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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Central Columns in the Subway Station in Response to Groundwater Level Rise</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2632988</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Shallow underground excavation techniques are widely employed in urban subway construction, and the pile–beam–arch (PBA) method is especially prevalent in subway stations’ construction. This method is primarily designed to address the challenges posed by complex geological conditions, dense underground utilities and the proximity of existing structures encountered during the comprehensive development process of urban subterranean environments. This research focuses on the Workers’ Stadium Station of Beijing Metro Line 17, utilizing MIDAS GTS NX computational simulation software to simulate the stratigraphic structure and construction processes associated with the station. A comparative analysis is conducted between the numerical simulation results and the corresponding field-measured data. By fitting the numerical simulation results and field-measured data with a Gaussian function, the coefficient of determination (R2) is determined to be 0.9723. This indicates an excellent agreement between the axial forces sustained by the CFST column in the model and the field-measured data across various excavation stages of the PBA method. This suggests that the numerical modeling effectively reflects the impact of actual construction activities on the CFST columns. Additionally, building upon this model and integrating principles from elastic mechanics theory, the paper investigates the impact of rising groundwater levels on the central column of the station during its operational phase. The analysis reveals that as the groundwater levels rise, both the central column’s axial force and axial displacement exhibit a gradual upward trend, with the rate of increase initially rising before subsequently declining. Notably, when the groundwater level reaches the top slab of the station, both parameters attain their maximum values. This research contributes to understanding the implications of groundwater level fluctuations on the stability of subway stations and offers recommendations for the ongoing operation of such facilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 16:19:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2632988</guid>
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      <title>Computing in Civil Engineering 2024: Building Information Modeling, Digital Twins, and Simulation and Visualization</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2695138</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This collection contains 83 peer-reviewed papers on building information modeling (BIM), digital twins, and simulation and visualization.  Topics include: innovations in structures; modular and industrialized construction; simulated processes; simulation in construction; visualization innovation; BIM in practice; BIM specialty tools; blockchain in construction; computing in construction management; digital twins concepts; digital twins in action; inference in point clouds; model content generation; point cloud instance segmentation; point cloud processing and application; reality capture; and specialty BIM.  This collection offers a current overview of the state of computing within the civil engineering space for computing science and civil engineering researchers globally.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2026 17:37:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2695138</guid>
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      <title>Time–Cost Trade-Off Optimization in Ultralong Tunnel Construction Based on Working Face Planning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652046</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ultralong tunnels are a critical component of constructing transportation infrastructure in mountainous regions. The construction period of these tunnels has a direct impact on the overall process of opening the line to traffic and operation. Although parallel construction technology with multiple working faces can effectively shorten the construction period, it leads to a significant increase in costs related to labor allocation, equipment deployment, and the construction of ancillary tunnels. This study proposes a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) model to address the challenge of dynamically optimizing the balance between construction time and costs. The model is based on the cost-differentiated characteristics of different tunneling directions during tunnel construction and integrates decision variables related to construction directions. An adaptive, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II with an elite retention strategy (ANSGA-II-ERS) is subsequently implemented to address the model. This optimization model effectively addresses the issues of low efficiency and suboptimal economic performance inherent in traditional manual decision-making methods, thereby enriching the theoretical framework for optimizing the construction schedules of ultralong tunnels. The verification results from practical engineering cases demonstrate that compared with the original construction plan, under the constraints of the construction period and resources, the plan optimized by this model successfully reduced one ancillary tunnel and two construction working faces, significantly enhancing the overall project benefits. The findings of this research endeavor can provide project decision makers with a scientific and quantifiable basis for selecting a plan. This study has significant theoretical value and broad engineering application prospects for ultralong tunnel projects with various geological conditions and construction scales.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 16:15:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652046</guid>
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      <title>Determination of Interrelationships between Organizational System Variables during Implementation of Change: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH [Report 1 of 17]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683223</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Qualitative studies were undertaken by having group discussions and one-on-one interview sessions with all engineers working for the Oahu District. Among the positive findings are that there is adequate team work, engineers are motivated by the nature of work and challenges posed, engineers wish to enhance their knowledge, and job responsibilities were clear. Among the negative findings are that the change order procedure is unduly cumbersome, design-construction coordination and integration is inadequate, and engineers have insufficient knowledge and training in their construction management vocation. Oahu District engineers perceive a complete lack of trust, faith, or support from upper management. There is a lack of formal motivation by the Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT); organization structure is inadequate to respond to tasks; some field offices have serious management and morale problems; and janitorial work is disliked. Whereas the recent induction of computers is a positive change, quite a few engineers were not sure how to use them. Resident engineers reported difficulties with CE Ill's and inspectors alike. Inspectors reported inexperience and the unwillingness of engineers to do field work as a reason for poor engineering caliber. Among the recommendations are to downsize, increase specialization, increase workload of engineers, delegate more authority to all level of engineers, streamline change order process, create new sub-divisions for planning and scheduling and claims and change orders, increase standards for hiring inspectors, consider making contractor responsible for quality control, and curtail the new hiring at CE III level. The organization structure should be revamped.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 11 Apr 2026 17:09:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683223</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Intelligent Selection of Concrete Bridge Construction Methods in Egypt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2165117</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During the early stages of bridge design, the decision on possible reliable structural configurations bears on many considerations such as maintenance, aesthetics, durability, construction method (i.e. CM), and environmental impact, amongst others. Recent studies suggest that quality can be improved in Egypt if design and planning during the pre-construction phase are improved. Other studies performed on superstructure construction methods used in Egypt reveal that in 43% of the studied cases the method used was not the best solution. One of the reasons for that is the inadequate study of alternative construction methods. Triggered by such findings this paper attempts to develop an intelligent decision support system that helps both designers and construction professionals during the early stages of a project to evaluate alternative construction methods of concrete bridges in Egypt using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Research findings suggest that the main criteria affecting evaluation are cost, duration, bridge physical characteristics, stakeholders' objectives, characteristics of construction method, the environment, and external constraints. A cost model has been developed and benefit to cost ratio is calculated for each alternative method. The paper concludes by emphasising the importance of incorporating construction knowledge in the design process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 29 Mar 2026 17:20:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2165117</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>RoadSim: Simulation Modelling Applied to Road Construction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2165214</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Simulation is an approach which can be applied to model construction operations and in particular at the construction planning stage. It can provide the necessary information to ensure that the resource allocation and construction methodology are appropriate to obtain the best possible project performance. In the particular case of road construction — characterised for the utilisation of heavy and expensive equipment and highly influenced by a number of risk factors — simulation can allow a thorough evaluation of all possible and feasible construction alternatives and provide analysis related to the compatibility between resources used in different activities. Also, very little simulation research work has been conducted in the area of road construction. In this context, the objective of this paper is to present a knowledge-based simulator that was developed in the course of this research that will be able to assist planners in the process of selection of resources, definition of the construction methodology, determination of the construction cost and time. The system is designated RoadSim and this paper describes briefly the respective features and capabilities, using an international contract as case study.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 29 Mar 2026 17:20:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2165214</guid>
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      <title>Lean Construction and the Digital Transformation of the AEC Industry: Towards Efficient, Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652195</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is experiencing a fundamental transformation driven by two powerful movements Lean Construction and digital innovation. Together, these forces are redefining how infrastructure is conceived, designed, and delivered. Lean Construction represents a paradigm shift from the traditional project-centric approach to a production-based management philosophy that focuses on delivering maximum client value while systematically eliminating waste. Simultaneously, digital technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Digital Twins, the Internet of Things (IoT) and robotics have become enablers of Lean transformation. This fusion often termed Lean Construction 4.0 is revolutionizing the AEC industry by integrating collaborative planning, real-time data, and continuous feedback loops. For India, particularly in the public works sector, the convergence of Lean and digital technologies offers a path to more efficient, sustainable, and resilient infrastructure delivery. This paper examines the philosophy, tools, and ecosystem of Lean Construction, its integration with emerging digital technologies and its implications for transforming the AEC industry and public sector project management.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:54:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652195</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Visualization in Collaborative Construction Management Decision Support System on Bridge Construction Project</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2159429</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Share precise information in the Construction Management tends to be difficult in the AEC Industry. For this reason Construction work is hardly carried out smoothly. This document was an attempt to propose the Collaborative Supported FAA application and CG-CICC system, and its application in the Sashiki Bridge construction process. Through the case studies, the evaluation method for them is found to be necessary not only by the cost and the period of production but by some other performance evaluators.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 07 Mar 2026 16:05:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2159429</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Method for Constructing Geosynthetics-Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall with Rigid Facing Using Lightweight Embedded Formwork Applicable to Narrow Spaces</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2635981</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a construction method for geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls with rigid facing that can be used in narrow spaces. We developed settlement-following components to prevent backfill settlement from causing formwork deformation when formwork and backfill are connected. The proposed method uses these components in combination with lightweight embedded formwork to simultaneously construct the formwork and reinforced-backfill from the rear side, eliminating the need for scaffolding. A trial construction was conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. Results confirmed settlement-following components functioned properly in a retaining wall with a height of 2.4 m. Considering the allowable sliding displacement of the components, the maximum height of this method is estimated to be approximately 4.0 m.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2026 15:39:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2635981</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Scheduling of Ready-Mixed Concrete Distribution with Time Constraints and Balance of Working Hours</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613091</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The transportation of ready-mixed concrete is challenging not only due to its unique physical properties but also because of the dynamic conditions at construction sites. This study proposes a scheduling model for ready-mixed concrete from a single concrete production plant to multiple construction sites, aiming to ensure that the construction schedule remains unaffected while maximizing the profitability of the concrete production plant. A genetic algorithm is employed to resolve the model. The variance among concrete trucks’ working times is then considered, with the goal of minimizing this variance to achieve a more balanced workload across all trucks. The case study has proven that the model not only enhances the profitability of commercial concrete production enterprises and reduces waiting time at construction sites but also considers the fairness and interests of drivers, achieving a win-win situation for all parties.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613091</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GIS Implementation for Managing Construction Work Zones: A Case Study of Seattle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2562087</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The rapid development in Seattle has significantly increased construction activities within the right-of-way (ROW), leading to widespread work zones (WZs). Effective management of these work zones is critical to protecting local communities’ mobility, safety, and economy. In 2017, the Seattle Department of Transportation (SDOT) adopted dotMaps, a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based tool, to improve the ROW’s coordination and management of construction activities. Since its adoption, the tool has reportedly enabled SDOT to exercise finer control over the city’s WZs. This research examines the early implementation of dotMaps at SDOT, investigating the key factors contributing to a smooth deployment. Data were collected through direct observation of SDOT’s WZ management processes, interviews with key stakeholders, and analysis of primary documents. The findings outline and analyze these factors, including user interface design, leveraging permitting authority, data streamlining, and strategies for external stakeholder engagement. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on implementing GIS to optimize WZ management for ROW utility and construction projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Jan 2026 16:16:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2562087</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Review of Protocols Used for Evaluating Defective Asphalt Materials and Pavements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2651513</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) construction specifications include procedures to deal with unacceptable materials that do not meet the specification requirements. When the materials are considered “defective,” the engineer can reject those materials, whether in place or not. The contractor is then directed to remove and replace all rejected materials, or if approved by the engineer, an engineering analysis can be conducted on the in-place material to determine if the material should be removed or remain in place. This project examines the adequacy of current FDOT practices to evaluate defective materials and whether additional test procedures can improve current practices. The evaluation included the review and analysis of in-place pavement sections where defective materials were left in place and a laboratory evaluation to assess the performance of dense-graded mixes and FC-5 mixes produced in the laboratory to simulate different production and construction scenarios. The evaluation of the in-place pavement sections for specific mix and failure type combinations suggested that leaving the defective materials in place did not result in post-construction pavement failures. The laboratory evaluation showed that for dense-graded mixes, the APA and HT-IDT tests were able to discriminate mixes among the different production construction scenarios and that both tests have a fair correlation. For FC-5 mixes, the Cantabro test was also able to discriminate mixes among different production scenarios. The laboratory results suggest that the APA, HT-IDT, and Cantabro tests could be used to improve current FDOT practices in evaluating defective materials.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 14:44:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2651513</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of Equipment Rental Schedule for Illinois</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2657015</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During highway construction, the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) resident engineer commonly adds “extra work” to the contract as needed for satisfactory completion of the project. One of the formats for contractor reimbursement requires establishing an hourly compensation rate for contractor-owned equipment used to perform the extra work and similar equipment owned by local agencies eligible for Motor Fuel Tax funding. Construction equipment rental rates vary widely according to factors, including equipment age, type, overhaul labor and parts, field labor and parts, capacity, estimated operating costs, availability, the geographic and climatic conditions at the job site, etc. It is critical that each highway agency, including IDOT, establish specific policies and standard guidelines to deal with construction equipment reimbursement in force account work in a fair manner to contractors. This project develops a comprehensive equipment rate schedule model to establish hourly compensation rates for contractor-owned equipment used in performing extra work. The model incorporates ownership costs—such as depreciation, overhead, and overhaul costs—and operating costs, including fuel, tire, and lubrication expenses. A methodology for annual rate updates is also developed. Additionally, the project delivers a user-friendly, web-based tool that can be operated and maintained by IDOT.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 14:44:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2657015</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Develop Best Practice to Improve CRCP Performance near Transverse Construction Joints</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652074</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research team will develop best practices to enhance the performance of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) near transverse construction joints (TCJs). To support this effort, the research team will identify key construction variables that affect concrete compaction quality near TCJs through a combination of literature review, surveys, field investigations, and statistical analysis. Based on the findings, the research team will develop evidence-based recommendations to ensure acceptable concrete compaction quality and performance of manually constructed TCJs. Upon approval by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), the research team will propose revisions to the statewide standard specifications, CRCP design standards, and quality control procedures related to TCJs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2026 16:35:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652074</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Best Practices for TxDOT Constructability Reviews (CRs)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652071</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research team will provide a framework to minimize project issues through improved Constructability Reviews (CRs). The research team will develop a cost/benefit analysis to justify CRs on projects of all scopes. The research team will develop a Guidebook of Best Practices will be developed to help the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) improve construction plan quality and minimize project durations and costs. The Guidebook will discuss using knowledgeable construction personnel to review, ensuring adequate time for reviewing, ensuring clear and relevant comments that designers consider and implement, and ensuring that new lessons are continuously communicated back to design teams.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2026 16:26:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652071</guid>
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