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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Equivalent cohesive zone modeling of the bonding performance of slab track interface with bubble defects: Theory, validation, and application</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2715481</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Interfacial bonding performance is critical to the long-term service of CRTS III slab tracks. However, interlayer bubble defects will deteriorate interfacial bonding performance. To estimate the effects of the interlayer bubble defects on the track structure, an axial tensile finite element model (FEM) incorporating interlayer bubble defects is established. Via the use of this model, the effects of bubble defects on the interface are analyzed. A sensitivity analysis is subsequently conducted, and a mapping relationship is developed to determine the interfacial bonding parameters. Finally, a slab track FEM is developed to analyze the effects of bubble defects on the interface within the track structure, thereby simultaneously verifying the accuracy of the mapping relationship. The results reveal that interlayer bubble defects decrease the local bonding performance, with larger bubble defects posing a higher risk of interfacial damage than smaller ones do. Additionally, the overall bonding performance is approximately linearly negatively correlated with the interfacial porosity, whereas the effect of the individual bubble area is relatively limited. Furthermore, individual bubble area intervals are restructured according to the results of sensitivity analysis, and the equivalent FEM based on the mapping relationship is verified to be efficient and accurate. Additionally, while interlayer bubble defects alone do not alter the overall damage distribution under temperature gradient loading, they increase the risk of damage initiation. These findings provide theoretical guidance for engineering evaluations of interfacial performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 08:55:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2715481</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ravelling susceptibility of porous asphalt pavement in salt environments using multi-scale modelling analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643529</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The durability of porous asphalt pavement is easily affected in salt environments, and salt can induce micro-cracking within the pavement structure, which can subsequently exacerbate ravelling. To investigate the porous asphalt pavement ravelling susceptibility under salt environments, a multi-scale finite element (FE) model, involving the meso-structure of porous asphalt concrete (PAC) and the macro-structure of PAC pavement, was developed. The cohesive zone model (CZM) was used to simulate the fracture inside the PAC. Laboratory experiments were conducted to obtain the parameters of the FE model, and the accuracy of the model was validated by experimental results. Pull-off tests showed that the effect of salt can lead to a decrease in the adhesive strength and cohesive strength inside the asphalt concrete. In the salt environment, the peak load of PAC was reduced by 37.4% compared with the control group, and the fracture work was significantly reduced by 45.6%. The effect of salt and wheel load on the damage of cohesive elements is more significant than that of adhesive elements. These analysis findings provide insights for improving the material design of pavement internal performance during the winter de-icing operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 07 Feb 2026 16:21:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643529</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation on Moisture Damage Resistance of Plastic-Modified Asphalt Binder using Surface Free Energy Technique</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2612390</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Moisture damage of asphalt pavement has always been one of the major concerns for researchers in the pavement engineering field. Mitigating this moisture-induced damage is essential for improving pavement performance, extending service life, and reducing lifecycle costs. Several studies have reported that waste plastic can potentially increase the cohesion between asphalt and plastic molecules and enhance the adhesion between asphalt and aggregate, improving the moisture damage resistance of asphalt pavements. The present study aims to understand the effect of incorporating different waste plastics as modifiers on a binder’s fundamental properties, such as cohesive bond energies. To achieve this goal, three different waste plastics—high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% by weight of the total binder—were used to modify the conventional asphalt binder (PG 58-28). The surface free energy (SFE) was determined by depositing one polar and one non-polar liquid on the solid samples by using the liquid needle drop deposition technique while adopting three different theories. Finally, the cohesive bond energies of the modified asphalt binders were calculated. The results showed that waste plastics significantly increased the total SFE and cohesive bond energy of the asphalt binder up to 4% plastic addition and then dropped. Besides, the comparative analysis revealed that PP modification was most effective for improving moisture damage resistance among the three plastics. Therefore, the use of plastic waste for asphalt binder modification was found to be a promising approach for enhancing moisture damage resistance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Oct 2025 13:11:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2612390</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of some parameters on a phase field based cohesive zone model for modelling interface failure in steel fiber reinforced concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2528485</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fiber debonding and bridging effects are crucial for characterizing the properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete. To achieve this topic, in this work, a regularized phase-field cohesive zone model has been developed. The interface is represented in a smeared sense within the framework of phase field regularization. The latter is a scalar variable between 0 and 1 that distinguishes the interface and matrix/inclusion zone. Starting from an energetic framework, a phase field representation for cohesive fracture is elaborated employing the cohesive traction law. The displacement jumps at the interface is represented by an auxiliary field. This model has been implemented in a house Matlab code using both quadrilateral and triangular elements. It is capable of simulating the competition and interaction between the bulk and interface cracks. The accuracy of this approach and the influence of certain numerical parameters are investigated through the uniaxials tension test.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Apr 2025 10:39:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2528485</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of cohesive and adhesive damage initiations of asphalt pavement using a microstructure-based finite element model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2473446</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cohesive and adhesive damages play essential roles in the asphalt pavements cracking behaviors; however, due to the microstructural complexity and heterogeneity of asphalt mixtures, it is difficult to effectively characterize these two damage initiations under the realistic service conditions. To address this issue, the presented study developed a multiscale finite element model to quantitatively investigate the distributions of cohesive and adhesive damages as well as their effects on the overall damage performance of asphalt pavement. The microstructure of the asphalt mixture and macrostructure of the asphalt pavement were simultaneously involved into a single finite element (FE) model, and the bilinear cohesive elements were inserted into the fine aggregate matrix (FAM) and the FAM-aggregates interfaces to respectively model the cohesive and adhesive damage initiations. The results showed that the great heterogeneity of the asphalt mixtures caused remarkable stress concentrations, which might be one of the main factors that contribute to the pavement cracking behaviors. In addition, it is illustrated that lower adhesive strengths tended to cause more damage initiations at the pavement surface, which suggested that the adhesive damage could be one of the major factors contributing to the “top-down” cracking initiations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jan 2025 08:59:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2473446</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cross-scale analysis of asphalt binder tensile fracture using molecular dynamics simulation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2366464</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The tensile failure behavior of asphalt binder is crucial for longevity and durability of asphalt concrete, which is one of most common infrastructure materials. This study provides a cross-scale approach to investigate tensile fracture of asphalt binder using MD simulations. First, two asphalt models for asphaltene-doped and saturate-doped binders were constructed at nanoscale. Tensile simulations were then conducted to observe the evolution of nanovoids and changes in voids surface area. Using tensile strength values at various temperatures and strain rates, the master curve of tensile strength was established based on time-temperature superposition. Results show that cohesive cracking in asphalt binders begins with nanovoids, which rapidly evolve into larger cavities and form thinning filamentation structures, eventually resulting in a complete crack. Locations with lower concentrations of polar components are more likely to initiate nanovoids. After complete fracture, voids surface area of asphaltene-doped binder is larger than that of saturate-doped binder. Increasing the proportion of asphaltene enhances tensile strength of asphalt binders. As expected, tensile strength increases with strain rate but decreases with temperature The time-temperature superposition method is shown to be effective in obtaining macroscale tensile strengths from MD simulations that are comparable to experimental measurements. This study presents an effective simulation method to obtain cross-scale parameters, providing new insights into crack initiation and propagation in asphalt binders.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 May 2024 17:18:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2366464</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Physical and Physicochemical Properties of Bitumen with Lignin from Bio-ethanol Residue</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2344608</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of the present study is to evaluate the potential of lignin-containing by-products obtained from the bio-ethanol industry as a partial substitution for bitumen. The study investigated how the chemical composition of lignin, derived from rice straw biomass, impacts the physical and physicochemical properties of bitumen. Specifically, the paper explored the effect of incorporating the fermentation residue (FRL) and isolated lignin (IL) at varying concentrations (5, 10, and 15%) into VG40 grade base bitumen. To characterize the chemical structure of IL and FRL, the study employed elemental analysis (CHNS analyzer and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF)) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The study then evaluated the physical properties such as softening point, viscosity, storage stability, complex shear modulus master curves, and physicochemical properties (surface free energy (SFE)) of the IL and FRL partially substituted bitumen. The chemical analysis of lignin-containing by-products revealed the structural similarity between lignin and bitumen. The addition of IL and FRL increased the softening point, viscosity, and complex shear modulus of the base bitumen. However, the storage stability tests revealed a higher degree of separation for bitumen with FRL. Therefore, if storage stability is a critical criterion, it is advisable to limit the use of FRL to 10%, while IL can be employed up to 15% or even higher concentrations. Furthermore, the SFE of the IL partially substituted bitumen increases with higher lignin content, signifying enhanced cohesive properties. In contrast, the addition of FRL reduces the SFE of the bitumen.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Feb 2024 11:33:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2344608</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cohesive Zone Simulation of Mode I and Mixed-Mode Crack Propagation in Asphalt Concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2149502</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A cohesive zone model (CZM) is employed to investigate fracture behavior of asphalt concrete. The separation and traction response along the cohesive zone ahead of a crack tip is modeled by an exponential cohesive law specifically tailored to describe the cracking in asphalt pavement materials by means of a softening cohesive law. This exponential cohesive model is implemented into a user-defined element (UEL) of the ABAQUS software. Using the CZM, first, crack propagation in a mode I single-edge notched beam (SE(B)) test is simulated such that the cohesive parameters of finite material strength and fracture energy are calibrated based upon the experimental results. Then, the mixed-mode SE(B) test is simulated using the calibrated cohesive parameters. The crack trajectory of the numerical simulation is found to compare favorably with experimental results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Sep 2023 10:23:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2149502</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of Surface Free Energy Characteristics of Performance Graded Asphalt Binders</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2149497</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Moisture-induced damage of asphalt mixtures can contribute to serious distress, reduced performance and increased maintenance of asphalt pavements. A recent study by the Texas Transportation Institute shows that surface free energies (SFE) of a HMA mix and its constituents (aggregate and binder) can be a valuable indicator of moisture damage in HMA because they relate to some of the mechanisms of moisture damage that are not addressed in the retained strength tests currently used by many transportation departments. To this end, the SFE of selected performance graded asphalt binders was evaluated from the measurement of dynamic contact angle between an asphalt binder and a liquid solvent. Dynamic Wilhelmy Plate Method (DWPM) was used for the dynamic contact angle measurements with some modifications including using cylindrical or tube samples instead of plate samples. Two different asphalt binders, namely PG 64-22 and PG 70-28, were used. Results show that PG 70-28 has higher energy of cohesion, which provides a higher cohesive strength than PG 64-22. Thus, PG 70-28 is expected to provide a better resistance to moisture-induced damage. Research is currently being pursued to evaluate the effect of anti-strip additives on the asphalt binders. The findings of this study suggest that the SFE concept can be used to develop new test methods for identifying moisture damage susceptible mixes during the design stage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Sep 2023 10:23:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2149497</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Preparation of an eco-friendly de-icing filler and its effects on the performance of different asphalt mastic</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2087282</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In order to solve the problems of environmental pollution and corrosion of road facilities by chloride ion de-icing agents, eco-friendly acetate de-icing filler for asphalt pavement was prepared in this paper using response surface methodology (RSM). The basic performance of eco-friendly de-icing filler was evaluated by de-icing test, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Four de-icing asphalt mastic were prepared by eco-friendly de-icing filler with matrix asphalt, SBS asphalt, high viscosity asphalt and asphalt rubber. The rheological and cohesive properties of the four de-icing mastic were analyzed using dynamic shear rheological (DSR) tests and binder bond strength (BBS) test. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fluorescence microscope (FM) were used to investigate the microscopic interaction mechanism and compatibility of eco-friendly de-icing filler with the four asphalt. The test results show that eco-friendly de-icing filler is similar to the mineral filler in particle morphology and gradation. The thermal stability, ice melting performance and environmental performance of eco-friendly de-icing filler can satisfy the practical application. The phase angle and rutting factor of de-icing asphalt mastic increased to different degrees, but the adhesion and self-healing properties were weakened. The cohesive strength of matrix asphalt, SBS asphalt, high viscosity asphalt, and asphalt rubber mastic decreased by 4.49%, 6.37%, 14.24% and 10.26% respectively, and the healing rate decreased by 4.17%, 5.32%, 2.78% and 8.41% respectively. New absorption peaks appeared in the FTIR image, indicating that eco-friendly de-icing filler accelerated the aging of asphalt mastic. The FM pictures showed that the high viscosity asphalt was more compatible with eco-friendly de-icing filler and that the asphalt rubber was the worst. The results of this paper show that de-icing asphalt mastic using high viscosity modified asphalt has the best comprehensive performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:31:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2087282</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of Asphalt Mortar Viscoelasticity on Microstructural Fracture Behavior of Asphalt Mixture Based on Cohesive Zone Model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1942792</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cracking in asphalt pavements has always been the leading cause of pavement damage. This study aims at investigating the effects of mesostructure characteristics of asphalt mixture on the fracture behavior of semicircular bending (SCB) samples. To fulfill this objective, a two-dimensional (2D) finite-element model (FEM) of an asphalt mixture considering viscoelastic properties was established by using digital image processing (DIP) technology and a cohesive zone model (CZM). The FEM method was validated based on experimental results. On this basis, the whole process of crack initiation and propagation, the damage distribution of cohesive elements, and the effects of mesostructure characteristics (such as voids, interface strength between aggregate and asphalt mortar, and initial crack length) on damage and fracture behavior of SCB samples were analyzed. It was observed that with increasing porosity, the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen decreased, and the cracks propagated towards the path with more air voids. The air voids far away from the crack propagation path had minimal effect on the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen but could induce new damaged cohesive elements. With the decrease of the interface strength of aggregate-asphalt mortar, the maximum bearing capacity of the samples decreased, and the proportion of the cohesive elements with more significant damage at the interface increased accordingly. The resulting bearing capacity, fracture energy, and creep dissipation energy of the specimens reduced gradually with increasing initial crack length.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jun 2022 17:16:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1942792</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of anti-stripping agents on the microscopic strength of mineral aggregate contact surface</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1892458</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigated the effects of types I and II anti-stripping agents on the microscopic strength of the mineral aggregate contact surface of mixture. Panjin70# bitumen and SBS-modified bitumen were used as binders and granite acid stone was used as the aggregate. Microscopic strength covers the total strength of the contact surface, adhesion strength between the aggregate and bitumen, and the cohesive strength of the bitumen binder. Microscopic strengths were tested after short-term aging (RTFOT) and long-term aging (RTFOT+PAV). Results show that the enhancement effect of type I anti-stripping agents on adhesion was weakened after aging treatment, but anti-stripping agents exert no remarkable influence on cohesive strength under such treatment. Short-term aging treatment has slightly influence on enhancement effect of type II anti-stripping agents on adhesion, but the enhancement effect on adhesion was not obvious after long-term aging treatment and cohesive strength of bitumen significantly decreased at low temperature, thereby markedly diminishing total strength. Anti-stripping agents may influence adhesive and cohesive strengths of bitumen, choosing the anti-stripping agents should seriously considering the compatibility between anti-stripping materials and bitumen.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Dec 2021 16:07:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1892458</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of Cohesion on Scour at Piers Founded in Clay–Sand–Gravel Mixtures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1872273</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An accurate prediction of scour depth around bridge piers is crucial for economical and safe design of bridge pier foundations. The main objective of the present study is to identify the influencing cohesive parameters and their effects on the local scour processes around bridge piers, depending on various proportions of clay–sand–gravel mixtures. Twenty experimental tests were performed in a channel 25 m long and 1.0 m wide for this purpose. Runs lasted from 16 to 40 h. It was noted from the experimental work that an increment of clay fraction significantly reduces the scour depth around bridge piers. It was also observed that the initiation of scour occurred at the sides of the pier where separation of flow occurred. Typically, the maximum scour depth at the equilibrium stage was still observed at the sides of the pier. A dimensional analysis was used to propose mathematical relationships assessing the temporal scour depth variation at the wake and sides of the pier. The developed relationships yielded reasonable results with maximum error of two folds for 95.22% of total data sets for scour depth at the wake and 92.57% of the total data sets for scour depth at the sides of the pier.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 2021 10:23:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1872273</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Micro-mechanical modelling of low temperature-induced micro-damage initiation in asphalt concrete based on cohesive zone model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1842459</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Asphalt pavement is subjected to cyclic temperature variations during its service life owing to changes in daily and seasonal climatic conditions. These variations tend to accumulate thermally induced distress leading to initiation and evolution of micro-cracks. The effect of cyclic thermal variations as well as thermal incompatibility of mastic and aggregates is of major significance for understanding the behavior of thermally induced damage in pavements. Thermal stress is developed due to differential contraction of mastic relative to aggregates in asphalt concrete at low temperatures. In this paper, low temperature micro-damage initiation in asphalt concrete due to differential thermal contraction is modelled using 2D micro-mechanical volume element. Cohesive zone model (CZM) is adopted to simulate low temperature damage initiation at the mastic-aggregate interface (adhesive failure) within the mixtures. A cycle of cooling and heating is applied in the micro-mechanical model in order to capture the effect of thermal damage initiation on the overall stiffness modulus of the mixtures. The results from the model reveal a reduction in stiffness modulus (as compared to the values at similar temperatures within a cycle) after the temperature of −40 °C is reached within the applied cyclic cooling and heating. The effects of aggregate gradation and binder grade are also monitored by considering four cases of mixtures formed from a combination of two different gradations and two different mastics. Results of the micro-mechanical modelling are also compared with experimental observations of comparable mixture types.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Apr 2021 16:17:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1842459</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cohesive and adhesive healing evaluation of asphalt binders by means of the LASH and BBSH tests</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1778070</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Generally, the cohesive healing within the asphalt composites and the adhesive healing from the asphalt-aggregate interface always occur simultaneously in the asphalt concrete with growing damage. This study aims to investigate the cohesive and adhesive healing behaviors of asphalt binder respectively by utilizing the newly developed linear amplitude sweep based healing (LASH) and binder bond strength based healing (BBSH) tests. Seven unmodified asphalt binders and one styrene–butadienestyrene (SBS) polymer modified binder are selected in this study. A fracture mechanics based crack growth approach is proposed to define the cohesive healing recovery in the LASH test with two percent healing parameters, in terms of the %Ha of the crack length recovery and the %HA of the sample intact area recovery. In pre-failure conditions, the measured %Ha can at least reach beyond 30% while the %HA is normally within 30% for tested binders. Meanwhile, the %Ha results show more consistent trends to the traditional simplified-viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) based LASH data interpretation. Furthermore, the cohesive failure occurrence is verified to significantly impact the healing performance comparison. The cohesive healing behaviors of neat and SBS binders respectively in pre-failure and post-failure conditions are distinguished to each other, which are validated either from S-VECD or crack growth approaches. Regarding to the binder adhesive healing behavior, it is observed that the presence of water and the using of granite substrate generally have positive effects on adhesive healing recovery in the BBSH tests. The SBS modification generally displays lower adhesive healing percentages than the neat binders especially in the wet conditions. Though no clear relationships can be found between the cohesive and adhesive healing behaviors in this study, it is recommended to quantify the binder contribution to the adhesive healing process in the future work.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Mar 2021 10:23:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1778070</guid>
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