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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>AN INTERLABORATORY STUDY OF THE TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING LOW-LEVELS OF CHLORIDE IN CONCRETE AND RAW MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/177472</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An interlaboratory study was conducted among five laboratories which perform the certification testing for chloride content in prestressed concrete. A precision statement regarding the accuracy of the method was developed after repeating the test program at six months. The maximum standard deviation determined in this study was slightly larger than that determined in a previous study. The difference was insignificant and did not require a change in specification for limiting chloride in prestressed concrete. However, a change in specification was recommended for the range of test results from .15 to .08 lb/cy for a valid determination of chloride content of concrete.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/177472</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>STRENGTH OF CRACKED CERAMICS IN HOT CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/456576</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A study was conducted on the effect of surface cracks of the fracture strength of ceramics used for lower-quality fuelled gas turbines or diesel engines.  Experiments were carried out on the fracture strength by bending stress and tensile stress under various test conditions.  Partially stabilized zirconia, silicon carbide and silicon nitride were used for test specimens and the tests were performed in the range of 650 to 12000oC for 1.5 hours to 150 hours with and without corrosive ash.  Vanadium pentoxide and/or sodium sulphate were applied on the surface of the bending test specimen and tensile test specimens were exposed to combustion gas flow containing sulphur and sodium.  In order to simulate mechanical surface defects on the specimens, Vickers hardness indentation method or blast erosion damage was applied as a quantitative tool. A conventional bending machine with an electric furnace and a burner rig with a tensile loading apparatus were used in fracture strength tests.  The experimental results show that the existence of artificial corrosive ash containing sodium sulphate or hold in low quality fuelled combustion gas, the fracture strength of cracked specimen is comparable to the non cracked or smooth specimen and there was no scattering among the results.  On an electric furnace test the bending strength of a cracked specimen applying sodium sulphate had considerable scattering under similar test conditions. It seems this difference depends on whether the molten salt enters into the cracks or not.  In the case of the burner rig tests, a dynamic pressure activate entering of gaseous or liquid molten salt into the cracks, but on the electric furnace the sodium sulphate did not always dissolve sufficiently or was not active.  Some experimental facts supporting this hypothesis were obtained with EPMA.  These results mean that at least on lower-quality fuelled gas turbine engines the high quality finishing work on the blade surface is useless rather than significant.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/456576</guid>
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      <title>MATERIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR HIGH-DEFORMATION SEALING SYSTEMS IN H2S AND CHLORIDE ENVIRONMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434062</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A series of unique metal-to-metal sealing systems which use high deformation of the seal member has demonstrated excellent seal performance at high and low pressures in gas and liquid streams. However, because the high deformation makes even conventional ring gasket materials prone to hydrogen sulphide cracking, the soft carbon steels used in early applications cannot be used in hydrogen sulphide service. A development program was initiated to evaluate materials which would have appropriate sealing characteristics but can undergo significant cold strain and avoid stress corrosion cracking when exposed to hydrogen sulphide and/or chlorides.  Numerous materials were evaluated for hardness, strength and strain-hardening characteristics to select materials which will seal as effectively as soft carbon steel. The prime choices were tested in chloride solutions with hydrogen sulphide saturation to verify that stress corrosion cracking does not occur.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434062</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>HYDROGEN METABOLISM IN SULPHATE-REDUCING BACTERIA AND ITS ROLE IN ANAEROBIC CORROSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/437003</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is generally accepted that in the absence of oxygen, corrosion of metals occurs largely due to microbial activity. Sulphate-reducing bacteria are identified as the single most common causative microorganism responsible for the corrosion process under anaerobic conditions. They are believed to influence the overall process either directly, by consuming cathodic hydrogen, or indirectly, by producing sulphide as an end products of their metabolism, which then gives rise to cathodically active FeS. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the high corrosion rates observed in the field. It is not the author's intention to evaluate these hypotheses, but instead the main aim of this review is to assemble and analyse the literature concerning hydrogen metabolism in sulphate-reducing bacteria and its role in the anaerobic  corrosion process. In recent years evidence has been accumulating that quite clearly demonstrates the importance of hydrogen utilisation from metal surfaces via the hydrogenase enzyme in anaerobic corrosion. Thus, to bring this point to focus, the physiology of sulphate-reducers is discussed with respect to their ability to consume and produce hydrogen. Also discussed is the recent evidence obtained by several investigators in favour of the cathodic depolarisation hypothesis. Finally, a foundation is laid down for future studies that may help to provide a unifying concept about the very complex process of anaerobic corrosion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/437003</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STATISTICS OF A LARGE CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM IN LAKE MARACAIBO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/433701</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The very corrosive environment of Lake Maracaibo has required more than 110,000 leak clamps during a 20-year period on the many pipelines on its bed. Of the three main corrosion mechanisms the first is galvanic, the principal source being more than 2300km of abandoned bare pipe. Next is physical-chemical corrosion, where the rates are about three times those observed in seawater. The third is the destruction of pipe coating by human activity and biofouling. An extensive programme of corrosion control described in this paper resulted in savings of more than 1000 million US dollars over a 20-year period.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/433701</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF WELDED DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL FOR ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE PRODUCTION VESSELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434135</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the results of corrosion and cracking tests conducted in 1985 to qualify 22% Cr, 5% Ni (2205) duplex stainless steel for use in four large oilfield processing vessels at the Lisburne Oil Field on the North Slope of Alaska. The environmental resistance of duplex stainless steel has been studied extensively since 1985. However, the work reported in this paper is significant because it was some of the first testing done to evaluate the use of the material in sour oil processing service.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434135</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PREDICTION OF CREEP LIFE OF TYPE 304 STAINLESS STEEL UNDER HOT CORROSION AND CREEP ENVIRONMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434762</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recently, superheater tubes of power plant boilers using heavy oil as fuel have suffered hot corrosion and creep damage cause by substances in the fuel ash. To predict the creep life of type 304 stainless steel used as boiler superheater tubes, tests were carried out over a temperature range of 903 to 1023 degrees K in static air for specimens both with and without double layer coatings of corrosives according to the new hot corrosion test methods. An equation for creep life prediction for type 304 stainless steel under hot corrosion conditions was derived by extrapolating creep rupture data. It was determined that the creep life depends on aggressive intergranular penetration of sulphides and tube wall thinning and that creep rupture life is significantly shortened at temperatures near the melting point of the corrosion products.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434762</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF SULFUR CONTENT ON CORROSION FATIGUE PROPERTIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434851</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fatigue tests have been performed in both air and dripping corrosive liquids with pH7 and pH13 under rotating bending load at the cyclic frequency of 300 rpm. The materials used in this test are four kinds of normalised and tempered (NT) steels and four kinds of quenched and tempered (QT) ones whose sulphur content whose sulphur content changes from 0.001 to 0.050%, respectively. Corrosion fatigue strength has been evaluated from the points of on corrosive liquids and sulphur contents. In addition, fractographic observation has been discussed. Then, it is confirmed that the fatigue strength in corrosive environments is not so dependent on sulphur contents, though it becomes between 1/3 to 1/6 times of that on air and the number of pits and cracks increase with the increase the sulphur contents.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434851</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TREATMENT OF DRILLING FLUID TO COMBAT DRILL PIPE CORROSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/437502</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The rate of corrosion of drill pipe due to different drilling fluid compositions has been studied. Polymers used to formulate different fluid samples are cellulose ethers, lignosulphonates and synthetic copolymers. Samples are stressed chemically by adding gypsum and lime and heated up to a temperature of 230 degrees C. Both electrochemical and weight-loss techniques were used to study the corrosion rate of the steel coupons. Results have shown that drilling fluids containing cellulose ethers and lignosulfonates exhibit severe corrosion rate of the steel coupons under bottom hole conditions. However, synthetic copolymers such as vinyl sulphonate vinyl amide and styrene sulphonate maleic acid maintain the corrosion rate of the steel coupons to an acceptable level.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/437502</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION IN AGGRESSIVE MARINE ENVIRONMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/436998</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reinforced concrete is being increasingly used in the construction of important and cost marine structures in aggressive environments such as found in the Arabian Gulf states. In such highly aggressive and corrosive environments it is essential to select the correct concrete materials to match the exposure severity and to adopt proper construction practices to obtain a high quality dense and impermeable concrete. The paper outlines the nature of exposure and the deterioration mechanisms in seawater and provides a set of specific recommendations to obtain durable concrete in aggressive marine environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/436998</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WELLHEAD SYSTEM TO PRETENSION THE CASING AND METAL SEAL THE ANNULUS FOR HOT, DEEP CORROSIVE WELLS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434130</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When drilling wells for the extraction of hydrocarbons there are two established conventional methods of suspending casing and sealing the annulus: 1. by the use of a conventional wellhead stack with slips and elastomeric seals, which often involves removal of the BOP stack during slip installation, or 2. by the use of a unified casing head (multibowl) with mandrel type hangers and seal assemblies run through the BOP. A recent joint development programme between a wellhead equipment supplier and an oil company seeks to provide the advantages of both systems by providing casing tensioning capability, positive casing hanger lock-down, and a high performance metal sealing system. The advantages of this system are particularly applicable to offshore platform installations in terms of both economics and safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434130</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF SACRIFICIAL ALUMINIUM ANODE EFFICIENCY IN A HOT PRODUCED BRINE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/436487</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sacrificial aluminium anodes are frequently used in brine tanks and water compartments of oilfield vessels for cathodic protection. Additional anode performance data in these harsh environments is needed to better predict system life and prevent premature shutdowns for anode replacement. This article presents the results of two complete life-cycle studies on a total of 12 aluminium anodes in an 80 degrees C produced brine.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/436487</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CATHODIC REACTIONS INVOLVED IN METALLIC CORROSION IN CHLORINATED SALINE ENVIRONMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/437506</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The cathodic electrode processes which may be involved during the metallic corrosion in chlorine-treated and untreated seawaters have been studied. The reactions were produced at the surface of a rotating gold disc electrode using a base solution of 0.6 M sodium chloride + 0.1 M sodium sulphate. The reductions of chlorine species are the major cathodic reactions in chlorinated water systems. They are pH dependent and particularly enhanced when the acidity of the solution increases. The overall reduction of chlorine is found to be mass-transport controlled. The influence of bromide in the seawater on the cathodic electrode processes has been studied. The free chlorine in the solution rapidly oxidises the bromide to form free bromine. Bromine is hereby shown to slightly enhance the cathodic reduction processes in the potential range -200 to +600mV (SCE), and may thereby enhance metallic corrosion. The reduction processes may be hindered when small quantities of ammonium ions are introduced to the solution. The beneficial effect on the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steels in chlorinated seawater by alloying with nitrogen is discussed in this context.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/437506</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASPECTS OF FATIGUE CRACKS IN SHIP STEELS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF LIQUID CORROSIVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/439894</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/439894</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CORROSION FATIGUE OF HOT-GALVANISED COMPONENT-LIKE WELDED JOINTS IN CHLORIDE MEDIUM AT CHANGING CORROSION CONDITIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434132</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The project focused on investigation of the fatigue behaviour of welded specimens of hot galvanised steel plates of RSt 37-2, St 52-3 and St 70-2, as frequently used in steel constructions, repaired by thermal zinc-spraying in the fillet area and tested in changing corrosion conditions. The fatigue behaviour of welded specimens with additional PK coating of both galvanised and non-galvanised types in changing corrosion reactions was also investigated. The findings are 1. At constant amplitude loading, hot-galvanising strongly precludes the endurance loss due to corrosion.  Under variable loading, hot-galvanising gives an increase in fatigue strength under certain conditions only and welding of hot-galvanised parts is improved only if a given zinc coating thickness is not exceeded. 2. Hot-galvanised RSt 37-2 and St 52-3 are more suitable for welding than the more notch- and corrosion-sensitive St 70-2. 3. Soldering brittleness can not be established as the cause of failure. 4. PVC protective layers greatly increased fatigue resistance for non-galvanised specimens.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434132</guid>
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