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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Study on the effects of waste polyethylene wax on the colloidal structure of asphalt based on dissipative dynamics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2662170</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The asphalt industry has considerable potential to valorize waste plastics; however, the modification mechanism of wax-based pyrolysis products still lacks quantitative metrics and robust validation. In this study, the microstructural characteristics of linear low-density polyethylene pyrolysis wax were characterized using gel permeation chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. A pyrolysis wax-asphalt system was then constructed via molecular dynamics modeling. By integrating the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, repulsion parameters, and related descriptors, a quantitative evaluation framework was established to elucidate how pyrolysis wax alters asphalt colloidal structure and inter-component interactions. The results indicate that pyrolysis wax, a highly saturated and non-polar polyethylene-derived alkane, preferentially forms a homogeneous phase with the saturates fraction, whereas it exhibits pronounced repulsion toward aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes. This incompatibility selectively displaces aromatics and resins and promotes localized aggregation. Four-fraction tests and fluorescence microscopy observations further corroborate the proposed mechanism, providing a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of waste-plastic-derived pyrolysis wax in asphalt applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2026 14:33:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2662170</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mechanistic insights into the colloidal co-assembly of deeply degraded tire rubber and asphalt binder</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2607239</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The co-colloidal architecture synthesized from deeply degraded tire rubber (DR) and asphalt binder confers exceptional stability to the composite system. While the colloidal organization of asphalt binder has been extensively characterized and scientifically validated, the mechanistic role of DR in modulating colloidal structural evolution remains a critical knowledge gap in interfacial material science. In this study, DR was separated into sol (DRS) and gel (DRG) phases, and their individual interfacial interactions with asphalt binder were investigated. Molecular dynamics simulations, contact angle measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analyzer were employed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of DRS, DRG and different asphalts. Furthermore, the microstructure of the colloids was analyzed via atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy (OM). The interactions between DRS and asphalt during compounding are attributed to their identical polarity and minimal solubility parameter differences (Δδ<1 (J/cm3)0.5). Strong interfacial adsorption and reactive bonding significantly altered the dispersion and interaction of DRG with asphalt binder. The performances of rubberized asphalt exhibited non-linear behavior beyond linear superposition of DRS modified asphalt and DRG modified asphalt characteristics, reflecting complex multiphase interactions between DR and asphalt colloids. Finally, based on AFM and OM observations, colloidal structures were proposed for the modified asphalts. These observations revealed the presence of characteristic bee-like structures in BA and DRSMA, but not in DRMA or DRGMA.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Nov 2025 10:23:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2607239</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Use of Colloidal Silica as a Finishing Aid for Concrete Pavement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2577018</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To determine the feasibility of utilizing colloidal silica as a finishing aid to achieve a smooth pavement surface without negatively impacting the concrete surface. A few years ago, the cement manufacturers located in Missouri all switched to producing Type IL cement.  The limestone is introduced to the clinker during the grinding process.  For Type IL cements to have similar strength gain properties as Type I cements, the Type IL cements are ground finer than Type I cements.  This has resulted in less bleed water occurring along the concrete surface, making it more difficult to finish. To improve the finishing properties, finishers are adding water to the surface increasing the water-to-cementitious ratio at the surface.  This results in the concrete being more permeable, having reduced strength, and lower abrasion resistance. Utilizing a colloidal silica as a finishing aid could allow the finishers to achieve a smooth concrete surface without negatively impacting the surface. If the use of colloidal silica does not negatively impact the concrete, the department could develop a Qualified List (QL) of concrete finishing aids for contractors to utilize on Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) projects.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Jul 2025 09:02:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2577018</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Restoration Effect of Waste Cooking Oil on the Colloidal Structure of Aged Asphalt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2533883</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aging of asphalt is accompanied by alterations in its colloidal structure that in turn leads to premature failure and/or deteriorates the performance of asphalt binders. The use of rejuvenators to restore asphalt binder has received significant attention in recent years, among those waste cooking oil is an abundant and environmentally-friendly asphalt rejuvenator that can restore the physiochemical and rheological performance of aged asphalt. However, the effect of waste cooking oil on the colloidal structure of aged asphalt and the underlying mechanisms of its action are not well understood. This study incorporated molecular simulations and laboratory experiments to study the regeneration mechanisms of waste cooking oil based on the changes in the colloidal structure of asphalt. Results show that waste cooking oil molecules alter intermolecular interactions within the asphalt matrix while mitigating the aggregation process of the larger molecules of the aged asphalt. The latter is also evidenced in the reduction of the size of the aging-induced asphaltene nanoaggregates through the physical space barrier of waste cooking oil. The study outcome promotes resource conservation and sustainability by providing insights pertaining to the regeneration mechanism of asphalt, especially those enabled by waste cooking oil.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 May 2025 09:46:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2533883</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigating the Modifying Mechanism of Polyphosphoric Acid on Asphalt: From the Colloidal Component Perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2531439</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study separated four colloidal components of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) modified asphalts, which were made with three base asphalts from different oil sources and two grades of PPA. Frequency sweep tests were conducted on 27 of these oily components to obtain viscoelastic parameters according to the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF), Arrhenius, and standard logistic models. Infrared spectroscopy was used to gather molecular structural information of all components, and a semi-quantitative analysis method was applied to assess the molecular structural changes of each component. The results show that the rheological properties of the same components from different base asphalts vary to some extent, indicating differences in molecular structure. This leads to differential effects of the two grades of PPA on each oily component. Specifically, PPA significantly increases the complex modulus (G⁎) of the resins. Moreover, PPA with longer molecular chains shows a greater increase in the G⁎ for the resins with lower aromaticity. Meanwhile, the G⁎ of the aromatics and saturates exhibits distinct trends after PPA modification. First, this result indicates that PPA can indeed react with each asphalt oily component to some extent, causing changes in the rheological properties of the lighter components. Second, the significance of this reaction is determined by the aromaticity of the asphalt molecular structure and the polarity of the PPA molecules. The infrared spectroscopy results show that PPA significantly increases the polarizability of asphaltenes and resins. Furthermore, the functional groups of PPA mainly precipitate in the asphaltenes. This indicates that there is a substance transfer occurring within the asphalt during PPA modification. The study results point out that after PPA modification, the mechanical properties of the lighter components (serve as the dispersed phase) will change to varying degrees, which is also one of the important factors leading to the changes in asphalt performance. The oil-source-induced variability of PPA-modified asphalt is affected by the molecular weight and aromaticity of the asphalt molecules.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 02 May 2025 08:49:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2531439</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of the Interactions of the Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, and Asphaltene Fractions on the Colloidal Structure of Asphalt: A Study Based on Molecular Simulation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509430</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the asphalt colloidal theory, the highest molecular weight asphaltene is located in the center of the micelle, and the lower molecular weight components (i.e., aromatics and saturates) are placed on the outside of the asphaltene aggregates. However, there is variability and uncertainty in the interpretation of the results of a large number of experiments that have directly and indirectly examined the structure of asphaltic colloids. The purpose of the study is to use quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics to examine the interactions (binding energy and interaction energy) of the saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene (SARA) fractions in the formation of asphaltene micelles, and the spatial structure of the formations (distance and angle). According to our quantitative calculations, maltene (saturates, aromatics, and resins) molecules support the thermodynamic stability of asphaltene colloids. Saturates and aromatics play an identical role in maintaining the structural stability of asphalt colloids. Aging intensifies the accumulation of asphaltene dimers, and this accumulation is much less affected by maltene molecules than virgin asphalt. In addition, according to the results of molecular dynamics simulation, asphaltene micelles in sol asphalt are isolated from each other, and parallel asphaltene dimers are the main form of asphaltene dimers. There are interactions between asphaltene micelles in gel asphalt, and there are T-shape asphaltene dimers between the micelles. Aging results in an increase in the distance between asphaltene and resin as well as a decrease in the density of resin around the asphaltene, indicating that the resin is not able to strongly constrain the asphaltene aggregates to form an asphaltene-centered stable micelle core in gel asphalt. Herein, the interactions of the aforementioned four fractions in the formation of asphalt micelles and their spatial structures are methodically discussed from the perspective of molecular simulation. Compared with previous studies, we focused on researching the influences of saturates, aromatics, and resins on asphaltene and giving visualization and quantitative description of the spatial distribution characteristics of the four components that could reflect the colloidal structure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2025 09:21:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509430</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fundamentals of Electrophysical and Physico-Chemical Effects on the Intensity of Concrete Impregnation with Colloidal Solutions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407855</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article deals with the problem of increasing the intensity of concrete surface impregnation with salts SiO2, Fe(OH)3 and Al(OH)3 in order to increase its strength. Absorption is possible due to the spontaneous rise of the liquid through the capillary-porous structure of the concrete. The intensification of this process is possible due to the use of electrical and ultrasonic energy and the introduction of substances into the composition of sols that reduce their surface tension – penetrants. The theoretical prerequisites for increasing the volume of impregnation when using electrophysical and physico-chemical influences are considered.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 16:02:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407855</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mathematical Model of Concrete Hardening as a Result of Its Impregnation with Colloidal Solutions of Silicon Dioxide</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407847</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper proposes a mathematical model of two successive mechanisms of concrete hardening when its surface is impregnated with a colloidal solution of silicon dioxide (SiO2 sol). First, it is the mechanism of physico-chemical hardening of cement stone in the concrete surface. It is realized by activating the cement hardening processes by the surface energy of the introduced sol particles. Secondly, the mechanism of mechanical hardening. The resulting high-strength surface layer (clip) strengthens the concrete sample in the case of a load action.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 16:02:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407847</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Understanding recycling agent modification mechanisms through rheological and compositional impacts</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487540</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study utilised rheological and compositional measures to enhance the understanding of asphalt recycling agent (RA) modification mechanisms. Three types of RA products were evaluated: re-refined engine oil bottom (REOB)-based, vacuum gas oil (VGO), and triglyceride and fatty acids from bio-oil (TF). The efficacy of the products was evaluated by comparing the composition and rheology of recycled binder blends containing the additives to a virgin binder and blends of virgin and recycled binder. The findings indicate that RAs can modify recycled binder blends through three mechanisms: (a) softening by adding saturates and decreasing colloidal stability, (b) replenishing by adding aromatics to replace those lost to oxidation, and (c) emulsifying asphaltene micelles by adding resins. Rheological analysis of modulus and relaxation indicators effectively distinguished softeners. SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses differentiated replenishers from emulsifiers. Replenishers contained aromatics. Conversely, emulsifiers contained resins and exhibited FTIR peaks corresponding to polar compounds. The TF additives evaluated functioned as emulsifiers, while the VGO acted as a replenisher. The REOB-based additives functioned as softeners. Consistent with previous studies, the presence of REOB was detectable through calcium, copper, and zinc measurements obtained from X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2025 16:57:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487540</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Molecular dynamics simulation on asphalt-limestone interfaces considering unconstraint surfaces and individual colloid components</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2361278</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, interactions of asphalt-limestone interfaces are investigated inaccurately because applying of constraint aggregate surfaces simplify some kinetic energies. Utilizing unconstrained aggregate surfaces provides a novel insight to understand the intermolecular effect of displacement of unconstrained particles. The influence of mineral structures containing Mg²+ other than calcite on adhesion are also ignored. This study builds various unconstraint surfaces and individual colloid components to reasonably evaluate adhesion and interaction by calculating energy, diffusion, and distribution of asphalt-limestone interfaces. Simulations reveal that asphalt-limestone interactions intensify with aging and higher temperatures. Polarity, primarily from sulfoxide (SO) and carbonyl (CO) groups after aging, amplifies adhesion by enhancing electrostatic forces. Individual SARA (saturate, aromatic, resin, asphaltene) components exhibit higher interaction energies with limestone, and differences in interaction energies of SARA on limestone surfaces cause separation in asphalt. Ca² and Mg²+ mainly combine with CO₃²- ions via ionic binding, forming stable surfaces unaffected by asphalt. The mineral composition has a limited impact on asphalt-limestone interfaces, although magnesite displaying the highest attraction to asphalt due to greater electronegativity of Mg²+. Inside asphalt molecules, polar CO and SO groups and planar sharps exhibit strong attraction to aromatic rings, increasing intermolecular energies and cohesion. Self-agglomeration and stacking of asphaltenes, driven by π-π conjunctions in central-aromatic rings and reinforced by aging.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 May 2024 17:18:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2361278</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Interaction mechanism and cohesion strength of colloid structure of reclaimed asphalt modified by rubberized binder on aggregate surface</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2302786</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Asphalt mixture performance is attributed to morphological interlocking and physiochemical interaction between binder and aggregate. Many studies fostered the adhesion and bonding characteristics of many binders without conferring the interfacial interaction. To realistically understand the binder cohesion strength, this study investigates the impact of interfacial interaction on the binder colloid structure. An innovative experimental method was developed using the pull-off and gel permeation chromatography tests to investigate the binder/aggregate interface interaction from molecular and mechanical standpoints. The results showed success for the developed method to pursue the mechanism of the binder/aggregate interface interaction and evaluate the resulting molecular diffusion. Two mechanisms were distinguished for molecular diffusion, depending on the percentage of light components. The abundant light components can mobilize the heavy fractions, whereas binder colloids with limited light components have a molecular diffusion for light fractions only. The binder film portion near the aggregate surface has higher cohesion strength than the upper portion, where a strong correlation was proven between the decrease in the cohesion strength and the molecular diffusion due to the interfacial interaction. A robust prediction model with R² of 0.90 was developed for the binder cohesion strength, where both the molecular composition and the molecular mobility due to interfacial interaction have significant impacts. As the accretion of heavy fractions strengthens the cohesion strength, the molecular diffusion mechanism, which mobilizes the heavy fractions toward the interface, further improves the cohesion strength of the binder film portion near the interface.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Dec 2023 09:14:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2302786</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on low-temperature and fatigue properties of recycled asphalt based on the stability of the micelle structure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2275137</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research is focused on the asphalt colloid system and provides a detailed analysis of why the effective recovery of low-temperature performance and fatigue performance is challenging during the regeneration of aged asphalt. This study initially examined the alterations in the stability of colloidal structures and micelle structures while rejuvenating aged asphalt. These were performed through four-component analytical tests and asphaltene-resin (A-R) adsorption experiments, respectively. Subsequently, the impact of the regeneration process on the low-temperature performance and fatigue performance of aged asphalt was assessed using bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests, respectively. In addition, linear regression analysis was employed to determine the relationship between the stability of colloidal and micelle structures and the performance of recycled asphalt in terms of low-temperature and fatigue resistance. The results show that regeneration of aged asphalt results in 100% recovery of colloidal structural stability, while the maximum recovery of micelle structural stability is only 68.2%. The stability of the micelle structure in recycled asphalt is primarily influenced by the proportion of aged asphalt to virgin asphalt. When the mass ratio of aged asphalt to virgin asphalt is 2:8, the stability of the micelle structure can be restored to 58.1%. However, when the mass ratio is reversed to 8:2, the stability of the micelle structure can only be restored to 21.6%. The impact of the regeneration agent on the recovery of micelle structure stability is minimal. Out of all the samples that underwent regeneration, the highest level of enhancement in the stability of the micelle structure achieved by the rejuvenators was approximately 15%. Linear regression analysis showed that the low-temperature performance of recycled asphalt was significantly affected by the stability of the colloid and micelle structure. The fatigue performance of recycled asphalt was only significantly affected by the stability of the micelle structure. Therefore, enhancing the stability of the micelle structure in recycled asphalt can effectively improve its low-temperature and fatigue performance. This study provides valuable insights into the underlying factors contributing to the subpar low-temperature and fatigue performance of recycled asphalt. Moreover, it contributes to the development of more effective rejuvenators for aged asphalt recycling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Nov 2023 09:10:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2275137</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Silica Sol in Transport Construction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974059</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Research area is transport construction in cold regions in compliance with geoecology. The goal of the article is to develop a new binder for the simultaneous performance of two functions—construction and technical, associated with soil reinforcement, and detoxification of heavy metal ions (HMI). Silica sol was chosen as such binder. The research methods are chemical (assessment of the silica sol detoxifying ability), physical (determination of the required concentration of silica dioxide), and physicomechanical (strength tests of samples). It is traced that sandy soil reinforcement is provided by 30% silica sol with detoxification functions. The author proposes transport construction technology in which the use of the new binder allows to achieve higher strength indicators of reinforced structures, as well as to ensure the implementation of the geoecological function.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Nov 2023 16:52:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974059</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multivariate analysis of a grouted sand with colloidal silica at different dilution stages</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2146511</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Grouting is one of the most known ground improvement technique to increase strength and/or stiffness of soils. Among all, permeation grouting uses grout to fill up soil voids, without altering the stress state in the soils by injecting it into voids as solutions. This work illustrates laboratory results, in terms hydro-mechanical parameters, of a fine-grained sand grouted under low pressure with a colloidal silica diluted at different solid content (i.e., 40%, 30% and 20%). Hydro-mechanical properties of the soil include unconfined compressive strength at different curing days, hydraulic conductivity, effective cohesion, peak and residual friction angles. Uncertainties associated to geotechnical parameters variability and their dependences are exploited and quantified by means of a multivariate probabilistic approach built on regular vine copula scheme. A Bayesian Information Criterion is applied to select the best fitted dependence structure to be further employed within a reliability design method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 10:08:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2146511</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Probing the interfacial forces and surface interaction mechanisms in petroleum production processes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2002131</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Despite the advances that have been made in renewable energy over the past decade, crude oil or petroleum remains one of the most important energy resources to the world. Petroleum production presents many challenging issues, such as the destabilization of complex oil–water emulsions, fouling phenomena on pipelines and other facilities, and water treatment. These problems are influenced by the molecular forces at the oil/water/solid/gas interfaces involved in relevant processes. Herein, the authors present an overview of recent advances on probing the interfacial forces in several petroleum production processes (e.g., bitumen extraction, emulsion stabilization and destabilization, fouling and antifouling phenomena, and water treatment) by applying nanomechanical measurement technologies such as a surface forces apparatus (SFA) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The interaction forces between bitumen and mineral solids or air bubbles in the surrounding fluid media determine the bitumen liberation and flotation efficiency in oil sands production. The stability of complex oil/water emulsions is governed by the forces between emulsion drops and particularly between interface-active species (e.g., asphaltenes). Various oil components (e.g., asphaltenes) and emulsion drops interact with different substrate surfaces (e.g., pipelines or membranes), influencing fouling phenomena, oil–water separation, and wastewater treatment. Quantifying these intermolecular and interfacial forces has advanced the mechanistic understanding of these interfacial interactions, facilitating the development of advanced materials and technologies to solve relevant challenging issues and improve petroleum production processes. Remaining challenges and suggestions on future research directions in the field are also presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Oct 2022 10:23:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2002131</guid>
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