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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Snow Micro Penetrometer Applications for Winter Vehicle Mobility</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1644964</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) provides cold regions research and development in support of the U.S. military and the nation. For winter military operations this support includes vehicle mobility modeling over snow. Many factors relate to vehicle performance, fuel efficiency, and operation efficiency, including the vehicle specifications and the land surface conditions. Comprehending snow macromechanical characteristics—such as elastic modulus, stiffness, and strength—is critical in understanding how effectively a vehicle will travel over snow covered terrain. Vehicle instrumentation data (inertial measurement units and vehicle telemetry) and observations of the snow pack (both satellite and ground-based) are leveraged to improve the modeled index for winter vehicle performance. Currently, the available mobility models are physically-based and consider numerous factors related to cross country mobility such as slope, soil type, terrain strength, land classification, and vegetation.  The algorithms related to the impact of snow, however, are driven by snow depth and bulk snow density alone. This research deployed a SnowMicroPenetrometer (SMP) whose capabilities were expanded to measure several types of snow, including virgin snow, vehicle tracked snow, and processed or groomed snow roads. The SMP high-resolution snow structural profiles show the value of the instrument as a tool for mobility studies. Correlation analysis was conducted between the SMP and Rammsonde penetrometer using median values from different snow types at a particular site. The data express a trend that rupture force, penetration force, density, strength, and ram hardness increases when the snow is deformed by the vehicles.  Instrument modifications were assessed with recommendations made to further improve SMP performance for use in mobility studies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jan 2020 09:46:24 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Detecting and Mitigating Oil Spills in Ice</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286962</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) works with partners from educational institutions, government agencies, and industry to create scientific methods to respond to oil spills in the Arctic region.  The Arctic area is challenging in many ways, not the least of which is the ability of responding agencies to implement effective oil spill responses in areas that are covered with ice.  Ice cover can conceal the existence of oil spills, which handicaps the detection and cleanup of the spills.  This article discusses the oil spill cleanup efforts of CRREL in Arctic regions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jan 2014 08:41:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286962</guid>
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      <title>BREAKING THE ICE AT THE SOUTH POLE : DEVELOPING A TUNNELING SYSTEM FOR USE AT THE NEW SOUTH POLE STATION PRESENTS SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/694288</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The newest South Pole tunneling project employs a tunneling machine designed to cut through firm, hard-packed snow, at 16 meters maximum depth, a chip disposal system that blows away chips to a transport sled, and, on the surface, a drill rig, generator set and workshop. All are prototypes that are still being refined in light of harsh conditions which cause equipment failures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/694288</guid>
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      <title>PAVEMENT SUBGRADE PERFORMANCE STUDY: PROJECT OVERVIEW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/647644</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Because of limitations from previous AASHO road tests, the current FHWA-sponsored Subgrade Performance Study was designed to investigate and upgrade the failure criteria of subgrade materials.  The project plans to study the effect of subgrade type and moisture content on the failure criteria.  This is an international study comprising other countries (Denmark, Finland), FHWA, several universities (Cornell University, University of Massachusetts, University of Maryland), Minnesota DOT, and the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) of Hanover, New Hampshire.  The study at CRREL involves construction of test sections made up of four subgrade types that are found in the USA.  The test sections are to be constructed at three moisture contents subjected to accelerated loading.  The sections will be instrumented with stress, strain, moisture, and temperature sensors.  In this study the temperature will be held at around 20 degrees Centergrade.  This initial report provides an overview of the test program and the proposed testing procedure.  Subsequent reports will detail the construction of each test section, the data acquired, and the results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Mar 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>REPORT ON APT DATA SURVEY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/500510</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This document summarizes nine Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) programs and the data collection efforts of these programs.  The particular programs were chosen for presentation in this document because detailed surveys were completed or published documents were available.  The programs chosen are thought to provide a reasonable overview of not only the standard data collection practices but also the gaps in these standards.  The programs are as follows:  Texas Mobile Load Simulator (TxMLS); South African Heavy Vehicle Simulator (SA HVS); Californian Heavy Vehicle Simulator (CALHVS); Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL); Dutch LINear TRACKing Apparatus (LINTRACK); Australian Accelerated Loading Facility (ALF/AUSTR); Danish Road Testing Machine (RTM); French Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees test facility (LCPC); and Spanish CEntro De Estudios De Carreteras test facility (CEDEX).  This report identifies data that are being, or need to be, recorded in APT programs.  It also addresses gaps in the survey itself with the inclusion of comments by survey respondents and the authors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/500510</guid>
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      <title>REMOTE SENSING OF ACCUMULATED FRAZIL AND BRASH ICE IN THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/55885</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A broadbanded impulse radar system was used for aerial detection of accumulated frazil and brash ice in a 9.5-km reach of the St. Lawrence River near Ogden Island.  The remote sensing and data reduction system developed for the project provided data sufficient for production of a contour map having 1-ft intervals.  With this contour map, the accumulation pattern of frazil and brash ice could be analyzed.  Recommendations are given for improving the performance of the aerial profiling system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Nov 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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