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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>The natural cement revival</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1116063</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Experienced masons working on the restoration of historic buildings in the United States cannot help but notice that some American mortars are very different from the traditional lime mortars used in Europe, even though lime has long been an important component in masonry construction. American mortars are clearly tougher and more tenacious than the typical lime mortars, as found in many 19th century commercial, government and industrial buildings. Although some claimed that this is due to the importation of hydraulic limes from Europe, study of the period's plentiful documentation reveals that natural cement was the most widely used hydraulic binder in its time. Key steps are retraced in this paper in the search for the history of natural cement use in the United States, and in rediscovering its origins, production methods and use. In the end, the commercial reintroduction of natural cement for use in historic restoration resulted from these steps.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Sep 2011 11:13:14 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Perspectives: the reintroduction of natural cement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1116061</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Thousands of years of research and development are culminated in the development of natural cement technology. Its use as the primary hydraulic binder in buildings and structures in the United States occurred in the 19th century. It is once again finding a place in the restoration industry today. Ultimately, guiding appropriate use of this traditional 19th century material in 21st century restoration work is the understanding of both the history of this technology and its redefinition in contemporary technical terms. Experts from a wide variety of disciplines were brought together by the First and Second American Natural Cement Conferences in order to re-establish and augment the base of knowledge for this technology and its connection to humanity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Sep 2011 11:13:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1116061</guid>
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      <title>CONCRETE IS NOT FOREVER! : RESTORATION OF PARKING STRUCTURES AND DAMAGE PREVENTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/664334</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Parking structures will deteriorate over time, requiring periodic maintenance and restoration efforts in order to extend their longevity. This article first discusses what constitutes a parking structure that has been designed for durability. Requirements include an appropriate concrete mix, good drainage, reinforcing steel, proper sealing, and expansion joints to supply movement caused by weather and seismic stress. Continual timely maintenance and preventive steps are vital because concrete is not forever.  Appropriate maintenance should include efforts such as repairs to expansion joints, routing and sealing of cracks and control joints to prevent water intrusion, periodic washdowns to remove road salts, application of sealers or membranes to shed water and prevent chloride ion penetration, as well as other preventive practices. Even after great maintenance, all parking structures will deteriorate over time and will need aesthetic as well as structural restorations to extend their lifetime. The best-informed approach to restoration will be based on a cost/benefit analysis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 02 Oct 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/664334</guid>
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      <title>REPAIRING TRACKS LAID ON STEDEF TYPE SLABS DAMAGED DURING DERAILMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/165753</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Three articles include: PRUD'HOMME, A.: Foreword; HOFMANN, C. and PFARRER, H.: Track renewal on the ballast-free test section in the Boettzberg tunnel on the Swiss Federal Railways, following a derailment; CERVI, G.: Repairing the Neuilly-sur-Marne slab track after a derailment.  Different railways have used or tested ballast-free slab tracks, but it was feared that repairs after derailment would be longer and more difficult. After two derailments, however, it has been proved, as the authors show, that repair work can be carried out without too much difficulty.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/165753</guid>
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      <title>EPOXY INJECTION SOLVES UNIQUE PIER PROBLEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/72760</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Crushing of the concrete under the bearing plates of piers of Burlington Northern bridge over Wisconsin River alerted the railroad to other problems including cracks developing in the dense outer concrete shells.  For repair BN sealed the surface cracks and consolidated low-density interior materials by pumping resin mix into cracks and in vertical and horizontal holes in which reinforcing bars had been inserted.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Apr 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title>MODERNISATION OF METHODS FOR REPAIRING REINFORCED CONCRETE SLEEPERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/71857</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No Abstract.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Mar 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/71857</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CONCRETE RESTORATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/40471</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This committee report discusses the continuing increase in utilization of concrete as a building material and its inevitable deterioration which magnifies the problem of restoration or maintenance. Discussed are topics such as remove-and-replace technique, preplaced aggregates, dry-pack method, pneumatically applied mortar, structural crack restoration, and the epoxy injection process. The techniques are presented in general terms as a possible guide to choosing methods to be considered for specific restoration projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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