviour in response to changes in the transport system. Forecasts from travel demand models are used to determine the capacity that new infrastructure must provide; and to facilitate the economic, environmental and social impact assessments of competing initiatives. Concerns are growing that diary surveys may be less viable in the future for several reasons including increasing survey costs. This has led to the intriguing question of whether it is possible to take advantage of data from disparate sources for a region of interest. The potential payoff in terms of substantial resource savings for data collection for all regions regardless of size makes this a particularly appealing avenue of development. Consequently, the objective of this study is to develop and apply a methodology for recalibrating transport demand model parameters that does not require primary data collection. Data from four jurisdictions Melbourne, Brisbane and Perth in Australia and Auckland from New Zealand will be employed to update model parameters for the Greater Adelaide area following the proposed methodological framework.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Sep 2023 14:04:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2239901</guid>
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      <title>Modeling the dynamic exclusive pedestrian phase based on transportation equity and cost analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2014857</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Aug 2022 14:33:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2014857</guid>
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      <title>Performance of maritime logistics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2001908</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Liner shipping and container ports have repeatedly made headline news since 2020 as companies across supply chains were hit with price hikes and shipment delays. Predictability became a thing of the past. This report assesses these disruptions to containerised maritime transport and analyses their causes and impacts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Aug 2022 14:25:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2001908</guid>
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      <title>Data to support the heavy vehicle road reform part F: alignment of expenditure reporting data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1883792</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The COAG Heavy Vehicle Road Reform (HVRR) is a joint reform process of the Commonwealth, state, territory, and local governments aimed at establishing an economic market for the provision and use of heavy vehicle infrastructure services – one that provides clear links between the needs of users, the charges they pay and the services they receive. This project is a continuation of the work undertaken in project AT1920 Developing the Data to Support the HVCI/HVRR between July 2013 and June 2017. AAM6068 ran from July 2017 to December 2020. These two projects represent just one part of the larger reform. Part F documents an investigation of potential causes in differences between forecast and actual data submitted by jurisdictions to the NTC as part of the development of a forward-looking cost base model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Oct 2021 16:31:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1883792</guid>
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      <title>Development of hybrid data model prototype for enhanced cost of congestion (CoC) methodology: 2020/21</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1870961</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR) aims to provide an automatic system to report the cost of congestion (CoC) for a network with roads from different jurisdictions (e.g. TMR and local governments). The project was established following previous research work on the improvement of the CoC model and the exploration and assessment of new traffic data sources. A hybrid data model has been developed by TMR, which blends data from multiple sources (including detection loops, Bluetooth devices and probe vehicles) and is considered the ultimate data source for reporting CoC. The project aims to develop a web-based software prototype system to test, compare and visualise the enhanced CoC model using hybrid and other data at the network level.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Aug 2021 16:26:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1870961</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A contrastive study on travel costs of car-sharing and taxis based on GPS trajectory data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1839274</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2021 14:32:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1839274</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Decarbonising Argentina’s transport system: charting the way forward</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1709395</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper reviews opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from Argentina’s transport sector. It also identifies the main challenges for that objective, specifically in freight transport. Actions taken at different levels of government are assessed and the impact of policies focused on other priorities - such as lowering logistic costs - is discussed. The paper also highlights what data on transport emissions are available for Argentina and which tools government agencies use for examining them.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Jun 2020 10:53:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1709395</guid>
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      <title>Beyond the cost/income ratio: New approaches to measuring transport affordability in three Indonesian metropolitan regions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1596731</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transport related disadvantages, including unaffordable transport may lead to social exclusion and economic difficulties. In many cases, households choose to live in the city core and spend more on housing to lower their transport costs. Understanding how the affordability of transport is measured and distributed across cities is important to support the formulation of transport policies. This paper aims to examine the link between transport affordability and urban form by exploring household transport expenditures in twenty-two municipalities within Jakarta, Bandung, and Medan metropolitan areas in Indonesia. National household expenditure survey data are used to measure fuel, engine oil, minor repairs and maintenance, and public transport and other costs. In addition to the widely applied cost-to-income ratio method, this research proposes an alternative way to measure the affordability by using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. This method provides a more straightforward result that allows each municipality being observed to be ranked based on their affordability performance. The results suggest that transport affordability is affected not only by spatial structure and travel pattern, but also the choice and availability of transport modes. This research sheds new light on transport affordability in the developing cities context, and has implications for policy in the urban and transport sectors in Indonesia.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:46:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1596731</guid>
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      <title>A learning pathway towards zero fatalities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1596675</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Compulsory learning and development pathways towards obtaining a driving licence in Victoria have not been improved since the introduction of the Graduated Licensing System (GLS) in 2008. Crash statistics between 2006-2015 reveal that the numbers of crashes are increasing however the fatality rate is overall reducing. Recent statistics shows that in 2016 alone, 19% of drivers who lost their lives were aged between 18 and 25 years, with this age group only representing around 10% of Victorian licence holders. This paper explores whether providing additional official practical oversight (such as targeted ‘risk training’ in drive test) within the current Victorian licensing regime will invoke a reduction in crashes in addition to further reducing the fatality rate, especially among young drivers. Initial data analysis revealed trends where the development of possible drivers looking to obtain their licence does not address. It was found that 100 km/hr driving, nose to tail, head on and peak environment crashes were all occurring however none of these factors are practically taught to reduce the chance of occurring. The licensing regimes of Sweden and Finland were then scrutinized which showed that their regimes included such ‘risk training’ component and both their crash and fatalities rates have been decreasing since 2006 with Sweden now having one of the lowest in the world. To replicate the reducing crash trends of Sweden and Finland and to further decrease the fatality rate, this paper recommends building a development facility which aims to provide official practical oversight on the development aspects identified as missing from the current Victorian regime. The potential benefits of this proposal are the cost savings associated from the reduction of injuries and fatalities from the possible reduction in crashes. Further, the exploratory insights provided by this paper could assist the licensing authority and the state government in further developing the Victorian licensing regime to possibly a learning pathway towards zero fatalities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:44:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1596675</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A comparison between the life cycle cost of gravel and of bituminous surfacing options for feeder roads in Ghana</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1448386</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Feeder roads, which constitute a key component of rural transport infrastructure, play a vital role in rural development, but only 5% of the total feeder road network in Ghana has bituminous seal surfacing. The remaining 95% has either gravel or earth surfacing. However, gravel surfacing (G-S) is known to deteriorate rather rapidly necessitating expensive frequent maintenance while bituminous surfacing offers a more durable surfacing. Various life cycle cost studies have suggested that even though G-S may have lower initial construction costs, it tends to have higher life cycle costs than bituminous seal surfaced roads. However, since most of these studies are based on ideal maintenance practices, their conclusions do not reflect actual field conditions. This study seeks, therefore, to compare the life cycle cost of G-S with that of bituminous seal surfacing options for engineered feeder roads in Ghana using actual cost data. Data were collected from eight feeder road projects with G-S and a similar number with bituminous surfacing from six regions of Ghana completed between 2010 and 2013. The life cycle cost for each road was computed using a discount rate of 12% and an inflation rate of 15% over an analysis period of 21 years. The results for G-S are then compared with those for single bituminous seal surfacing and for double bituminous seal surfacing. The results are further compared with those from trial sections of an experimental study of Otta seal surfacing using natural gravel and using crushed rock as aggregates. The results suggest that based on the high initial construction costs of bituminous seal surfacing and actual low maintenance intervention practices, G-S remains the least cost option. The study recommends the need for alternative surfacing technology that does not involve bitumen.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 19 Mar 2017 18:01:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1448386</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Methodology and learnings from calculating the cost of the causes of congestion</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1426949</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the development of a methodology to determine the community cost associated with different causes of congestion on a road network. The causes analysed include recurring congestion, incidents, roadworks, weather, special events and other events. Using the available road performance data, weather data and incident and event logs, the method was able to identify a cause for 91% of the excessive congestion in Brisbane, Queensland. Opportunities arising include the identification and prioritising congestion management initiatives, evaluation of the effectiveness of current initiatives and benchmarking road network performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Oct 2016 10:30:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1426949</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Synthesis on Cost-Effectiveness of Extradosed Bridges: Technical Report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1404685</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An extradosed bridge is a unique bridge type that utilizes both prestressed girder bridge and cable-stayed bridge concepts. Since the concept of an extradosed bridge is still relatively new, there is no clear definition and specification of the type of bridge. Also, due to the unique characteristics of an extradosed bridge, it is likely to initially cost more than a conventional girder bridge but less expensive compared to a cable-stayed bridge. This synthesis study identified and collected information on 120 extradosed bridges from Asia, Europe, North America, South America and Africa through a comprehensive literature review of over 350 technical papers, reports, and websites. Cost information on 58 extradosed bridges and bridge selection reasons for 47 extradosed bridges were collected and summarized. Over 100 individuals with experience in the design and/or construction of extradosed bridges were contacted. Telephone and email interviews of eight experts in extradosed bridges (three from Asia, three from Europe, and two from North America) were conducted. A statistical analysis was conducted to summarize general configurations, bridge selections, constructions, and costs of extradosed bridges. Four case studies regarding extradosed bridge selection were also included in the report. In addition, this study summarized the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing extradosed bridges, best practices, and existing methodologies. While there is a variety of advantages and disadvantages comparing extradosed bridges to girder bridges and cable-stayed bridges, the team identified aesthetic (signature bridge and landmark structure), underneath (navigation/vehicular) clearance and higher restriction, and construction and structure considerations as top reasons for selecting extradosed bridges over other alternatives. A bridge selection process specifying considerations for determining how and when an extradosed bridge is cost-effective and in the best interest of the public was also recommended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 May 2016 18:20:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1404685</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Congestion: what are Christchurch's worst offending roads?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1357913</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As part of their mandate to "get the greatest efficiency out of the existing roading network", the Christchurch Transport Operations Centre installed Bluetooth sensors throughout the strategic road network in 2013. As well as providing real-time data for a host of operational uses, the data from these sensors have been monitored on a monthly basis to get a better understanding of the city's congestion hotspots. The large volume of data necessitated the development of sophisticated analysis tools and geospatial systems to present the results in a useful way. The intention behind this project sits firmly in the "Smarter" theme of this conference. The Bluetooth sensors provide a vast amount of data about traffic congestion. The challenge of this project was developing methods of processing the data into meaningful information which can then contribute to smarter decisions being made about the transport network. Results from July 2014 revealed that the roads with the highest costs of congestion were Fitzgerald Avenue, Brougham Street, Blenheim Road and Bealey Avenue, with congestion costs ranging from $140 - $1,700 per km/hr. The total cost of peak hour congestion for the monitored routes was calculated as $54 million per year. This paper describes the tools developed to monitor congestion in Christchurch, and presents further details of Christchurch's most congested roads, how bad they are and how much they are costing society.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jun 2015 11:01:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1357913</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of marginal costs for heavy vehicle bridge usage</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286944</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study aimed to develop econometric and engineering approaches to estimate the marginal cost of bridge wear for heavy vehicle usage. A questionnaire survey of the state road authorities (SRAs) was conducted to assess whether adequate, accessible and reliable traffic and cost data was available to support estimation of the marginal cost of bridge usage. Methodologies were outlined for the econometric and engineering approaches, including currently identified data limitations from some states. Recommendations were made for progressing the study into the estimation of the marginal cost of bridge wear.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Jan 2014 09:55:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286944</guid>
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