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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=PHNlYXJjaD48cGFyYW1zPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJkYXRlaW4iIHZhbHVlPSJhbGwiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9InN1YmplY3Rsb2dpYyIgdmFsdWU9Im9yIiAvPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJ0ZXJtc2xvZ2ljIiB2YWx1ZT0ib3IiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9ImxvY2F0aW9uIiB2YWx1ZT0iMCIgLz48L3BhcmFtcz48ZmlsdGVycz48ZmlsdGVyIGZpZWxkPSJpbmRleHRlcm1zIiB2YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7Q29tcGFjdGliaWxpdHkmcXVvdDsiIG9yaWdpbmFsX3ZhbHVlPSImcXVvdDtDb21wYWN0aWJpbGl0eSZxdW90OyIgLz48L2ZpbHRlcnM+PHJhbmdlcyAvPjxzb3J0cz48c29ydCBmaWVsZD0icHVibGlzaGVkIiBvcmRlcj0iZGVzYyIgLz48L3NvcnRzPjxwZXJzaXN0cz48cGVyc2lzdCBuYW1lPSJyYW5nZXR5cGUiIHZhbHVlPSJwdWJsaXNoZWRkYXRlIiAvPjwvcGVyc2lzdHM+PC9zZWFyY2g+" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Investigation on Mix Design of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Materials</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704023</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is widely used in asphalt mixture production because it reduces material cost, conserves natural resources, and improves sustainability in pavement construction. However, increasing RAP content can also introduce compactability issues and weak cracking resistance. For this reason, a better understanding of RAP material characteristics and mixture behavior is needed to support reliable mixture design and implementation. This project investigates the mix design, compaction behavior, and low-temperature mechanical performance of RAP mixtures, with additional evaluation of graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) modification. The work includes a literature review on RAP compaction and design, followed by RAP characterization using processed black and white curves, chunk index, gradation, moisture content, and binder content. A gradation-based mix design procedure is developed to prepare mixtures containing 25%, 40%, and 50% RAP. Gyratory compaction testing shows that, under the laboratory conditions used in this study, mixtures with higher RAP contents reach the target air void level with fewer gyrations. Additional testing shows that adding 6% GNP by weight of fresh binder moderately improves compaction and reduces gyration demand, although the benefit becomes limited at lower compaction temperature. Low-temperature semi-circular bend and bending beam rheometer tests indicate that RAP mixtures had fracture energy comparable to the virgin mixture and generally higher apparent fracture toughness and flexural strength. Overall, the results indicate that RAP mixtures designed and prepared under the conditions used in this study can achieve satisfactory compactability and low-temperature performance, supporting the feasibility of using higher RAP contents in asphalt mixtures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 08:54:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704023</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation on Compaction Warm Mix Effect of Plant Hot Recycled Asphalt Mixture</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2632727</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The compaction of plant hot recycled asphalt mixture (PHRAM) is the key to ensuring road performance. In this paper, sixteen groups of PHRAM and eight groups of warm mix asphalt mixture are chosen to investigate whether PHRAM possesses warm mix properties and to confirm the compaction mechanism. The Marshall and Gyratory Testing Machine (GTM) compaction methods are used to compare and analyze the compaction behavior of PHRAM with different mixture compositions. Then, the warm mix mechanism of PHRAM is studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results indicate that PHRAM is more easily compacted than the new asphalt mixture through the GTM method, which is more pronounced given the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content. In addition, the degree of compaction at the equilibrium state is 0.8%–2.8% higher than that of the new asphalt mixture, and the temperature can be reduced by 20°C–30°C. The compaction law of PHRAM is consistent with that of the new asphalt mixture given the surface-active warm mix agent. Through microscopic analysis, the microstructures of porous characteristics and small particles that adhered to the surface of RAP particles contributed to the good compactability of PHARM. In addition, the miscibility inhomogeneity between the aged and new asphalt is distributed in a three-dimensional space, which has an interface sliding effect and promotes the warm mix effect of PHARM. This paper can provide insights into the compaction characteristic of PHARM, offering guidance for optimization of and adjustment to the compaction temperature.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Mar 2026 16:15:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2632727</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation of the compactability of pervious concrete and its impact on porosity and compressive strength</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643551</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Compressive strength is often predicted from porosity or mix-design parameters. The inability to convert laboratory scale-compaction-energy to industrial-scale limits the application of performance prediction models. This study analyses compactability as a predictor which translates easily across studies and applications. Pervious concrete specimens were cast using eight different aggregate-to-cement ratios (2.5–7.0), compaction-levels (0–75 blows from standard-Proctor rammer) and 2-types of compaction energy distribution (single-layer and three-layer distributions). 672 specimens were tested for wet-density, theoretical-porosity, measured-porosity, compressive-strength and compactability. The Analysis-of-Variance and classification techniques, quadratic discriminant analysis and the Boosted Forest algorithm classified two groups of specimens based on five performance parameters with 94% accuracy. This indicated a significant difference imparted by compaction energy distribution on pervious concrete performance. Gaussian Process Regression predicted measured the porosity and compressive strength of samples with compactability and aggregate-to-cement ratio with 94% accuracy for both groups of specimens separately. The combined sample matrix model yielded high accuracy (86%) but failed on marginal observations significantly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 25 Jan 2026 15:40:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643551</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Benchmarking Contiguous Aggregate Ratios with Asphalt Compactability and Rut Resistance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606348</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aggregate packing is the primary determinant of the shear strength, stiffness, and durability of asphalt mixes. The current asphalt mix design practices emphasize using aggregate gradation envelopes as control mechanisms to achieve an enhanced aggregate packing structure with optimum shear strength, durability, and stiffness, and to guarantee rutting resistance. However, experience in South Africa has shown that the bias toward rut-resistant mix designs often leads to compactability problems. The significant knowledge embedded in the basic aggregate gradation curve has the potential to improve the understanding of the compactability and rut resistance of asphalt mixes. Based on the well-known Bailey method, the basic aggregate grading curve is used in this paper to determine various revised rational Bailey ratios (RBRs) that adhere to the contiguous aggregate fractions (i.e., aggregate with consecutive sizes). The determined ratios demonstrated a better description of the aggregate packing. The subsequent correlations analysis performed in this paper indicated that the revised RBRs exhibit strong relationships with compactability (i.e., R2 up to 0.99) and rutting resistance (i.e., R2 up to 0.81) of asphalt mixes. The research work presented in this paper indicates that the revised RBRs can be used to optimize asphalt mix designs via benchmarking methodology. Ranges of the revised rational Bailey parameters for such a benchmarking methodology are proposed to enhance the asphalt grading selection and mix design process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Dec 2025 16:09:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606348</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>3d topological characterisation of aggregates contact network in asphalt mixture</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582181</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aggregates contact each other to form a complex network. 3D topological models are established to characterise the mesostructue of asphalt mixtures. Upon analysing the distribution of 𝘢𝘭𝘨𝘦𝘣𝘳𝘢𝘪𝘤 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘯𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘵𝘺 (𝐋𝐚), it’s observed that topologies are dominated by the topologies corresponding to  𝐋𝐚 = 𝟏.𝟎𝟎𝟎 and  𝐋𝐚 = 𝟐.𝟎𝟎𝟎. And 10 representative topologies are identified. Furthermore, Upon analysing the relationship between coordination number ( 𝑲ₙ), 𝘤𝘭𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘤𝘰𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘵 (𝑪ᵢ) and the maximum size, it’s observed that with the increase of the maximum size, the AC asphalt mixture skeleton is more compact, the compactness of the SMA asphalt mixture is not significantly affected and the fine-grained OGFC asphalt mixture has a more compact skeleton than medium-grained OGFC mixture. Moreover, the AC asphalt mixture skeleton is relatively loose, the SMA asphalt mixture skeleton is more compact and the OGFC asphalt mixture skeleton exhibits the highest degree of compactness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Oct 2025 16:53:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582181</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sensitivity to Laboratory Specimen Fabrication Procedures for Asphalt Emulsion Cold In-Place Recycling Mixtures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2562232</link>
      <description><![CDATA[More widespread use of Cold In-Place Recycling (CIR) has been limited, in part, by uncertainty regarding laboratory design procedures mimicking construction practices in the field, specifically mixing (workability), compaction (compactability), and curing conditions (cohesion gain). Six specimen fabrication procedures were identified as having ambiguous guidance on best practices for asphalt emulsion CIR specimen fabrication in the laboratory. For workability and compactability, (1) use of cement, (2) disturbance or re-mixing of a loose specimen after curing, (3) mixing temperature, (4) humidity control, (5) curing time, and (6) curing temperature were evaluated. The factors identified for cohesion gain include (1) use of cement, (2) testing temperature, (3) mixing temperature, (4) humidity control, (5) curing time, and (6) curing temperature. Overall, curing temperature significantly influenced workability and compactability; while cohesion gain was significantly influenced by test temperature and mixing temperature. The majority of factors did not yield statistically significant differences in test results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Aug 2025 09:19:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2562232</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessing Superpave5 Implementation in Massachusetts: Evaluating the Impact on the Compactibility and Performance of Massachusetts Department of Transportation Mixtures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2577052</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The traditional Superpave method, called Superpave4, targets 4% air voids during laboratory compaction. However, field compaction generally results in 6%–8% air voids, which can negatively affect pavement durability. The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) requires a field density of 95%, equating to 5% air voids; however, achieving this density has been challenging. To address this, MassDOT increased their minimum voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) specification to increase the effective binder content and thus aid compactibility, yet density issues remained. Inspired by the Indiana Department of Transportation’s success with Superpave5, which targets 5% air voids in both the lab and field, MassDOT explored adopting Superpave5 to improve field compaction. The study in this paper compared the compactibilities, workabilities, and mixture performances of Superpave4 and Superpave5 mixtures in MassDOT projects. Four 12.5-mm nominal maximum aggregate size mixtures were evaluated: Superpave4 with VMAs of 14% and 15% and Superpave5 with VMAs of 15% and 16%. Aggregate gradations were optimized using the Bailey method. Compactibility and workability were assessed using construction densification index and workability energy index, respectively. Superpave5 mixtures showed better compactibility and workability. Performance tests, including the Hamburg wheel tracking test (HWTT) and the cracking tolerance index (CTIndex), showed that all mixtures met the MassDOT’s HWTT rutting criteria; however, Superpave5 inconsistently affected the CTIndex, suggesting differences in cracking behavior. FlexPAVE™ simulations showed that Superpave5 offers enhanced long-term rutting resistance, suggesting that it could eliminate the need for higher VMAs in current MassDOT specifications without sacrificing rutting performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2025 14:44:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2577052</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Interim Report on the Influence of Design, Construction and Traffic on Compaction of Hot-Mix Asphaltic Concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2549137</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The density of the various layers of a flexible pavement system has always been a problem to highway engineers. The "in place" density requirement is a specification item for most highway foundation work, but the surface layer of asphaltic concrete may not be subject to such requirements. In Texas, the most common specification for asphaltic concrete does not have an "in place" or "field" density requirement; however, job control samples are made in the laboratory and these samples must conform to certain specifications requirements. These laboratory tests are intended to give the engineer needed information about the density of the surfacing material as it ultimately appears on the roadway. However, there is evidence that an increasing number of asphaltic concrete pavements in Texas are reaching higher densities than those obtained in the laboratory design of the paving mixture; and, others are far below the design density. Some of the primary considerations in the rate and amount of densification of a surface course are: 1. Composition and characteristics of the paving mixture; 2. Construction features (time of year and amount of rolling); and 3 . Deflection of the pavement structure. Hence, it is deemed desirable to examine the influence of the above variables of pavement densification and to try to correlate the laboratory and field compactibility of different paving mixtures throughout Texas. This study will also attempt to determine a recommended optimum field density to be obtained during construction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 11:57:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2549137</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Shape quantification of volcanic cinders and the influence of particle shape indexes on accumulation characteristics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2491342</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Volcanic cinder is a low-cost subgrade fill material in East Africa. A reluctance to use volcanic cinders for subgrades in the past has stemmed from the fact that the compactness is substandard and variable. Considering the irregular shape of volcanic cinders, the compactness can be improved by controlling particle shapes. The shape feature can be described from the macro-meso-microscopic scales through the improved algorithms of shape indexes, namely elongation (EI), roundness (Rd), and roughness (Rg). The shape indexes were calculated based on 2D contours of 1000 volcanic cinder particles, and the influences of shape indexes on accumulation behaviors are explored from macro-mesoscales through the discrete element method (DEM). The shape indexes of volcanic cinders are normally distributed, and EI has the widest variation range. The mesoscale index Rd has an interval effect on compactness and coordination number, whereas they are nearly unaffected by the microscale index Rg. The effect of elongation on particle accumulation behavior is stronger than roundness and roughness. Compactness is positively correlated with EI, and the force-fabric anisotropy degree weakens with increasing EI. Studies of shape quantification provide data reference for improving the utilization rate and accumulation compactness, which promotes the application of volcanic cinders in subgrade constructions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 02 Mar 2025 16:07:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2491342</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A comprehensive evaluation on particles breakage characteristics of waste argillaceous gangue as subgrade filler</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2511196</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reutilising waste argillaceous gangue (AG) in road engineering is crucial to reducing its environmental pollution. To effectively control settlement and long-term performance of subgrade filled with AG, the effects of humidification and loading on the particle crushing evolution of AG were investigated. The effects of dry-wet cycles, compaction work, and initial coarse grain content (CGC) on the breakage characteristics were evaluated. The relationship among fractal dimension D and compaction work, initial CGC, and breakage index Bg was established. The results show that the initial CGC and compactness are essential factors affecting the breakage characteristics of AG. It is recommended that the CGC be controlled at 50% when AG is used as subgrade filler. The fractal dimension increases logarithmically with the increase of compaction work and decreases linearly with the rise of CGC. Fractal dimensions D and Bg can effectively evaluate the breaking process of AG and the gradation after compaction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Feb 2025 16:44:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2511196</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Laboratory Evaluation of the Geotechnical Properties of Biochar Amended Mississippi Chalk</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2377791</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The upkeep and rehabilitation of infrastructure damage related to the shrinking and swelling of expansive soils have cost the United States billions of dollars. Biochar, an innovative and eco-friendly additive proven to improve soil permeability, nutrient retention, and mechanical properties, is investigated as an additive to Mississippi chalk. The index properties of the chalk were determined and used to characterize its nature. The mechanical properties of the chalk amended with 6% and 12% biochar were evaluated via the Proctor compaction, compression, and direct shear tests, and the observed results were analyzed to make comparative remarks on how the behavior of the chalk evolved with biochar percentage. The chalk’s compactibility, compressibility, and shear strength increased as the biochar percentage increased. The cohesion coefficient decreased while the friction angle increased with an increased biochar percentage. The increased shear strength of biochar-amended soil is a promising observation of biochar’s potential as a construction material in geo-transportation projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 02 Jun 2024 17:44:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2377791</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Recycled plastics as synthetic coarse and fine asphalt aggregate</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2310322</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the performance of asphalt concrete containing recycled plastics as synthetic aggregates in the dry mixing process. Two types of recycled plastics were used, namely, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (RABS) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (RPET), based on the high-temperature properties of the plastics that make them suitable to be treated as synthetic aggregates (i.e. do not melt during the asphalt mixing phase). The proportions of recycled plastics were chosen at 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% of the mix mass. The laboratory testing programme includes the evaluation of compactability properties, moisture resistance, cracking resistance via IDEAL-CT test, fatigue resistance via four-point bending beam test and rutting resistance via Hamburg wheel tracking (wet) test. It was found that the inclusion of recycled plastics did affect the compactability of the mixes depending on their relative size and shape. On the other hand, the inclusion of recycled plastics did not significantly vary the moisture resistance of asphalt mixes. The cracking and rutting behaviour of asphalt mixes that incorporated recycled plastics were also modified and some benefits were observed depending on the plastic content and size.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Apr 2024 20:06:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2310322</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Predicting the Compactability of Artificially Cemented Fine-Grained Soils Blended with Waste-Tire-Derived Aggregates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2169517</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the possibility of extending the specific gravity ratio (SGR) modeling framework, originally developed for predicting the compaction properties of unamended fine-grained soils (with no binder) blended with tire-derived aggregates (TDAs), to artificially cemented soil–TDA blends. This was achieved by performing comprehensive statistical analyses on a large and diverse database of 87 fine-grained soil–binder–TDA compaction tests, covering a wide range of soil plasticity and including a variety of chemical binders (cement, lime, fly ash, slag, and liquid polymers) and sand-sized (0.075–4.75 mm) TDA products. The optimum water content (OWC) and maximum dry unit weight (MDD) for any fine-grained soil–binder–TDA blend (constant binder type and content) can be expressed as functions of the OWC and MDD measured for the soil–binder mixture (with no TDA), along with the soil–binder (SB) to soil–binder–TDA (SBT) SGR, as wSBT/opt = wSB/opt (SGR)βM and γSBT/dmax = ySB/dmax (SGR)βD, respectively. It was demonstrated that reliable predictions (across different fine-grained soils, binders, TDA particle sizes/shapes, and compaction energy levels) can be achieved by adopting the same unique reduction rate parameters of βM =  − 0.967 and βD =  − 0.509 used for non-cemented soil–TDA mixtures. Attempts were also made to identify causal links between these reduction rate parameters and basic soil properties. It was shown that βD can be expressed as a linear–log function of soil activity. The 95% lower and upper (water content) agreement limits between the predicted and measured OWC values were obtained as − 1.70% and + 2.01%, both of which can be deemed acceptable for practical applications (e.g., preliminary soil–binder–TDA mixture-design evaluations). For the MDD predictions employing soil activity, these agreement limits were calculated as − 0.50 and + 0.54 kN/m³; these small MDD limits are also deemed acceptable for practical applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Dec 2023 12:27:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2169517</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Combined Effect of Warm Mix Processes and Multi-recycling on the Main Criteria of the French Asphalt Mix Design Method</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973841</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The study reported here aims to determine the combined effect of warm mix processes and multi-recycling on the main criteria of the French asphalt mix design method. Asphalt concretes (ACs) 0/10 mm are produced at a semi-industrial scale for a combination of 3 recycling cycles, 3 production processes (hot, warm with additive and warm with foamed bitumen) and 2 recycling rates (40 and 70%). This combination is completed by a cycle without recycling for the 3 production processes, giving a total of 21 modalities. Compactibility, water sensitivity, stiffness modulus and fatigue tests are performed on the 21 ACs produced. A principal component analysis (PCA) is then performed on the set of data obtained to extract the main trends. No drastic change is detected in the properties as all the ACs produced comply with the French requirements for water sensitivity, stiffness modulus and fatigue. The main significant trends observed through PCA are a decrease of the workability and the compactibility and an increase of the water sensitivity with reclaimed asphalt (RA) addition and multi-recycling. It is also observed that high recycling rate (70% RA) tends to increase the constant of the fatigue line but also its slope, reflecting an increased sensitivity of the fatigue resistance to the strain level.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Oct 2023 16:42:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973841</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Permanent Deformation Characterisation of Gap-Graded and Continuous Graded Aggregate Blends for Bituminous Mixtures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973846</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the major parameters which influence the performance of bituminous mixtures is a packed aggregate skeleton with minimum particle rearrangement during traffic loading. The current practice of aggregate design for bituminous mixtures is mostly based on the Fuller-Thomson model to achieve maximum density. However, this approach does not explicitly take into account the volumetric requirements of the bituminous mixture in terms of rutting and fatigue. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of bituminous mixtures prepared using aggregate gradations, designed based on binary particle packing model of Powers (1964) extended to multicomponent packing by Lees (1970). One control sample and two designed gradations are analysed, in which the first one is a continuous gradation, whereas the second one is a gap gradation. A binder content of 5% is used for the three bituminous mixtures. Samples are subjected to dry rut wheel testing and repeated creep and recovery test with a modified test protocol to quantify their rutting performance. Test results indicate superior rut resistance of the gap-graded aggregate mix. Also, the link between aggregate gradation, compactability, and rut resistance of bituminous mixtures is established for a given binder content.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Oct 2023 16:34:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973846</guid>
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