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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Methodology for Computing Public Benefits of Diverting Passenger Trips from Conventional Modes to HSGT Modes of Travel</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1531858</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 1995 the Federal Railroad Administration conducted a Commercial Feasibility Study (CFS) of new high speed ground transportation (HSGT) intercity modes. The HSGT modes included guided ground transportation technologies ranging from existing steel-wheel-on-rail fossil-fueled systems in the U.S. to a proposed 300-mph maglev system. A large number of  possible U.S. transportation corridors were addressed for the period 2000 to 2040. In support of that study, a methodology was developed at Argonne National Laboratory's Center for Transportation Research (CTR) to estimate and compare energy and petroleum use, and emissions and their monetary values for future scenarios with and without the new HSGT modes. To aid in the computations of the quantities of interest, a computer code was developed and made available for use by Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) staff and supporting contractors. The methodology is described in the body of this report and the associated computer code is outlined in Appendix A. A listing of the computer code is given in Appendix B. The computer code called "SEPEC" calculates the following quantities for each city pair comprising a transportation corridor: (1) Energy and petroleum use for each intercity mode and the corresponding access/egress modes. These calculations are performed with and without the new HSGT mode included in the intercity modal mix. (2) Amounts of pollutant emissions for each intercity mode and the corresponding access/egress modes. These calculations are performed with and without the new HSGT mode included in the intercity modal mix. (3) Total monetary value of the emissions of each pollutant. It then sums the quantities for all city pairs in the corridor and calculates the differences with and without the new HSGT modes, i.e., the after case minus the before case. It also calculates the present values of the emission control cost savings for each pollutant based on the reference years 1995 and 2000.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Aug 2018 23:19:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1531858</guid>
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      <title>Experimental Data for the Validation of Numerical Methods - SAE Reference Notchback Model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1433668</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The use of simulation tools by vehicle manufacturers to design, optimize and validate their vehicles is essential if they are to respond to the demands of their customers, to meet legislative requirements and deliver new vehicles ever more quickly. The use of such tools in the aerodynamics community is already widespread, but they remain some way from replacing physical testing completely. Further advances in simulation capabilities depend on the availability of high quality validation data so that simulation code developers can ensure that they are capturing the physics of the problems in all the important areas of the flow-field.         This paper reports on an experimental program to generate such high quality validation data for a SAE 20 degree backlight angle notchback reference model. This geometry is selected as a particularly powerful test case for the development and validation of numerical tools because the flow exhibits a realistic impingement and A pillar regime, significant three dimensional structures and the backlight/boot-deck exhibits a local separation and reattachment. The paper includes force and moment data, surface pressures for the centerline, slant, boot-deck and base and detailed PIV data for the impingement region, model centerline, A pillar and multiple planes on the slant and boot-deck. Time averaged, statistical and instantaneous data are presented.         Results are discussed with regard to the overall flow features, the correlation between the different data sets and the accuracy and limitations of each of the experimental techniques in this particular application. Example data is included throughout the paper and full data sets are freely available in the Loughborough University Institutional Repository as a resource for future code development.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2017 09:35:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1433668</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Geosynthetic Reinforced Wall Analysis Phase II: Use of In-Soil Geosynthetic Behavior to Predict Deformations, Volume 2: Implementation—Computer Codes and Files</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1378482</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As part of the reconstruction of Interstate 90 in Seattle, Washington, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) designed and supervised the construction of a geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) retaining wall located on Rainier Avenue, Seattle. The Rainier Avenue wall had a maximum height of 12.6 m and supported a nearly 6-m-high surcharge fill. At the time it was constructed, it was the highest GRS wall in the world. The wall was extensively instrumented and monitored during and after construction to evaluate its face deflections and the strain levels occurring in it. To define the actual stress distribution occurring in the Rainier Avenue wall, a two-phase research project was conducted by the University of Washington. Phase I included an extensive laboratory test program that used a newly developed plane strain device. Numerical analysis and modeling of the results of the instrumentation and laboratory tests constituted Phase II. The major tasks of the Phase II project were to (1) analyze the test result of the unit cell device (UCD), a plane strain GRS element testing device developed in Phase I; (2) develop numerical models of the Rainier Avenue wall using both material properties and test results of the UCD; and (3) using the results of tasks 1 and 2, develop a methodology for analyzing the working stress-strain distribution in the GRS retaining structures. The Phase II project was conducted from September 1995 to December 1997. During this period, two research programs were conducted simultaneously. One program concentrated on analyzing the UCD test results, and the other on developing the numerical models of the Rainier Avenue wall. Significant results were obtained from both research programs. Products of the Phase II research include an elasticity model that is capable of analyzing GRS behavior, composite properties of GRS elements, and four numerical models of the Rainier Avenue wall. Improved understanding of the working stress-strain distribution inside GRS retaining structures was also obtained with these products.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jan 2016 14:46:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1378482</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Speed Up Discrete Element Simulation of Asphalt Mixtures with User-Written C++ Codes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/904356</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Compared with an embedded programming language “FISH” within the Particle Flow Code (PFC), the user-written C++ code is an optional feature in the PFC. This optional feature is an advanced application and can improve simulation speeds. In this paper, the user-written C++ codes for two and three dimensional models were developed. The discrete element simulation of asphalt mixtures were conducted with user-written C++ codes along with FISH programs. The simulation results from the two methods were compared. It was found that the user-written C++ program can speed up discrete element simulation, where the speed ratios (C++/FISH) are from 2.34 to 4.95 and the averaged value is 3.74.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 14:58:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/904356</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A simplified model of wheel/rail contact mechanics for non-Hertzian problems and its application in rail vehicle dynamic simulations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/850745</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The presented model assumes semi-elliptical normal pressure distribution in the direction of rolling. The contact area is found by virtual penetration of wheel and rail. The normal pressure is calculated by satisfying contact conditions at the geometrical point of contact. The calculation is non-iterative, fast and completely reliable. It may be carried out on-line in MultiBody Systems (MBS) computer codes. The tests using the programme CONTACT by Kalker and experience from application in MBS codes show that the model is suitable for technical applications. The creep forces have been calculated with the FASTSIM algorithm, adapted for a non-elliptical contact area. Some applications in rail vehicle dynamics and wear simulation have been outlined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 2008 10:28:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/850745</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN OBJECT-ORIENTED APPROACH TO TRANSPORT MODELING: SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TO CALCULATE ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/539998</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A framework for developing object-oriented software in transport modeling is proposed and demonstrated with the implementation of the calculation of road traffic noise (CORTN). Major tasks in the life cycle of an object-oriented development process are identified, and illustrated with the implementation of TRANSOOP - a software library containing 33,000 lines of C++ programming code. Software re-used from this library to produce an object-oriented noise program is compared with conventional computer programming which shows that nearly 90 percent of the lines of code were drawn from TRANSOOP. Advantages of the object-oriented approach are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/539998</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CONSOLIDATED OBJECT REPOSITORY FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING (CORCE). TECHNICAL NOTE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/481812</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Object-oriented systems are emerging from within the field of civil engineering.  A key advantage of object-oriented analysis, design, and programming practices is the reuse potential of the developed code.  To maximize the reuse potential of civil engineering courses, the authors define the requirements for the Consolidated Object Repository for Civil Engineering (CORCE). CORCE information about object-oriented applications, class identification, methods, and attributes are outlined.  The relationship between CORCE and the problem domain element within an application is analyzed.  The authors address issues related to CORCE implementation in terms of development and management of the repository.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/481812</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MODEL SIMPLIFICATION: A CASE STUDY OF END USE DEMAND MODELING IN THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/170612</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The design of a rather simple model of petroleum use by automobiles in the US economy is considered. The model must be simple to allow it to function within a larger end use demand model under construction for use within the FOSSIL2 modeling system. The simple model has been designed so that its behavior under reasonable conditions will resemble the behavior of a much more complex model of the nation's transportation system. The complex model is known as ENTRANS. The model simplification approach described requires a summary of the behavioral response of the more complex model in a form that is readily mimicked by the simple model. The band of uncertainty in the relationships used in the simple model are determined through sensitivity testing of the more complex model. Problems inherent in the model simplification process are discussed in the concluding portion of the paper. (ERA citation 06:022227)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Nov 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/170612</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FLEET-CAR MARKET PENETRATION SIMULATOR: CPEN USER'S GUIDE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/170415</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this manual is to assist prospective users in the understanding and execution of Fleet-Car Market PENetration Simulator (CPEN). CPEN is an interactive FORTRAN program whose purpose is to produce estimates of fleet-market-penetration rates of alternative passenger cars that can be described in terms of specific physical and economic attributes. The data were derived from questionnaires distributed to fleet operators affiliated with National Association of Fleet Administrators (NAFA). Besides the NAFA data, CPEN uses 48 variables that are interactively inserted. Complete data-input descriptions are included in the manual along with algorithm and application flowcharts. Examples of complete successful simulator runs are included for alternative program paths. A listing of the computer program and a glossary for CPEN are included. (ERA citation 06:017064)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Oct 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/170415</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BACKUP SYSTEM TO BART AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM LEADING TO TRANSBAY CROSSING. PROGRESS REPORT, MARCH 1974</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42449</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A program was begun to: (1) investigate problems of the Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART) Automatic Train Control (ATC) system; (2) evaluate tentative corrective strategies; and (3) provide technical evaluations of other system matters. BART ATC problem areas include train detection and collision avoidance resulting from lost occupancy indications. Corrective measures, referred to as the Backup System, were developed to add additional memory capability to the ATC for the last detected position of all trains. Additional efforts are being made to measure the performance of the ATC and to evaluate the logic equations and the traffic-simulation programs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jul 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/42449</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AERODYNAMIC RESISTANCE REDUCTION OF ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES. PROGRESS REPORT, SEPTEMBER 1978</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/89154</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objectives, approach, and FY'78 progress and results of the Aerodynamic Resistance Reduction work element of the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle System R and D Project are described. The generation of an EHV aerodynamic data base was initiated by conducting full-scale wind tunnel tests on 16 vehicles. Zero-yaw drag coefficients ranged from a high of 0.58 for a boxey delivery van and an open roadster to a low of about 0.34 for a current 4-passenger prototype automobile which was designed with aerodynamics as an integrated parameter. A subscale investigation was performed in order to identify any characteristic effects of aspect ratio or fineness ratio which might appear if electric vehicle shape proportions were to vary significantly from current automobiles. Some preliminary results are presented which indicate a 5 to 10% variation in drag over the range of interest. A rigorous procedure was developed in order to determine effective drag coefficient wind-weighting factors over J227a driving cycles in the presence of annual mean wind fields. The applications of this procedure allows a user to accurately account for statistical wind effects in computer simulations by means of a modified constant-drag coefficient. Such coefficients, when properly weighted, were found to be from 5 to 65% greater than the zero-yaw drag coefficient in the cases presented. In order to guide preliminary design work, a review of the general principles of the aerodynamic design of automobiles is presented along with several drag-estimating procedures and commentary. Also included is a vehicle aerodynamics bibliography of over 160 entries, in six general categories.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 17 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/89154</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>URBAN TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONSERVATION. SRGP OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/155459</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SRGP is a computer program for Short Range Generalized transportation Policy analysis for use in analyzing the energy conservation potential of a broad spectrum of transit, carpooling, vanpooling, parking, pricing, and other transportation system management measures. It is intended for use in either an areawide or corridor context and in what is referred to as a sketch planning style of analysis. Outputs include changes in fuel consumption, vehicle emissions, vehicle miles of travel and modal shares for drive alone, shared ride, and transit. Changes in travel behavior are forecast relating to auto ownership, work trip mode choice, and the frequency, destination, and mode choice for both shopping and social/recreational non-work travel. Using a random sample household forecasting procedure, SRGP is a modified version of the program UMODEL, distributed by the US Urban Mass Transportation Administration as part of UTPS, the Urban Transportation Planning System.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/155459</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RADTRAN II: A COMPUTERIZED MODEL FOR RISK ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/168936</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The RADTRAN computer code, which formed the basis for the 1977 US generic transportation risk assessment, has been extensively updated. The updated version of the code, denoted RADTRAN II, includes changes based on findings from other transportation risk studies as well as changes based on reevaluation of earlier assumptions, analyses, and computerization techniques. The environmental impact of the transportation of radioactive material can be envisioned as consisting of five components, incident free transport, non-radiological impacts, vehicular accidents, breaches of security/safeguards, and failures of quality assurance. RADTRAN II is designed to evaluate both the incident-free and the accident contribution directly and can be used to evaluate the contributions of breaches of security and quality assurances deviation if some alterations in coding are made. Non-radiological impacts are not addressed. (ERA citation 06:008645)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/168936</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ELECTRIC/HYBRID VEHICLE SIMULATION PROGRAM (ELVEC) USER'S MANUAL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/89151</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The User's Manual provides the user with enough information to allow him to use the program which resides on National CSS Timeshare. Detailed information is conveyed by the use of several simulation examples and an explanation of the results of these examples (on a line-by-line basis) as required. Except for a brief description of the road load equations, this User's Manual does not include descriptions of the math models. A complete report of the ELVEC simulator is being prepared by the Vehicle Systems Modeling Task Area Team of the Electric nd Hybrid Vehicle System Research and Development Project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This report should be available to those wishing a complete program description by October 1978. However, it is not necessary to possess this information in order to conduct electric and hybrid vehicle performance simulations using ELVEC. Flow charts and source listings are available for those wishing to review the coding. This information should be requested through T.A. Barber, Project Manager, Electric and Hybrid Vehicle System Research and Development Project, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91103.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/89151</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BASELINE DESIGN OF AN OTEC PILOT PLANTSHIP. VOLUME A. DETAILED REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/155614</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) of the Johns Hopkins University has engineered a baseline design of an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) pilot plantship. The work was sponsored jointly by the Department of Energy and the US Maritime Administration of the Department of Commerce. The design, drawings, specifications, supporting calculations, and narrative documentation are available through APL for use by the Government and industry for the acquisition of a pilot OTEC system. The baseline design features a platform that is configured to produce up to 20 MW(e) (net) power, using low-cost folded-tube aluminum heat exchangers, while it grazes slowly in tropical waters where the thermal gradient is greatest and the ocean environment is least severe. The design was developed by a team of contractors whose capabilities provided a systems approach to the design process. The work is documented in three volumes. Volume A is the Detailed report, which develops the design rationale, summarizes important calculations, outlines areas for future work, and presents a study of system costs. Volumes B and C, respectively, contain the engineering drawings and specifications. (ERA citation 05:018641)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/155614</guid>
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