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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Impact of modular design: Performance evaluation and operating policies of a modular robotic compact storage and retrieval system</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636330</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study is motivated by a new robotic compact system, the modular robotic compact (MRC) storage and retrieval system. Unlike traditional robotic compact systems, the MRC system comprises multiple modules, each equipped with a robot movement layer and several storage layers. Although the modular design reduces vertical travel time during reshuffling, it compromises space utilisation and increases costs. This study models and analyses the system under different workstation assignment policies (dedicated versus shared) and reshuffling policies (immediate versus delayed). It also examines the impact of robot blocking on system throughput. The system is modelled using closed queuing networks under various operating policies, and the analytical models are validated through simulation. The results yield several managerial insights: First, the shared workstation assignment policy achieves higher utilisation and throughput compared with the dedicated workstation assignment policy. Second, the MRC system is less susceptible to robot congestion. Third, a threshold value, β, is identified such that immediate reshuffling (IR) is applied when the semi-perimeter of the footprint exceeds β, whereas delayed reshuffling (DR) is employed otherwise. Finally, for the same total storage capacity, the AutoStore system incurs lower costs, while the MRC system demonstrates superior throughput and reduced carbon emissions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:46:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636330</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DISCUSSION OF FOUNDATION CUTOFF WALL FOR ALLEGHENY RESERVOIR DAM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/122519</link>
      <description><![CDATA[REFERENCES: GARTH A. FUQUAY, JOURNAL OF THE SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATIONS DIVISION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, PROC. PAPER 5231, MAY 1967.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:43:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/122519</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>FAILURES OF BULKHEAD AND EXCAVATION BRACING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121910</link>
      <description><![CDATA[FACTORS LEADING TO FAILURES OF BULKHEADS AND BRACING SYSTEMS ARE ANALYZED UNDER THE FOLLOWING CLASSIFICATIONS: (1) EXCESSIVE EARTH PRESSURE, (2) INADEQUATE SUPPORT, (3) INADEQUATE CONSIDERATION OF OR ALLOWANCE FOR DEFLECTION, (4) POOR DESIGN DETAILS, (5) CORROSION OR DETERIORATION OF THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS, AND (6) LACK OF CONSIDERATION OF EFFECT OF CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS, BOTH FOR THE BULKHEAD OR BRACING AND FOR RELATED ADJACENT STRUCTURES. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT FAILURES OF ANCHOR BULKHEADS AND EXCAVATION BRACING SELDOM ARE THE RESULT OF THE INADEQUACIES OF MODERN EARTH PRESSURE THEORIES. INSTEAD THEY ARE CAUSED BY THE NEGLECT OF BACK FILL LOADS, CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS THAT PRODUCE EXCESSIVE EARTH PRESSURE, POORLY DESIGNED SUPPORT SYSTEMS, INADEQUATE ALLOWANCE FOR DEFLECTION, DETERIORATION AND CORROSION, AND POOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS. ADEQUATE ATTENTION TO THE SOIL STRUCTURE SYSTEM BEHAVIOR AS WELL AS A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR EARTH PRESSURE ARE ESSENTIAL TO AVOID FAILURES AND TO PROVIDE ECONOMICAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. THE DESIGNER MUST EVALUATE THE LOAD AND DEFORMATION CONDITIONS AS ACCURATELY AS MODERN THEORY PERMITS, THEN USE HIS INTUITION AND IMAGINATION TO DEVELOP A SYSTEM THAT WILL ALLOW FOR CONSTRUCTION BLUNDERS AND UNKNOWN LOADINGS AS WELL AS FOR THE WEAR AND TEAR OF USE AND MISUSE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:41:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121910</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SUMMARY OF TREATMENTS FOR HIGHWAY EMBANKMENTS ON SOFT FOUNDATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121705</link>
      <description><![CDATA[EVALUATION AND SOLUTION OF FOUNDATION PROBLEMS INVOLVING HIGHWAY EMBANKMENTS IN NEW YORK STATE ARE BEING SUMMARIZED. CRITICAL SOILS AREAS ARE LOCATED AND SUFFICIENT DATA OBTAINED TO DETERMINE THE SOIL PROPERTIES. BY ESTABLISHING CLOSE COORDINATION BETWEEN THE LOCATION ENGINEERS AND SOILS ENGINEERS, IT IS OFTEN POSSIBLE TO AVOID CRITICAL SOILS PROBLEMS HAVING EXPENSIVE SOLUTIONS BY MINOR SHIFTS IN ALIGNMENT. THE MOST ECONOMICAL AND SATISFACTORY SOLUTION TO AN EMBANKMENT FOUNDATION PROBLEM IS DETERMINED NOT ONLY BY THE SOIL PROPERTIES, BUT ALSO BY CONSIDERATION OF CONSTRUCTION TIME, RIGHT-OF-WAY, LOCATION OF PROJECT, COST AND AVAILABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, AND HIGHWAY GEOMETRICS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:40:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121705</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEGRADATION OF GRANULAR EMBANKMENTS AND FOUNDATION MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/108335</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THERE ARE MANY AREAS IN THE STATE OF ALASKA WHICH CONTAIN MATERIAL OF QUESTIONABLE AND INFERIOR QUALITY FOR USE AS SUBBASE AND BASE COURSE MATERIAL DUE TO THEIR DEGRADING CHARACTERISTICS. THE GREAT MAJORITY OF THESE AGGREGATES WILL PASS PRESENT SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND, THEREFORE, A QUALITY TEST WHICH WILL SATISFACTORILY PREDICT DEGRADING CHARACTERISTICS IS BADLY NEEDED. THIS REPORT PRESENTS AN EVALUATION OF DEGRADATION TEST METHODS PRESENTLY BEING USED IN THE STATES OF OREGON, WASHINGTON, CALIFORNIA, IDAHO, AND ALASKA. THIS EVALUATION WAS BASED UPON' /1/ CORRELATION BETWEEN TEST RESULTS AND ACTUAL FIELD PERFORMANCE OF THE AGGREGATE, /2/ SIMPLICITY OF PROCEDURE AND REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS, /3/ ABILITY TO BE ADAPTED TO FIELD USE, AND /4/ COST OF NECESSARY EQUIPMENT. A TOTAL OF 19 CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS WERE SELECTED, 4 OF WHICH WERE FIELD TEST SITES, EACH USING A DIFFERENT TYPE OF AGGREGATE. SAMPLES WERE SECURED AT THE SOURCE, AFTER PLACEMENT, AFTER 1-12 MONTHS SERVICE, AND THE FIELD PERFORMANCE COMPARED WITH THE DEGRADATION TEST RESULTS. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE WASHINGTON DEGRADATION TEST BE ADOPTED FOR USE BY THE ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/108335</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RESTORING CANTON VIADUCT: HISTORY, ENVIRONMENT COMPLICATE RESTORATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/539718</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This  two-part series details the rehabilitation and resoration of the 163-year old Canton Viaduct near Boston, one of four railroad structures listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  This article focuses of construction techniques and environmental concerns.  Keeping trains running while working on this historic structure dating from 1835 in an environmentally sensitive wetland area tests railroad and contractor skills. Design issues were highlighted in the August 1998 issue of Railway Track and Structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Oct 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/539718</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MODEL FOR PUBLIC SECTOR DESIGN-BUILD PROJECT SELECTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/542783</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Public sector owners are rapidly identifying new construction procurement methods. Changing procurement laws and documented project success are encouraging owners to attempt the design-build method of project procurement. Design-build is a radical departure from the traditional design-bid-build method. This paper reports on the analysis of 122 case studies and the resulting automated tool for public sector design-build project selection. Prediction models are developed for five performance criteria that correlate specific project characteristics to success. Performance criteria and associated models include budget variance, schedule variance, conformance to expectations, administrative burden, and overall user satisfaction. Project characteristics are categorized as project, owner, market, and relationship variables. Statistically significant correlations with success include scope definition, schedule definition, budget definition, project complexity, agency experience, agency staffing, owner design input, design-build market, design-builder prequalification, and method of selection.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/542783</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WORK ZONE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS INVOLVING TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES, SAFETY FEATURES, AND CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/542021</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There were 496 work zone traffic accidents on New York State Department of Transportation construction projects from 1994 through 1996.  These accidents involved impacts with work zone traffic control devices and safety features; construction features, such as pavement bumps and joints; drainage features; excavations and materials; and construction vehicles, equipment, and workers.  These items, which include all of the features introduced into the roadway environment by construction activity, represent one-third of all work zone accidents and 37% of those involving serious injury.  Channelizing devices, arrow panels, signs, and other traffic control devices generally resulted in little harm when impacted.  Impact attenuators, both fixed and truck mounted, also performed well.  Although portable concrete barriers prevent vehicle intrusions, impacts with barriers are severe events.  Barriers must be properly designed and limited to only those locations where they are needed to protect more serious hazards.  Construction vehicles, equipment, and workers were involved in over 20% of all work zone accidents, resulting in serious injuries.  Although intrusions by private vehicles into work spaces are a serious concern, construction vehicles, equipment, and workers in open travel lanes are also a serious concern.  Good design of work zone traffic control plans, combined with adequate training and supervision of workers, is essential to control both concerns.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Dec 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/542021</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF LARGE-SCALE SOUNDPROOF DOME WITH DOUBLE MEMBRANE TO TUNNEL AND SHAFT CONSTRUCTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/539251</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Round-the-clock construction of a sewage treatment plant was planned on a site close to a quiet residential area.  In this project, prevention of nighttime construction noise was the prime concern as a precaution against disturbing impacts of the construction work on the surrounding environment.  Adopted as a result was a soundproof dome which was expected to produce the optimal soundproofing effect by covering the whole shaft excavation area.  This report presents the results of measurements of nighttime construction noise, the reduction of which was the point at issue in the project, as well as the results of numerical analysis and full-scale model tests carried out in the design phase.  It then goes on to describe other beneficial effects brought about by the application of the soundproof dome.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Sep 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/539251</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND INFLUENCE FACTORS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/635885</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper provides a framework for the development of strategies for improving construction planning practices. Interrelationships between construction planning and situational factors in the environments within which construction planning is undertaken were examined using regression analysis.  Factors having a critical influence on construction planning were identified.  The results revealed three critical factors that should be incorporated into strategies for improving construction planning effectiveness:  investment of substantial quality time for construction planning prior to the commencement of work on-site, reduced emphasis on developing schedules for monitoring and controlling project progress, and increased emphasis on developing operational plans for project implementation. Significant relationships between the project's environment, organizational characteristics of construction firms, planners' efforts, and construction planning effectiveness are discussed. The paper concludes with implications for construction planning practice.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 19 Sep 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/635885</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HMA OVERLAY CONSTRUCTION WITH ONE-PASS/LANE-WIDTH PCCP RUBBLIZATION (WITH DISCUSSION)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/488040</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A 5.4 km section of portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP) on I-57 in Effingham County, Illinois (near Edgewood) was rubblized with a recently developed (1995) Multiple Head Breaker (MHB) and a 200 mm Hot Mix Asphalt Overlay (HMA OL) placed in a six-week construction operation during the summer of 1996.  The MHB can rubblize a lane-width of concrete pavement in one pass at rates of about 150 to 180 m/hr.  Various aspects of project development and construction are presented.  The success of the project has prompted the Illinois Department of Transportation to consider PCCP rubblization and HMA OL a viable and cost effective rehabilitation option that is particularly appropriate when PCCP patching quantities are high and/or concrete deterioration is in an advanced stage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/488040</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>REPORT OF CUSTOMER ORIENTED HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION WORKSHOP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/484556</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Customer Oriented Highway Construction Workshop was held in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, on October 13-14, 1997.  Its purpose was to improve safety, reduce delays and minimize disruption in highway construction and maintenance work areas.  Workshop participants recommended the formation of a Technical Working Group (TWG) on Highway Construction.  The concept is to have a policy group whose focus is to provide guidance to the highway construction industry.  The TWG would be composed of senior personnel from the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) member departments, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and industry who represent a spectrum of disciplines.  The first assignment for the TWG would be to specifically identify how to accomplish the action items identified at the workshop and to determine who should be responsible for making it happen.  Key issues discussed at the workshop and summarized in this report include: customer relations; contracting; performance; and construction operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/484556</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BENEFITS OF DAY-LABOR (NON-CONTRACT) CONSTRUCTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/485002</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There are benefits to be derived from carrying out road construction by day-labor, as opposed to contract, especially for municipal jobs of one million dollars or less.  The emphasis is on capable, flexible staff.  The author believes municipal staff have a greater commitment to quality and to the community; and that the use of staff provides more public input before and during construction.  The permanent staff members are aware that they will have to live with the results of their work, and pay taxes to maintain it.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/485002</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ULTRAPAVE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/483864</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Premature rutting is a common problem with asphalt concrete pavements, particularly when they are subjected to frequent heavy-axle loading.  Producers of asphalt modifiers claim that polymers reduce rutting and other distresses by providing stability and durability to the pavement.  This project evaluates and compares two modifiers of a dense graded hot-mix asphalt overlay for performance, cost, and ease of construction. A styrene-butadiene (vulcanized) binder has been the standard additive used by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) as an asphaltic concrete (AC) modifier.  It is a thermoplastic polymer blended with liquid asphalt at the refinery before shipping.  ODOT is now testing ULTRAPAVE 70, a new product from Goodyear.  This liquid styrene butadiene rubber latex thermoset polymer is shipped directly to the asphalt plant in a tanker and fed into the pugmill or in-line to the drum mixer.  A maintenance overlay contract was awarded for I-40 in Division V, Beckham County and an 8.85 km (5.50 mi) section of the outside eastbound lane was selected as the test site.  A 4.15 km (2.58 mi) section was overlaid with the standard thermoplastic polymer mix and a 4.70 km (2.92 mi) section with the ULTRAPAVE 70 mix.  A comparative analysis of the performance of the two mixes found them to be equally effective in reducing rutting.  The ULTRAPAVE 70 was, however, a more versatile product which allowed for simpler alternation between modified and unmodified mixes at the batch plant.  It is recommended that the use of ULTRAPAVE 70 be permitted on ODOT projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/483864</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN AUTOMATED MODELING SYSTEM FOR SIMULATING EARTHMOVING OPERATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/476333</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Resource-based modeling (RBM) is a general methodology for automating the modeling process of construction simulation. This paper substantiates the RBM concepts and develops an automated modeling system for simulating earthmoving operations (RBM-earth). Focusing on the properties involved in earthmoving operations, an atomic model library consisting of eight basic atomic models, an equipment database, miscellaneous linking structures, and the user interface have been developed in RBM-earth. The biggest advantage of RBM-earth is that a flexible project-specific simulation model can be generated in a very little time without requiring the user to be proficient in simulation, as required by many current modeling systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/476333</guid>
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