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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Traffic facility dynamic optimisation for freeway dense interchanges: generic approach study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643310</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To address space constraints in dense freeway interchange sections, this study proposes the Traffic Control Device Selection Model for Traffic Information (TCDSM-TI). It overlays optimised signs on existing information via selected facilities to convey road details effectively. A driving simulation experiment involving 39 drivers evaluated various designs. The results indicate the following: (1) Iterative TCDSM-TI optimisation, statistical validation, and comprehensive assessment are required because of the varied optimisation effects of different sign combinations and sequences. (2) Optimal sign combinations are crucial for enhancing route clarity and driving stability. (3) Sign effectiveness is closely linked to road geometry, with multiple exit warning signs enabling smoother speed adjustments. A 2.5 km exit guide sign should be optimised for continuous guidance, while ground text guides and navigation prompts should improve comfort and stability. This study supports the optimised design and practical application of traffic facilities in dense freeway interchanges, thereby mitigating the negative impacts of complex road conditions on drivers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 16:15:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643310</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Aerial Manipulator Interaction with the Environment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581888</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This chapter investigates the problem of an aerial manipulator interacting with the environment. The chapter is split into two parts. The former considers an aerial device with tilting propellers that, thanks to a super-twisting slide mode controller, can control the interaction force for inspection task purposes. The latter proposes a hardware-in-the-loop simulator for human cooperation and environmental interaction with an aerial manipulator. This part includes the mathematical background and theoretical derivation with insights into the relative stability proofs. Simulations in a highly realistic environment endowed with a physics engine and real experiments validate both the proposed approaches.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Mar 2026 17:01:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581888</guid>
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      <title>Numerical Modeling for Control to Achieve Early Activation of Urea SCR Catalysts by Electric Heating</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646093</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, an electrically heating catalyst (EHC) is installed upstream of the SCR catalyst in a diesel engine exhaust system to raise the exhaust gas temperature. This allows the SCR catalyst to be activated early by electric heating in the low-temperature region below the active temperature, thereby improving NOₓ conversion efficiency. A numerical model has been developed to calculate the required power of the EHC for setting the target temperature of exhaust gas entering the SCR catalyst based on exhaust gas flow rate, exhaust gas composition, and exhaust gas temperature at the EHC inlet.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 14:47:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646093</guid>
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      <title>Traffic Sign Management for Local Urban Streets Handbook</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676798</link>
      <description><![CDATA[n 2010, the Local Road Research Bureau (LRRB) developed the Traffic Sign Maintenance/Management Handbook. The focus of this current project will be to review and update the 2010 handbook, with a specific focus on local urban streets and guidance on using the minimum signage appropriate to the setting. Street signage is a critical part of maintaining a safe roadway, ensuring drivers are fully informed of conditions. However, in a densely developed urban setting with significant pedestrian activity, on-street parking, and frequent driveways, excessive signage can clutter the right-of-way and compromise public safety. The MN Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MN MUTCD) provides guidance on signage types, numbers, placement, and size. Although a comprehensive resource, its focus is more on higher-speed, limited-access highways than on local streets. It requires interpretation, and there is often no specific guidance for local urban streets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 08:45:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676798</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Traffic Control Device Analysis, Testing, and Evaluation Program</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676078</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic control devices (TCDs) are the primary means of communicating highway information to road users and play a key role in highway automation. The design, application, and maintenance of TCDs is under constant transformation as new technologies, methodologies, and policies are introduced. In addition, vehicle technologies and the roadway infrastructure industry are rapidly evolving, spurred by technology advancements, customer demand, changes in the vehicle fleet, and changes in national and state policies. The research team will provide Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) a mechanism to quickly and effectively conduct high priority evaluations of issues related to TCDs. The TCD issues to be evaluated in this project could represent new devices or technologies, new applications of an existing device or technology, TCD material performance, changes in TxDOT’s practices regarding a TCD, or other TCD related needs. Examples of various evaluations include human factors, machine vision performance, safety and operational effects, visibility assessments, and cost effectiveness analyses. The activities conducted through this project will support the development of TCD related policy, specifications, guidelines, handbooks, and training.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2026 12:32:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676078</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>State of Uncontrolled Crosswalk Control in the US and Recommended Application for Practitioners</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2562250</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Three major guidelines used by state and city agencies across the US for deciding traffic control devices (TCD) at uncontrolled crosswalks are the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), Safe Transportation for Every Pedestrian (STEP) Guide, and National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 562 (the Report). The MUTCD contains guidelines and warrants for individual TCD but not selection criteria for a full range of countermeasures at uncontrolled crosswalks. While MUTCD is widely used, some agencies use the Guide, while others use the Report, but not both. This paper presents a case study by analyzing 10 mid-block crosswalks and demonstrates that using the three documents in combination leads to a countermeasure design that is not only safer but also more efficient than when using just one or two documents. Thus, this research provides guidance to practitioners for combining competing uncontrolled crosswalk installation frameworks to arrive at the best countermeasure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2562250</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Research on Optimization Method for Tunnel Contour Mark Spacing under the Environment of Colored Pavement Based on Visual Perception</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613299</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To improve safety and comfort in tunnels, from the perspective of visual perception, we propose a method for optimizing contour mark spacing under the environment of colored pavement in tunnels. Firstly, we use simulation technology to conduct speed and curve perception experiments. Then, through regression analysis of experimental data, we propose models for degrees of speed and curve illusion, with the edge rate of facility, number of visible facilities, and pavement color hue as independent variables. On the basis above, we build models of optimized contour mark spacing in straight and curve line segments in tunnels, which take perception illusion and pavement color hue into account. Finally, one tunnel in Fujian Province in China is taken as an example for verification. The proposed optimization method is beneficial for improving the adaptability of the colored pavement and traffic safety facilities in tunnels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613299</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Deterring Bats from Transportation Infrastructure: Methods and Results</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666818</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bat species in North America face many challenges including habitat loss and degradation, mortality at wind turbines, and disease (especially white-nose syndrome [WNS]). As U.S. bat populations decline, transportation structures such as bridges and culverts offer important opportunities for conservation. Across the U.S., Departments of Transportation (DOTs) manage hundreds of thousands of structures, inadvertently providing habitat for millions of bats. While most structures contain common species such as big brown (Eptesicus fuscus), Yuma (Myotis yumanensis) and Brazilian free-tailed (Tadarida brasiliensis) bats, some harbor rare species including the following federally endangered species: Indiana (Myotis sodalis), gray (M. grisescens), and northern long-eared (M. septentrionalis) bats, and a species proposed for listing, the tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus). The conservation value of transportation structures is well-established, but little-known outside of biologists working with DOTs. DOTs regularly remove bats from structures including bridges and culverts either 1) because bats pose a health or safety hazard to people or 2) to protect bats while a structure is repaired or demolished. Current studies highlight two approaches for DOTs to remove bats from structures. Exclusion refers to physically blocking access to structures or portions of structures via techniques such as applying filler materials. Alternatively, deterrents such as acoustic, light, or wind devices to discourage bat use of structures are also under consideration. Thus, DOTs require implementation of practices to either permanently or temporarily exclude bats from structures. However, detailed data regarding cost and efficacy of various exclusion/deterrent protocols are currently lacking. National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 25-63 facilitates current exclusion/deterrent protocol identification and evaluation through literature review, controlled field studies, and development of a guide to standardize DOT protocols including tools facilitating implementation of recommendations. This document describes the development of the project and the research undertaken.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Feb 2026 19:11:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666818</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Prediction of Exhaust Gas Purification Performance of Pd/CZ-based Three-way Catalysts for Plug-in Hybrid Passenger Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630469</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A surface reaction model for the use of MBD was constructed to predict the purification performance of three-way catalysts for plug-in hybrid vehicles. Using a Pd/CZ catalyst that had been subjected to accelerated aging equivalent to 65,000 km of driving, a CO pulse adsorption test was performed using a mini-reactor, as well as light-off tests using lean, stoichiometric, and rich atmospheres. By changing the pre-exponential factor with catalyst deterioration, the numerical model was able to largely reproduce the purification behaviors of CO, C₃H₆, and NO at 150 to 400 °C.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 16:18:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630469</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study of HC trap system to reduce HC emissions during engine cold-start</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630453</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new Hydrocarbon (HC) trap system was developed to reduce exhaust emissions during cold engine start, which is difficult to purify using three-way-catalyst (TWC). The first objective was to trap more variety of HCs, and the second was to suppress the desorption of trapped HCs and retain them until the start of the purification with TWC. To solve these challenges, two types of zeolite materials, Ag-CHA and Cu-FAU, were developed to have pore sizes close to the size of HC molecules and enhance stability of ion-exchange species that promote chemical adsorption. The properties of these materials and their effective arrangement in a three-bed system reduced HC emissions during engine cold start by more than 50% compared to TWC systems．]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 08:43:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630453</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Strategies for Deterring Bats from Transportation Infrastructure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666718</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents a guide to select and implement methods to temporarily deter and/or exclude bats from transportation structures ahead of and during construction and maintenance activities. The guide describes methods that are both sensitive to the biological needs of bats and effective for a range of geographical locations, project types, and site conditions. The guide was developed following a series of field evaluations, with a focus on nonlethal ultrasonic acoustic devices used alone and in combination with other methods. The findings of this research effort will prove useful to staff at state departments of transportation (DOTs) in balancing efficient project delivery with the need for responsible bat population stewardship.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 07 Feb 2026 12:17:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666718</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Traffic Control Device Analysis, Testing, and Evaluation Program: FY 2025 Activities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658061</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic control devices are a primary means of communicating highway information to road users and play a key role in highway automation. The design, application, and maintenance of traffic control devices are under constant transformation as new technologies, methodologies, and policies are introduced. In addition, vehicle technologies and the roadway infrastructure industry are rapidly evolving, spurred by technology advancements, customer demand, changes in the vehicle fleet, and changes in national and state policies. This project provides the Texas Department of Transportation with a mechanism to conduct high-priority, limited-scope evaluations of issues related to traffic control devices. Researchers conducted five activities during the 2025 fiscal year. Two of which were considered internal in nature, so those findings are not included herein. The remaining activities are ongoing and will be documented in future reports, as deemed appropriate. Research activities included in this report are: (1)  Evaluation of driveway assistance devices in lane closures on two-lane, two-way roads. (2) Evaluation of motorist understanding of wait time display options for portable traffic signals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 14:13:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658061</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Spatial Analysis of School-Related Pedestrian Crashes Near Urban Schools: Comparing Area-Based and Segment-Based Models in Developing Countries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2661768</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ensuring pedestrian safety, especially for children near urban schools in developing countries, has always been critical in transportation and urban planning. Most prior research has employed area-based approaches with global statistical methods, which overlook spatial heterogeneity. This study explored how the built environment near schools affects pedestrian crashes, using both area-based and segment-based approaches. Eight models—global and local—were developed to analyze factors influencing pedestrian crashes near schools. Global models included Poisson regression (PR1) and negative binomial regression (NB2) for area-based analysis and binary logistic regression (LR1 and LR2) for segment-based analysis. Local models included geographically weighted Poisson (GP1 and GP2) and logistic (GL1 and GL2) regression for area-based and segment-based analyses, respectively. These models were applied using 5 years of crash data across two strategies: (1) school-age and (2) all-age. High-crash locations were identified using kernel density estimation based on significant variables. The results revealed that local area-based models (GP1 and GP2) have better accuracy than their corresponding global models. These local models showed that some variables (such as transit stop’ density and land use entropy) had location-specific effects. In global models, the all-age area-based model (NB2) demonstrated that some variables positively associate (arterial roads, transit stops’ density, average betweenness, and land use entropy) with crash counts during school start and end times. The segment-based models (LR1 and LR2) showed that some variables (arterial roads, average betweenness, one-way streets, and commercial land use) increase crash likelihood, while some others (residential land use, medians and pedestrian overpasses) reduce it.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 10:06:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2661768</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ohio Department of Transportation’s Intersection Inventory</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2644530</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) originally published the Model Inventory of Roadway Elements – MIRE 1.0 guidance on a set of recommended safety data elements for State departments of transportation (DOTs) in 2010. These elements could support a variety of network and site-specific safety analyses, as well as support the methods introduced in the First Edition of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ Highway Safety Manual. In 2017, FHWA updated and expanded the MIRE guidance and introduced the concept of MIRE Fundamental Data Elements (FDEs). These MIRE FDEs include data elements for roadway segments, intersections, and interchange/ramps on non-local paved roads, as well as smaller subsets for local paved and unpaved roads. This case study presents an effort by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) to (1) develop a digital inventory of intersection locations on all public roads in the State, and (2) collect MIRE FDEs at those intersections to support statewide safety screening and analysis. The intersection inventory will serve several important purposes for ODOT, including meeting Federal data requirements and substantially improving data analysis capabilities. ODOT’s data integration with existing and future data analysis systems and work with FHWA’s Applications of Enterprise Geographic Information Systems for Transportation (AEGIST) pooled fund study will expand intersection safety analysis capabilities throughout the agency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Jan 2026 10:46:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2644530</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Florida Department of Transportation’s Roadmap for Collecting Model Inventory of Roadway Elements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2644521</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) originally published the Model Inventory of Roadway Elements – MIRE 1.0 guidance on a set of recommended safety data elements for State departments of transportation (DOTs) in 2010. These elements could support a variety of network and site-specific safety analyses, as well as support the methods introduced in the First Edition of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ Highway Safety Manual. In 2017, FHWA updated and expanded the MIRE guidance and introduced the concept of MIRE Fundamental Data Elements (FDEs). These MIRE FDEs included data elements for roadway segments, intersections, and interchange/ramps on non-local paved roads, as well as smaller subsets for local paved and unpaved roads. This case study presents an effort by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) as it navigated the process of capturing MIRE FDEs for all public roads. The purpose is to provide a potential roadmap for other States as they prepare their safety data inventories to meet the 2026 deadline and support safety programs intended to reduce fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. FDOT’s safety data program is an example of how multiple data approaches and collaboration across DOT offices can be organized into a comprehensive program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Jan 2026 10:46:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2644521</guid>
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