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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Impact of Load on the Contact Surface of Cooperating Chain Links of Scraper Conveyors</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604606</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article presents the impact of load on the contact surface of cooperating chain links in scraper conveyors. A finite element method (FEM) simulation was conducted for a chain operating on a sprocket, based on which stress and strain maps were determined for different load levels. The contact surface areas of the chain links and the reaction forces were also calculated depending on the load, which allowed the determination of surface pressures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 17:03:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604606</guid>
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      <title>Towards universally designed autonomous people mover: a survey analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2573653</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One in six people worldwide live with a disability. People with disabilities (PwDs) have essential needs, including autonomy, social participation, and inclusion, which accessible autonomous vehicles (AVs) can help to mitigate through better access to transport. The needs and design preferences of PwDs for the introduction of these technologies are crucial in ensuring that AVs are inclusive and meet the specific requirements of all users. This study conducted a comprehensive examination of the challenges associated with current modes of transportation for PwDs, as well as their perceptions and preferences regarding the design features of AVs. An online survey was utilized to gather insights from a sample of 344 individuals with diverse types of disabilities. The survey presented four AV designs and asked individuals several questions about their preferences regarding these designs. Findings revealed several issues with current public transportation, including overcrowding and limited seating capacity, concerns about ramps, accessibility of handholds, securing oneself during transit, needing driver assistance, and facing challenges with boarding and disembarking. In total, 59 % of PwDs reported varying levels of unfamiliarity with AVs, indicating a clear opportunity for educational initiatives aimed at raising awareness and familiarity with AVs. The results further supported the market opportunity for medium-sized and side-entry AV people movers. This study provides design principles that can be developed to promote the universal design of AVs accessible to everyone. The concerns reported by PwDs could contribute to the government establishing tailored legislation towards universal design and enhancing public acceptance of AV technology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2025 13:39:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2573653</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Assessing an automated people mover system in Qatar through traffic microsimulation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2493229</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Automated People Mover bus systems are considered a key in improving a city's transport system performance, as they can pool several passengers together, resulting in few cars on the roads. Such systems are expected to bloom in later stages of vehicle automation adoption as for the moment their biggest challenge is their co-existence with human-driven vehicles which are essentially unpredictable. The aim of this study is to investigate the interaction of an APM system with the rest of the vehicular traffic of an urban road network and assess its traffic impacts in the transition era towards vehicles’ automation and connectivity. This is achieved through well-defined what-if alternative scenarios that considered different Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) stages, ie. different levels of AV penetration rates and AV technology maturity levels. The results showed that AVs, and specifically the deployment of an APM system, have the potential to contribute positively. This contribution can be reflected twofold; first, as a decrease in the average number of delays associated with the performance of the APM system and second, as a decrease in the average number of stops of the overall transport network performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Feb 2025 13:50:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2493229</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Port Everglades New International Cruise Terminal and Airport People Mover Connection: Development Strategy for the Largest Cruise Terminal Complex on the US East Coast</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2218044</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Port Everglades of Fort Lauderdale, Florida recently established its Year 2020 Strategic Master Plan as planned by TranSystems Corporation to include five, ten and 20-year comprehensive development visions. The Master Plan called for an enhancement of cruise and cargo facilities within Port Everglades' Northport, Midport and Southport site areas with the intent to propel the port to new heights for primary business. Currently, the Port reflects primary business lines within the Caribbean cruise market and containerized Latin American trade — and provides South Florida's gateway for liquid and dry bulk cargoes. To meet the forecasted future demand for cruise services, roughly seven million passengers by Year 2020, TranSystems Corporation planned and conceptually designed a world-class International Cruise Complex which will accommodate a maximum of six Eagle Class cruise vessels simultaneously for Northport. A second Northport cruise complex will establish facilities to accommodate four additional mega-cruise vessels by use of a unique bi-level finger pier. Port Everglades will then offer 13 cruise terminals of which ten can support mega-cruise ships. And, capital investment in these cruise facilities will position the Port as the premier South Florida gateway to the Caribbean. To alleviate passenger and vehicular congestion at both the Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport and the seaport serving cruise passengers, TranSystems is currently assisting Port Everglades and the Broward County team with a feasibility study for "People Mover" system as a transportation solution. The project will explore the use of an automated overhead fixed guide way transit system, along the lines of the Seattle Monorail, or other similar facilities to move people. "People Mover" comprises an integral portion of the Port Everglades Year 2020 Strategic Master Plan, and is planned to alleviate vehicular and passenger congestion both at the Port and at Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Dec 2024 11:59:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2218044</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A physical‒data-driven combined strategy for load identification of tire type rail transit vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431831</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tire load is one of the basic input parameters required for vehicle design and safety evaluation. Identifying the tire load with high accuracy is of great significance. However, the direct measurement of tire load is often high-cost and complex. Meanwhile, load identification solely based on physical measurement or data has great limitations of low accuracy and low robustness. This paper proposes a physical‒data-driven combined load identification strategy that includes an extended Kalman filter (EKF) and a data-driven correction model. These two models are configured in series. Derived from a physical state-space model of the vehicle dynamics, the EKF is used for the preliminary identification of the load. The data-driven model extracts the spatial and temporal characteristics of signals through the convolutional neural network and bidirectional gated recurrent unit, and then predicts the errors of the extended Kalman filter and corrects the identified results. The presented strategy is applied to an APM300 rubber wheel vehicle for load identification. The results have shown that the physical‒data-driven combined strategy can reduce the influence of parameter perturbation and improve the identification accuracy (6.4%). Thanks to organically combining the physical- and data-driven methods and integrating the rules and experience of the entire system, the strategy has strong generalization performance. Compared with traditional algorithms, the presented strategy could effectively reduce the error of load identification, improve adaptability under different operating conditions, and handle the measurement error of different noise levels, which are of practical application value in the engineering field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Oct 2024 08:46:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431831</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Operation Organization Methods for Automated People Mover Systems at Airports</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975928</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years, China’s air passenger throughput has grown rapidly; some new airports being built or planned for expansion are designed with more and larger terminals and facilities that may be spread over large areas. Accompanied with the increasing scale and complexity of airports, the automated people mover (APM) systems are in high demand which provide safe, reliable and efficient passenger transport services on relatively closed, independent lines. Based on the brief description of current situation of APM systems, this paper takes Beijing Capital International Airport as an example to analyze the passenger flow. Subsequently, the authors propose the organization methods of passengers and the operation planning for APM systems in terms of influence factors so as to ensure the efficiency of APM systems at airports. Finally, the adjustment methods of operation planning are addressed considering the fluctuation of daily passenger flow in the actual operation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Sep 2024 16:50:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975928</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-learning-based multistate monitoring method of belt conveyor turning section</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2410593</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During transportation, bulk materials are susceptible to spillage due to equipment instability and environmental factors, resulting in increased maintenance costs and environmental pollution. Thus, intelligent and efficient condition monitoring is crucial for maintaining operational efficiency of transfer equipment. It facilitates the timely identification of potential safety hazards, preventing accidents from occurring or their impact from spreading, thereby minimizing production and maintenance costs. This study presents a deep-learning-based multioperation synchronous monitoring method suitable for belt conveyors that integrate target segmentation and detection networks to simultaneously diagnose belt deviation, measure conveying load, identify idlers, and do other tasks on a self-made dataset. This method effectively reduces the complexity of multistate simultaneous monitoring and monitoring costs, thereby avoiding environmental pollution caused by transportation accidents. Experimental results show that the segmentation accuracy of the proposed method can be up to 88.72%, with a detection accuracy of 91.3% and an overall inference speed of 90.9 frames per second. Furthermore, by extending the dataset, the proposed method can incorporate additional tasks, such as belt damage, scattered material, and foreign object identifications. This study has practical significance in ensuring the normal and eco-friendly operation of bulk material transportation. The authors' source dataset is available at https://github.com/zhangzhangzhang1618/dataset-for-turnning-section.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Sep 2024 09:14:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2410593</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Planning Research for Automated People Mover System at Airports</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975955</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In order to reduce the passenger’s walking time and improve the service level of the airport, the airport usually needs the equipment to assist passengers to travel. The automatic people mover system (APM system) is a reliable transportation device. The application of the APM system at the airport can effectively solve the traffic problem, and the APM system has a great impact on the airport. Therefore, this paper analyzes the relationship between the airport master plan and the APM system. The APM system is part of the airport master plan. When planning the APM system, the overall plan of the airport must be considered. At the same time, the APM system plan is divided into site setting, station design and line conditions. Each part has different classifications according to different requirements. Based on this, the APM system can be planned according to different actual conditions to ensure the effective and orderly operation of the airport traffic.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Aug 2024 16:30:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975955</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Automatic Feedback Cruising Control of the Aeromovel Automated People Mover</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2389975</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aeromovel consists of a new concept of steel-wheel steel-rail automated people mover (APM). The operation procedure depends on a propulsion system based upon the use of pneumatic power systems that insufflate pressured air inside a duct where a rodless piston connected to the vehicle is driven. In the traditional configuration of the Aeromovel, the power system is designed and adjusted for operating with open loop control strategies. In recent years, Aeromovel application have significantly expanded, resulting in new challenges to be overcome, especially that associated with different trajectories that the vehicles must be performed due to geometric restriction imposed by existent airports’ architectural configurations. Aiming at overcoming these difficulties, a novel automatic driving strategy, based on feedback control, is being developed for the vehicle cruising control. This article deals with this new challenge and the design of the feedback cruising control algorithms that are being developed, including numerical results achieved by simulation performed with a suitable physical model of the system. The closed loop strategy is based on the definition of a desired velocity trajectory that is tracked by driving the blower based pneumatic power system to increase or decrease the effective force applied to the vehicle, forcing the trajectory to converge to the desired one. In this work, the design of the closed loop algorithm and the simulation results using a comprehensive model are addressed, showing the effectiveness of the proposed cruising control strategy. The new line that is being developed to operate in GRU Airport—São Paulo-BR main’s airport—is used as a case-study for availing the analysis strategy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jun 2024 13:59:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2389975</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Examination of Factors Affecting APM Conductor Rail System Reliability</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2389927</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Conductor rail systems (CRS) typically comprise less than 5% of an APM (Austomated People Movers) system’s total cost, yet they can have an outsized impact on an APM’s reliability. Critical variables to conductor rail performance include performance specifications; design, development, and testing; interface coordination with other subsystems; installation quality; and maintenance. Interface coordination between the conductor rail system and other APM subsystems such as the vehicle, guideway, guideway switches, and power distribution system must receive proper attention in the specification and design stages of a project. This paper identifies a sampling of critical aspects of interface coordination and draws upon specific examples of incomplete or incorrect interface specifications and their consequences. The author provides recommendations for interface specifications between the CRS and the associated APM subsystems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jun 2024 13:59:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2389927</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Problems of Wear of the Chains Used in Mine Scraper Conveyors, Caused by Friction and Corrosion</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2364636</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Scraper chains are the main transport cables of scraper conveyors. Problems related to the processes of destruction of link chains used in these conveyors are described. Design of scraper chains and their division into different types for use in scraper conveyors are presented. The most common damages to chains used in scraper conveyors are presented and the reasons of their wear are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Apr 2024 15:18:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2364636</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Time Study for the Power Stow Rollertrack Conveyor for Airport Baggage Handling</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2314277</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A time study was conducted to evaluate the operation efficiency and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) for using the Power Stow Rollertrack Conveyor (PSRC) for baggage handling in the cargo holds of narrow-bodied aircrafts. The PSRC employs a retractable roller conveyor from a belt loader to provide powered transportation for loading and unloading baggage in the cargo holds. Thirteen baggage handlers at the Boston Logan International Airport participated in the data collection, which involved videotaping their work postures and methods during baggage handling operations in the cargo holds of the Boeing 737 and 757 aircrafts. Results showed that the PSRC provided improved efficiency in handling baggage, especially for unloading baggage by about 2 bags per minute. There was no significant difference in the total time spent on the risk factors for MSDs, such as lifting, pushing and pulling tasks per person for each bag between PSRC users and non-users.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jan 2024 10:03:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2314277</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design of a Manipulator of a Conveyor for Bulk Materials - Calculation of the Center of Gravity of the Conveyor</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2145228</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The predominant goal of the research presented in this paper is the design of a manipulator for a conveyor of bulk materials based on the given requirements. This issue is an emerging topical one mainly for the reasons of increasing efficiency and speed, as well as the safety of maintenance of machines and equipment. Especially, another essential aspect is the reduction of the physical strain on operators during service operations on the conveyor of bulk materials. The introductory part of this paper attends to the materials used for the production of steel structures, their technological processing, as well as different types of joining of their components. The practical part was set out to ascertain the mass and position of the center of gravity of the load itself - the conveyor. From the perspective of acting, it loads the entire proposed structure, although in different operating modes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 May 2023 17:41:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2145228</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Friction and Wear Characterization of the Tribosystem Scraper versus Rubber in Conveyor Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2129357</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rubber conveyor belts are an important part of the transport chain in many industries, ranging from food processing to steel mills. In this context, it is important to employ scrapers, which remove adhering goods from the belts and reduce loss of these resources during transport. The tribological contact between belt and scraper is of high importance as this often is a source of wear and unintended energy consumption. In this work, the interaction between scrapers and belt was investigated by utilizing a pin-on-disk setup with and without abrasive intermedia. A strong dependence of friction and wear on the alignment angle between pin and belt was proven by the investigations. An orthogonal setup caused the highest coefficient of friction, but the lowest wear, while an increasing deviation from the 90° alignment, resulted in an inverse trend. Also, the geometrical shape and size of the abrasive determined wear, as larger, sharper particles enhanced wear. Abrasive particles likewise influence the tribological contact between pin and belt by reducing the friction compared with the 2-body contact.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Apr 2023 14:51:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2129357</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Machine Vision Using for Detecting Defects in the Flow of Goods</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974781</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper considers the implementation of machine vision in the field of visual quality control of eggs. Hardware and software components are described that allow for visual inspection and to Recognition egg defects. The proposed system for recognizing defects in chicken eggs was tested on a conveyor of the poultry farm and estimates of errors in recognizing defects were obtained. Possibility is shown to create compact and cheap points of quality analysis to place them on all sections of the conveyor of the poultry farm.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Apr 2023 16:19:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974781</guid>
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