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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Performance Recovery High-Order Pole-Zero Cancellation Control for Command-Following Rover Vehicle Applications via Active Damping Injection Techniques</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2512242</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study considers both a robot and its actuator dynamics to construct a performance recovery controller for rover vehicle applications. The resultant controller structures the simple single loop forms for linear velocity and yaw angle measurements, equipping the feed-forward compensators against disturbances caused by uncertainties of the motion equations. The salient aspects of this paper are (a) the order reduction observers estimate the velocities and accelerations independent from the motion equations; the simple observer-based order reduction output-feedback controller forms the proportional-integral-derivative and proportional-integral-double derivative with the nonlinearly structured gains; and (c) the closed-loop system guarantees to recover the closed-loop responses to the first-order desired system exponentially. A prototype rover vehicle with a MyRIO1900 processor validates the practical benefits of these three novelties above.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2025 12:01:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2512242</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Statistical analysis of vessel loss of command frequency</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2348359</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vessel losses of command (e.g., propulsion, electrical power, or steering failure) can serve as the initiating event for significant maritime accidents, such as grounding. It is therefore important to estimate the frequency of such events for navigational risk assessments. Despite the existence of previous studies, new data have become available that may reveal more precise and useful information for risk estimations and accident prevention. This paper analyzes two databases of vessel losses of command within Norway’s economic exclusive area over a five year period. The study utilizes a novel database of incidents observed by the Norwegian Coastal Administration’s (NCA) Vessel Traffic Services (VTS), in addition to incidents reported to IHS Markit over the same five year period. Automatic identification system (AIS) data is used to construct activity metrics of vessel activity, which are used to compute vessel loss of command incidence rates for ship types. To account for under-reporting, capture–recapture methods are used to calculate adjusted incidence-rates. The duration of each incident is recorded and used to construct distributions of repair times. Probabilities of towing and anchoring are computed for ship types and incident location. The results indicate that previous studies may have underestimated the incidence of vessel loss of command. Using the best-case scenario, cargo ships and tankers suffer losses of command more frequently than other ship types. Significant under-reporting of losses of command was observed in the IHS Markit database.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Mar 2024 13:24:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2348359</guid>
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      <title>Unmanned vehicle’s control real-time method based on neural network and selection function</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1860063</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article deals with the problem of controlling an unmanned vehicle in real time. The authors trained a  convolution neural network (CNN) to display raw pixels from a single front camera directly into commands of control. This end-to-end approach is almost optimal control based on the selection function. The system automatically remembers internal representations of necessary steps, such as detecting useful road characteristics with restrictions only based on the MPC’s controller calculating control commands as a training signal. Compared to explicit problem decomposition, such as obstacle detection, lane marking, path planning, and management, the authors system optimizes all processing step simultaneously. An example of using the method on real robot is given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jun 2021 14:37:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1860063</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Fuzzy Behavior-Based Online Command Generation for Unmanned Aircraft Guidance in Rough Terrain Environments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1474394</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research is aimed at developing an efficient online path planner for unmanned air vehicle guidance in completely unknown three-dimensional (3D) rough terrain environments. A novel algorithm is proposed that directly incorporates the vehicle dynamics in the guidance strategy. A suitable point mass dynamic model is also developed. The flight path forms gradually as a result of applying the guidance commands to the vehicle dynamics. A key feature of this approach is real-time assessment of terrain characteristics and using this information in the guidance procedure. The problem is considered within a fuzzy behavior–based framework. The guidance algorithm uses acquired information from the onboard sensors and rapidly issues commands that will guide the vehicle safely to an intermediate position within the sensor range. Two behaviors are introduced: go to target and 3D terrain following/terrain avoidance. The issued commands are then integrated with adjustable weighting factors. Simulation results demonstrate a significant enhancement in vehicle autonomy level. Intelligent decision-making capability afforded by this approach allows for autonomous and safe low-level flight in mountainous areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Jul 2017 09:54:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1474394</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A Case Study of Critical Point Identification in the Physical and Communication Layers of a Small Urban Transportation System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/804814</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Surface transportation is a key component of critical infrastructure as it provides essential services that highly impact a nation's economy. It is important to identify and protect essential components of a transportation system to ensure its survivability. This paper describes critical point identification of a small urban intelligent transportation network. Analysis was conducted for physical/control and communication layers. Microscopic simulation modeling was used to identify critical points in the physical/control layer. The critical point identification (CPI) of the communication layer was done using graph metrics such as hop counts and dependencies. A final node ordering with regard to both layers was obtained using the criticality values identified for each layer. The CPI approach presented in this paper offers transportation professionals a tool to identify critical nodes that need to be strengthened and hardened to achieve a survivable transportation network.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Mar 2007 07:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/804814</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TEAM PERFORMANCE WITH LARGE AND SMALL SCREEN DISPLAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/387754</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Large displays are common in modern command centers, yet the rationale for their use is typically weak.  A literature search revealed little previous work comparing performance of teams with large group displays versus individual CRT's (Cathode Ray Tubes). The most applicable previous studies used static tasks and photographic projection systems.  The study described here used a complex dynamic task that required extensive interaction between members of three-person teams to achieve best performance.  A comparison was made between the performance of three-person teams viewing either one large screen display or three individual CRT's. Results indicate that display size did not strongly affect team performance, although there were differences in the details of task performance that are attributable to display variables.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/387754</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DUAL MODE TRANSIT SYSTEM. PHASE I</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/23690</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report describes a dual mode transit system, demonstrates the rationale for design and presents a summary of activities undertaken to develop the system. It documents results of research which combines a demand-activated, high-speed system using pallet transporters that move on a guideway with a feeder bus system that retains flexibility through the use of dial-a-ride. Chapters include discussion of user scenarios, command, control and communication system, malfunction detection, on-guideway vehicle longitudinal and lateral control, vehicle, guideway, system capacity and future expansion, stations, maintenance, environmental impact, safety, reliability, maintainability, availability, and a cost analysis summary.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 May 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/23690</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DUAL MODE TRANSIT SYSTEM. APPENDIX A-E</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/23704</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This volume contains the following information: applicable documents; lists of abbreviations; chassis structure calculations; determination of ratio of buses to transporter required for DMTS; bid specifications - Mercedes Benz diesel bus model 0309D.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 May 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/23704</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DUAL MODE TRANSIT SYSTEM. APPENDIX F: THE INTERACTION OF DMTS DEMAND AND SERVICE LEVELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/23705</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of the study is to determine likely demand for and operational strategies of the Dual Mode Transit System when implanted in a realistic urban environment. Various large U.S. cities were investigated and the Washington, D.C. and Houston metropolitan areas were chosen as most suitable. A computerized model was built to simulate trip generation, trip distribution and modal split for any urban area subdivided into a manageable number of zones (20-100). Required input consists of travel time matrices for conventional and DMTS modes, as well as economic and demographic information about each zone. Demand for the DMTS was simulated by trip purpose and time of day. Station and link loads were calculated. Likely service strategy options were identified for different times of day, various trip purposes, and various locations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 May 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/23705</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SYSTEMS MODELS FOR TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS. VOLUME III: A COMPUTABLE COMMAND-CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A SOCIAL SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/50881</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The spectral characteristics of the urban center -- at the level of the family, the functional organized units of society, and the essential compartment balances of the urban center -- are spelled out in greater detail. These compartments are food, materials, energetics, manpower, productive function, economic balance, and technology governing the system. Ideal Carnot cycle efficiencies are characterized for the basic cyclic processes in each compartment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 04 Aug 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/50881</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CHAINS OF COMMAND</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/456361</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article discusses naval command and control which is in a period of transition, with considerable changes in the relationship between deployed and shore systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/456361</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ISDS SET FOR COMMAND</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/456362</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article examines the US Navy plans to unify command and fire control in its non-Aegis fleet.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/456362</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE INTEGRATION OF INTELLIGENT KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS (IKBS) INTO REAL TIME COMMAND SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/436549</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There is a growing awareness of the potential value of using IKBS within real-time Naval Command and Control Systems. A growing number of 'laboratory based' technology demonstrators exist but, to date, only a few of these have been fully integrated within their final operational context. Drawing on the authors' experience, this paper explores both technical and managerial problems associated with the introduction of IKBS into the surface and sub-surface naval command system arenas. Particular attention is given to the underwater application domain and the issue of user acceptance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/436549</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MULTI-SENSOR DATA FUSION IMPLEMENTATION WITHIN A DISTRIBUTED COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/442379</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Technological advancements of future threats to the Navy will place heavy demands (quicker reaction to faster, stealth threats) upon the ability to process and interpret tactical data provided by multiple and often dissimilar sensors.  This emphasises the need for a naval platform employing an automated distributed Command and Control System (CCS) which includes a Multi-Sensor Data Fusion (MSDF) function to increase probability of mission success.  The main advantage of a distributed CCS is redundancy and reconfigurability resulting in high degree of survivability. The MSDF function provides the Combat System with a capability to analyse sensor data from multiple sensors and derive contact/track solutions, which would not be derived by the individual sensors.  The Command and Control (C2) functions, including the MSDF function, operate within a number of general purpose C2 processors, communicating with each other and the sensor systems via a high speed data bus.  Different sensors are more effective in different environmental conditions and for different geometrical parameters (elevation, distance, bearing, etc.).  The MSDF function combines the capabilities of all the sensors providing the operators and other CCS functions with more accurate solutions faster than each sensor system operating alone.  To qualitatively assess the MSDF capabilities and to demonstrate the advantages of tan MSDF function within a distributed architecture, it should first be implemented in a simulation environment such as the Combat System Test and Support Facilities (CSTSF) of the Canadian Patrol Frigate (CPF).  The architecture of a distributed CCS using an MSDF function and its simulation within CSTSF is presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/442379</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE AN/UYK-507, THE DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-PERFORMANCE MILITARISED COMPUTER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/442380</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In response to a growing need for advanced landbased and shipboard computers, the AN/UYK-507, a state-of-the-art militarised microcomputer has been developed which is being implemented as the major processor for the Canadian Patrol Frigate (CPF) program.  During the AN/UYK-507 development, engineers and programmers applied new design techniques and leading-edge technology such as the use of hardware modelling tools, and the application of advanced computer architecture designs including pipelining, cache memory, and instruction prefetch.  A major accomplishment of the AN/UYK-507 project was the development of four custom Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) representing 24,000 to 75,000 gates each.  In this paper, the author draws upon personal experience to provide an overview of the project from conceptualisation to production, and discuss some of the techniques developed and applied by the design group.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/442380</guid>
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