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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Experimental and numerical analysis of critical buckling strength for a corrugated sheet under hydrostatic pressure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655834</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Membrane-type corrugated sheets have been used as the primary barriers for LNG carriers to reduce thermal and mechanical stress level. A small failure in primary barrier could cause severe leakage consequences. As the ship capacity increases, the action loads on the primary barrier also rise, making the corrugated sheets more prone to structural failure. This paper focuses on the buckling strength of a corrugated sheet under hydrostatic pressure. In this research, a series of symmetric and asymmetric hydrostatic pressure tests were carried out on a new type of corrugated sheets. Displacement, strain, and hydrostatic pressure were measured to provide comprehensive data on the weak parts of the corrugated sheet. Three-dimensional scanning revealed the deformation mode of the specimens after the test. FEM simulations were conducted to analyze the Mises stress distribution on the midspan section. Six different buckling criteria are defined, differing in physical quantity and buckling point selection. Their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability are discussed, providing the estimation of critical buckling strength from conservative to radical.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 10:08:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655834</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A replaceable corrugated web shear link for seismic resilience of double-column bridge bent: Experimental, numerical, and theoretical study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2585356</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study introduces an innovative replaceable corrugated steel web (CSW) shear link system for double-column bridge bents, designed to enhance seismic performance and enable rapid post-earthquake recovery. Through a comprehensive experimental program, eight full-scale specimens with varying geometric parameters (span-to-height ratios: 1.46–3.89; corrugation angles: 30–60°; orientation configurations) were subjected to quasi-static testing to evaluate their seismic behaviors, including damage process, energy dissipation, strength, stiffness and ductility. The experimental investigation revealed four characteristic failure modes: (1) CSW tearing, (2) coupled CSW and flange buckling, (3) combined CSW tearing and flange-to-web weld fracture, and (4) endplate-to-CSW connection failure. Key findings demonstrate that specimens with span-to-height ratios below 1.0 and corrugation angles exceeding 45° exhibit superior hysteretic performance, with the vertical-oriented specimen (VL1.89-θ45-a0.29) achieving optimal energy dissipation per unit volume (4.34 × 107J/m3) at the expense of accelerated stiffness degradation (60 % reduction after 3 % drift). Analytical results indicate a nonlinear relationship between ductility enhancement and span-to-height ratios, with measured improvement by 40 % as L/H increased from 1.46 to 3.89. Complementing the experimental work, advanced finite element models incorporating ductile fracture criteria were developed, achieving a 1.06 % correlation with test results. The study further proposes and validates simplified design equations for yield strength and lateral stiffness of CSW links, providing practical tools for engineering implementation. These findings establish a technical foundation for developing resilient bridge systems with rapid recovery capabilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 10:34:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2585356</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The Influence of Pile Shape and Pile Sleeves on Lateral Load Resistance in Sand</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2107896</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The lateral resistance of pile foundations is typically based on the performance of circular piles even though other pile types are used. Due to lack of data there is a certain level of uncertainty when designing pile foundations other than circular piles for lateral loading. Theoretical analyses have suggested that square sections will have more lateral resistance due to the increased side shear resistance; no test results have been available to substantiate the contention. Full-scale lateral load tests involving pile shapes such as circular, circular wrapped with high density polyethylene sheeting, square, H, and circular with a corrugated metal sleeve (CMS) have been performed considering the influence of soil-pile interaction on lateral load resistance in sands. The load test results, which can be summarized as a p-y curve, show higher soil resistance from the H and square sections after accounting for differences in the moment of inertia for the different pile sections. The increased soil resistance can generally be accounted for using a p-multiplier approach with a value of approximately 1.25 for square piles or 1.2 for H piles relative to circular piles. It has been determined that high density polyethylene sheeting provides little if any reduction in the lateral resistance when wrapped around a circular pile. Circular piles within a corrugated metal sleeve filled with loose granular fill produce higher lateral resistance than independent circular piles in the same soil. Ultimate lateral pile resistance can be computed using the elastic modulus and moment of inertia for the circular pile along with the diameter of the CMS for the diameter of the pile.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 Feb 2023 18:34:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2107896</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Lateral Resistance of Piles Within Corrugated Metal Sleeves: Final Summary Report #3 for Study TPF-5(272)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2107899</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pile foundations supporting bridge abutments are often driven inside corrugated metal pipe sleeves (CMS) which extend through the approach fill to reduce downdrag or for construction expediency. The annular space between the pile and the sleeve is typically filled with uncompacted pea gravel. Designers often assume that the lateral resistance of the pile within the sleeve will be minimal; however, no test results are available to confirm this assumption. To investigate the lateral resistance of piles driven within a CMS, full-scale lateral load tests were performed. The test pile configuration included a 32.4 cm (12.75 in.) pipe pile within a 60 cm (24 in.) CMS with uncompacted pea gravel or clean sand filling the annular space. Results indicate that after small pile displacements, the lateral pile resistance was similar to that provided by an individual 12.75-in. diameter pipe pile and was even greater at larger displacements. As the pile displaced laterally, the gravel within the annular space became engaged and displaced the CMS into the compacted fill. Back-analyses indicate that the ultimate lateral pile resistance for this case can be approximated by treating the pipe-infill-CMS as a composite pile having an elastic modulus (E) and moment of inertia (I) equal to the pipe pile but with a diameter equal to the 24-inch CMS. This is the Final Summary Report #3 for pooled fund study TPF-5(272), “Evaluation of Lateral Pile Resistance Near MSE Walls at a Dedicated Wall Site.” Details of the research described in this report are available in the research final report prepared by Rollins et al. (2018) and published by the Utah Department of Transportation, along with the corresponding university thesis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 Feb 2023 18:34:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2107899</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A basic design for automotive crash boxes using an efficient corrugated conical tube</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1849044</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Frontal vehicle structure is of high importance through crash energy managements and crash boxes are the fundamental structural component for vehicle safety as well as after sales issues. Similar to many other vehicle components, the detail design of crash box is usually part of manufacture knowhow. However, some guide lines are always available. In this article a general procedure is introduced for designing of crash box with the aid of novel thin walled structures and according to conventional crash scenarios. The problem is followed through some basic steps. Firstly, the crash box idea is selected through a wide range of previous investigated elements and is packaged in a real bench vehicle. Then thanks to the protection provided by the new crash box on the other more expensive components (e.g. headlamp, cooling pack, etc.), the effectiveness of this element are acknowledged through the low speed offset crash. Further on the robustness of new proposed crash box is approved by high speed crash simulations. The quasi-static simulations implemented during the analyses are carried out by finite element explicit code (Abaqus) and the FE modeling and dynamic simulation through the next steps are also performed in ANSA and PAM CRASH respectively. Finally in addition to the general crash box design proposed procedure, the achieved results demonstrated that the corrugated conical thin walled tubes deforms in regular and rather stable shape under both axial and oblique loadings. They also produced a reasonable reaction force versus deformations which leads to stiff and crashworthy energy absorber in comparison to traditional rectangular and even some special models like as origami shapes, and so they could be a valuable selection for crash box implementations in passenger cars.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 May 2021 16:21:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1849044</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>3D Finite Element Modeling of SAPL Repaired Corrugated Metal Pipes Buried Under Shallow Cover</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1759194</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Corrugated metal pipes (CMP) are subject to corrosion and have a shorter design life as compared to other types of culverts.  Among the several rehabilitation techniques, spray-applied pipe liners (SAPL) are one of the quick ways to rehabilitate deteriorated CMPs. This new method has been less studied with only a few previous laboratory tests and finite element studies. This paper discusses the calibration of 3D full scale FEM model with the test results that were obtained at the CUIRE laboratory at UTA. The laboratory tests were performed on circular invert-cut CMPs that were rehabilitated by polymeric SAPLs. Total of three different thicknesses, 0.25-in., 0.5-in. and 1-in. were used to repair the invert-cut CMPs. The deterioration in the CMP was represented by the removal of 18- in. invert from the intact CMP. A full 3D corrugated model was developed to represent the test setup in the FE model using ABAQUS. The polymeric material used to repair the CMPs were brittle in nature with very small plastic region and it was represented as the simple-elastic plastic material in the FE model. For the calibration process the results from the FE model were compared to the test in terms of load-displacement curves, earth pressure distribution and strain around the liner. The comparison of these parameters showed the discrepancies of less than 10%, thus calibrating the model.  After the calibration process, the FE model was used to generate the load-displacement graphs for other thickness of the liner.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2021 10:54:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1759194</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Risk Assessment of the Use of Corrugated Metal Sheets for Construction of Road Soil-Shell Structures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1639800</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The process of construction involves a risk of non-compliance of the construction works with the basic requirements of both Polish and European regulations. In order to mitigate the consequences of events related to the above-mentioned risk the products are subject to standardisation or technical evaluation prior to their placement on the market. The risk assessment methods are designed to identify the essential characteristics of construction products by analysing their effect on compliance of the construction works in which they are incorporated with the basic requirements. This article presents risk assessment related to incorporation in the works of a set of corrugated metal sheet products designed for construction of road bridges, overpasses and tunnels. An original qualitative method of risk assessment related to incorporation of a construction product in the works was conceived and its usefulness was confirmed. It has been demonstrated that while it is indispensable to carry out the risk assessment at the technical assessment stage, it is not, however, sufficient for efficient managing the risk of placing construction product on the market.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jul 2019 20:00:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1639800</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental and Analytical Evaluation of an Innovative Strengthening System for Long Span Deep-Corrugated Buried Bridges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1494349</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Experimental and analytical study of an innovative strengthening system for deep corrugated structural plates (15-in. pitch by 5.5-in.) is described. A typical 5/16-in.-thick deep corrugated structural plate can normally span up to 65-ft for typical bridge design loads. In order to achieve longer spans, it is necessary to increase the flexural stiffness of the plate. The new strengthening system consists of wide flange beams connected to the corrugated structural plate using rigid brackets. Several tests were conducted at the University of Cincinnati Large Scale Testing Facility to evaluate the behavior and stiffness of the beam-plate system. Tests were carried out using a number of different reinforcing beam sizes and bracket spacing. Equations for determining the cross-sectional properties and capacity of the stiffened system were developed. Design case studies were conducted using a special finite element program called CANDE (Culvert Analysis and DEsign). Different plate gauges in combination with a number of wide flange beams were used in the finite element analyses. The efficiency of the strengthened system was evaluated. In this paper, recommendations are made for design and analysis of strengthened long-span buried bridges. This study has found that it is possible to design lighter, longer, and cost effective structures through the use of stiffened plates.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Jan 2018 09:35:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1494349</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deformation of buried corrugated metal box structure under railway load</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1488575</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The deformations of the circumferential section of a railway buried corrugated metal structure’s shell under the operational load are analysed in this paper. Considering its geometry, the structure belongs to box structures. The deflections and stresses (determined from unit strains) in selected points of the shell were adopted as the measure of the deformations. The quantities were measured using inductive sensors and electrical resistance strain gauges. The moving load procedure was used in the tests whereby the results are presented in the form of continuous quantity-load location functions. The analyses show close similarity between the displacements of the tested structure and those of other arch structures (e.g. brick vaults). As the vehicle travels over the box structure, the strain (normal stress) in the structure alternates (changes its value and sign as a function of vehicle location), which is a characteristic feature of such structures, but the recorded displacement and stress values are very low in comparison with the ones generated during construction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Nov 2017 10:36:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1488575</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Steel Plate Curvatures of Soil-Steel Structures during Construction and Exploitation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1428271</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper analyses the deformation of circumferential bands of shells made of corrugated metal sheets in soil-steel structures. A change of curvature in the crown of a shell is assumed as a measure of deformation. In the upper part of analysed objects, regardless of their cross-sectional geometry, e.g. arched or elliptical shaped, a section of shell with a constant radius of curvature R is nowadays designed. As a result of earth pressure, moving loads and the self-weight of metal sheets, the shape of this part is subjected to deformation with a noticeable deviation from the circular shape. The change of curvature radius is determined in the paper on the basis of three coordinates of measuring points that form a triangle inscribed in a circle. Every (asymmetrical) position of the measuring points is taken into account. A system of three such points is transformed into a form of an equilateral triangle, and thus the radius of curvature is determined. Based on the change of curvature formulated during the construction and exploitation of soil-steel structures, the bending moments and normal stresses in the shell crown can be estimated and therefore a safety evaluation of the objects is possible.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Nov 2016 13:42:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1428271</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experiments on corrugated thin cylindrical shells under uniform external pressure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1367359</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The widespread application of thin cylindrical shells has motivated many researchers to investigate the buckling behavior of such thin-walled structures. Cylindrical shells strengthened by additional external stiffeners, which are also referred to as stiffened cylindrical shells, have been extensively investigated by researchers. However, shell structures stiffened through corrugation, herein referred to as corrugated shell structures, have remained almost untouched as quite a few experimental studies have been reported in this regard. It is important to note that stiffening of thin-walled shell structures through corrugation may result in considerable conservation of material and favorable performance, and hence further studies are required to investigate the buckling stability as well as performance of corrugated shell structures. This paper presents an experimental study on such corrugated thin-walled structures under uniform peripheral pressure. Test results are compared with theoretical predictions and accordingly satisfactory results are obtained. Moreover, different buckling/failure modes are identified and investigated in the current experimental study.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2015 14:47:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1367359</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental Examination of Deteriorated and Rehabilitated Corrugated Metal Culverts Subjected to Service Load</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1290022</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many culverts in North America are in various states of deterioration resulting in diminished structural and/or hydraulic capacities. A culvert’s failure could result in road subsidence or even collapse, leading to serious consequences for vehicular traffic and public safety. The goal of this research is to establish distress and failure mechanisms for rehabilitated culverts made from corrugated metal and concrete pipes, as well as liner-culvert-soil interaction mechanisms, in support of the development of sound design methodologies for these repairs.  A series of tests were performed on deteriorated 24-inch metal culverts prior to and following rehabilitation using various trenchless lining methods.  This research employed either exhumed deteriorated corrugated metal pipe culverts or corrugated metal pipes deteriorated mechanically by removing 25 percent of the metal within a pre-determined arc along the lower half of the culvert. Culvert specimens were carefully bedded, backfilled, and compacted in soil within a test chamber, and then loaded using a pneumatic loading system to simulate deep burial conditions. Deformation and strains were measured at multiple locations around the circumference of the culvert’s structure during application of load, while earth pressure cells recorded stresses in the embedment zone. The deformed culvert was then rehabilitated using a cured-in-place liner, a slip liner, or a spiral-wound liner, and external load was re-applied. Numerical simulation of culvert was also performed using ANSYS. Responses of the deteriorated and rehabilitated soil-pipe systems were recorded and compared. The results revealed that the degree of compaction of the bedding materials plays a critical role in determining the stress distributed on the culvert.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 2014 09:17:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1290022</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Substitution of corrugated sheets in a railway vehicle's body structure by a multiple-requirement based selection process</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286081</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To simplify construction, reduce weight and improve mechanical properties, a sandwich panel substitution process is performed on corrugated sheets in the floor and roof of a rail vehicle car body. A requirement based selection is used to design the sandwich panels with the corrugated sheet mechanical characteristics as boundaries. Car body stiffness is evaluated by modal analysis. The derived panels reduce the mass of the car body by 600–700 kg. Results show the varying importance of the longitudinal, transverse and shear properties of the floor and roof panels, as well as how efficient the corrugated sheets actually are.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2014 10:45:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286081</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. Eleventh Edition</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1118365</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The first edition of the Standard Specifications was published in 1931, and it was followed by the 1935, 1941, 1944, 1949, 1953 1957, 1961, 1965 and 1969 revised editions. The present and eleventh edition constitutes a revision of the 1969 edition, including those changes adopted up through 1972. The vast amount of research and development in both steel and concrete structures practically dictates the necessity of revising the specifications every three or four years, and the 1973 edition is no exception in this trend. The present edition is presented in two Divisions, (I) Design and (II) Construction. Within the Design Division are the following sections: (1) General Features of Design; (2) Loads; (3) Distribution of Loads; (4) Substructures and Retaining Walls; (5) Concrete Design; (6) Prestressed Concrete; (7) Structural Steel Design; (8) Corrugated Metal and Structural Plate Pipes and Pipe-Arches; (9) Structural Plate Arches; 10) Timber Structures; (11) Load Capacity Rating of Existing Bridges; (12) Elastomeric Bearings; and (13) Steel Tunnel Liner Plates. Within the Construction Division are the following sections: (1) Excavation and Fill; (2) Sheet Piles; (3) Bearing Piles; (4) Concrete Masonry; (5) Reinforcement; (6) Ashlar Masonry; (7) Mortar Rubble Masonry; (8) Dry Rubble Masonry; (9) Brick Masonry; (10) Steel Structures Fabrication; (11) Bronze or Copper-Alloy Bearing and Expansion Plates; (12) Steel Grid Flooring; (13) Railings; (14) Painting Metal Structures; (15) Protection of Embankments and Slopes; (16) Concrete Cribbing; (17) Waterproofing; (18) Dampproofing; (19) Name Plates; (20) Timber Structures; (21) Preservative Treatments for Timber; (22) Timber Cribbing; (23) Construction and Installation of Corrugated Metal and Structural Plate Pipes, Pipe-Arches and Arches; (24) Wearing Surfaces; (25) Elastomeric Bearings; and (26) Construction of Tunnel Using Steel Tunnel Liner Plates.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Oct 2011 07:38:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1118365</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effectiveness of Metal and Concrete Pipe Currently Installed in Missouri (Phase 2)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/875425</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A review and assessment of the effectiveness of corrugated metal (corrugated galvanized steel, aluminized steel, aluminized-bituminous coated steel, aluminum alloy, epoxy coated steel pipe) and reinforced concrete pipe currently installed on Missouri DOT’s system and of the specifications as written. This report will concentrate on the condition of the pipe with only minor mention of the specification changes made in 2004; a future report will address more fully the specification.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Nov 2008 08:07:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/875425</guid>
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