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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Hydrodynamic interference and load evolution of staggered cylinder pairs under dam-break waves: An active learning-based Kriging modeling framework</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2737500</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Evaluating hydrodynamic loading on twin-pier coastal bridges under extreme tsunamis is vital, yet interference mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This study integrates high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dam-break simulations with an adaptive Kriging surrogate model using a weighted K-means active learning strategy. The framework enables systematic investigation of load evolution and hydrodynamic interference for staggered cylinders across a continuous layout space (L, θ) and typical wave stages. Results reveal that the impulse stage is dominated by staggered angle θ, yielding a load reduction of 58.15%, while θ ≈ 40° marks the boundary between load reduction and amplification during the quasi-steady stage. A non-intuitive risk zone is identified where interference reverses from shielding to blockage-induced acceleration. Downstream feedback causes a maximum upstream-load modulation of 31.45% through wake pressure alteration or localized run-up. Feature mining shows that peak impulse loads are governed by momentum transport intensity, with Spearman correlations of approximately −0.8 for mechanical energy flux Φ[subscript EM] and kinetic energy E[subscript K], whereas quasi-steady loads correlate mainly with potential energy EP and pressure integral p[subscript] int (−0.85 and −0.80), reflecting free-surface and pressure-field reconfiguration within the upstream-cylinder wake. This study links mechanical responses with hydrodynamic mechanisms, supporting resilient coastal infrastructure design under extreme conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 06 Aug 2026 09:08:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2737500</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A comparative modelling approach to environmental-economic trade-offs of low-carbon fuels in coastal shipping</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2698360</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article presents an interdisciplinary study examining the environmental and economic implications of introducing low-carbon fuels in coastal shipping. The main focus is on the comparison of alternative energy sources - from biofuels and methanol to ammonia and hydrogen - by the criteria of emissions, cost, technical readiness and logistical feasibility. A comprehensive assessment model is proposed that integrates life cycle parameters, marginal abatement cost (MAC) and strategic implementation scenarios until 2050. Particular attention is paid to a hybrid gradual transition scenario that combines early biofuels with a long-term transition to hydrogen and ammonia. The presented results serve as a practical tool for developing decarbonization roadmaps and decision-making in the transport and port sectors. The work has practical implications for public policy, shipowners and investors in the context of the energy transition and climate commitments. The results showed that switching from HFO to Bio-LNG or green methanol reduces CO₂ and SOx emissions, while increasing total operating costs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2026 09:23:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2698360</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Generalization capabilities and failure modes of parametric surrogate models for harbor wave fields</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2721522</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rapid tranquility assessment is essential for iterative harbor design; however, high-fidelity Boussinesq-type simulations remain computationally prohibitive. This short communication develops and validates a parametric DNN surrogate model to predict spatial wave fields based on continuous scalar structural inputs. Using both simplified and real bathymetry, the model was evaluated against three critical practical needs: (1) predictive accuracy for wave fields resulting from breakwater length alterations, (2) the generalization capability for unlearned parameters within (interpolation) and outside (extrapolation) the training ranges, and (3) comparative predictability of Hₛ versus ηₘₐₓ. The results revealed a clear contrast in performance. Regarding structural alterations, the model demonstrated exceptional robustness (R² > 0.98) for unlearned breakwater lengths, regardless of interpolation or extrapolation. This confirms that scalar-based parameterization enables high-precision, seamless layout optimization without iterative grid regeneration. Conversely, wave condition extrapolation exhibited significant degradation (R² < 0.5) outside the training range, underscoring the difficulty of extrapolating nonlinear wave physics compared to interpolation. Furthermore, regarding physical quantities, ηₘₐₓ proved more challenging than Hₛ due to phase sensitivity, though accuracy remained practical within the structural domain. These findings establish a vital engineering guideline: while data-driven models are powerful for structural optimization, avoiding extrapolation of wave climates is crucial.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 09:46:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2721522</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CMRNet: A multispectral detection framework driven by dynamic intelligence for coastal environments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2725739</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Visible (RGB) and thermal infrared (TIR) feature complementarity is vital for maritime monitoring, particularly in coastal environments with complex lighting and weather conditions. However, mainstream existing multispectral feature fusion methods rely on static topological strategies, which cannot adapt to rapid changes in modality reliability, causing cross-modal feature contamination and redundant computation over large backgrounds. To address these issues, this paper proposes a highly efficient and dynamically intelligent multispectral detection framework called CMRNet. Specifically, to tackle cross-modal feature contamination during fusion, we design modality complementary differential fusion, a new fusion paradigm inspired by common-mode rejection in differential amplifiers. By explicitly modeling modal differential potential energy, it builds dynamic reliability allocation and suppresses heterogeneous noise propagation. Considering the spatial redundancy of unstructured sea surfaces, we design a polymorphic convblock that routes computation according to scene complexity, allocating network capacity to complex regions. Furthermore, to prevent tiny objects from being overwhelmed by vast backgrounds, we design a spatial density prior to guide query selection toward potential targets. Experiments on SeaRGBT-Tiny, MSRS, FLIR, and LLVIP show that our method achieves excellent performance. On SeaRGBT-Tiny, it obtains 51.9% AP (+6.0%), requiring only 3.60M parameters and 3.01 ms latency. Code and datasets are available at https://github.com/Toclimbbb/CMRNet.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 09:46:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2725739</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A novel approach for efficient ship hydrodynamic simulations with realistic coastal bathymetries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2725492</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Accurate numerical prediction of ship motions and hydrodynamic loads is crucial for the design of energy-efficient and reliable vessels. However, the high computational cost of existing high-fidelity numerical models limits their practical use, particularly for simulations involving large domains, complex bathymetries, and long-duration realistic sea conditions. This paper presents a novel and highly efficient numerical model for ship hydrodynamic simulations in realistic sea conditions with a non-hydrostatic three-dimensional solver, initially developed for phase-resolved wave propagation for large nearshore and coastal areas. The model is enhanced with the implementation of a direct forcing immersed boundary method (DF-IBM) by adding a forcing term to the governing equations for six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) wave–structure interaction simulations. The model predicts the motion responses of floating bodies in waves with accuracy comparable to two-phase flow CFD methods while significantly reducing computational cost. The accuracy evaluation focuses on wave actions and responses, not viscous effects, which require much finer resolution near the structure and are out of the scope of the presented study. The model is tested and validated for wave–structure interaction and ship hydrodynamic cases. Additionally, it is applied to a full-scale ship model under short-crested multidirectional irregular waves in a realistic bathymetry around a Norwegian harbor.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 09:46:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2725492</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Geo-Congress 2026: Geoenvironmental Engineering, Sustainability, and Coastal Geotechnics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2717454</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Geotechnical Special Publication contains 53 peer-reviewed papers on geoenvironmental engineering, sustainability, and coastal geotechnics, from selected papers originally presented at Geo-Congress 2026, held in Salt Lake City, Utah. Topics include: geoenvironmental engineering; sustainability; geotechnical engineering in coastal environments; landfills; sustainable soil improvement; the use of recycled materials; and wave loading.  These papers offer insight into current trends in geoenvironmental engineering, sustainability, and coastal geotechnics for researchers, practitioners, and members of governmental organizations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 11:04:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2717454</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Environmental Considerations of Road Infrastructure Construction in a Coastal City</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694419</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cities near the coastline are the most important coastal tourism cities in Albania, which are experiencing a fourfold increase in population in the summer season, with an ever-increasing trend. Such a high tourist frequency in the summer season brings an extremely heavy traffic situation, especially at city entrances and exits. Environmental impact assessment represents the importance of implementing infrastructure projects, starting this analysis at the study and design stage of roads. The environmental impact assessment procedure focuses on describing the project, identifying the main negative impacts on the environment, and designing mitigation measures to minimize these negative impacts as much as possible, with the aim of maintaining the balance between them to achieve sustainable development of the area. Studies on environmental issues present the implementation of infrastructure development projects and the economic benefit from their implementation, always protecting the environment and taking into account the "Principle of Sustainable Development". This study shows the importance of developing road infrastructure projects well-focused on environmental protection. Road construction projects usually cause environmental pollution, impacts on habitats, changes in water flow patterns, and these projects must be developed taking into account environmental, social and economic impacts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 16:14:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694419</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Spatial Analysis of Microbiological Behavior in Sub-Tropical Coastal Wetlands</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703857</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the spatial interactions between microbiological indicators and environmental factors, including water flow characteristics, in the coastal wetlands of Chabahar Bay, Iran, to assess ecological risks and guide conservation strategies. The objectives are to quantify Total Coliforms (TCs) and Fecal Coliforms (FCs) at six sampling stations and identify key environmental drivers of microbial proliferation through qualitative analysis. Field sampling was conducted over three days in October 2018 at six stations along a river feeding Chabahar’s coastal wetland. Water samples were collected during low tide. In-situ measurements of temperature, pH, humidity, and electrical conductivity were recorded. Microbiological analyses quantified total and fecal coliforms using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was measured using standard laboratory procedures, and Total Organic Matter (TOM) was determined by the loss-on-ignition method. Duplicate samples ensured data reliability, and data normality was tested with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Descriptive statistics, graphical methods, and matrix analysis assessed relationships between TCs, FCs, temperature, pH, EC, TOC, and TOM. TC counts peaked at S2 (1500 MPN/100 ml), exceeding Iranian Class 2 water quality standards (1500 MPN/100 ml), with FCs detected only at S2 (900 MPN/100 ml) and S3 (23 MPN/100 ml). Temperature ranged from 30.6°C (S6) to 35.9°C (S1), showing an inverse relationship with coliform levels. EC ranged from 1900 to 24,610 µS/cm, displaying a strong inverse correlation with TCs and FCs due to salinity-induced osmotic stress. TOC and TOM peaked at S3–S4 (TOC: 2.8–3.2%; TOM: 5.1–6.0%), correlating inversely with TCs and FCs, suggesting microbial competition. pH (7.71–8.06) showed no significant correlation with coliform levels. Matrix analysis confirmed a high correlation between total and fecal coliforms (p < 0.05), with temperature and pH as independent factors. Sewage inputs at S2 drive significant microbial contamination, with coarse sediments and optimal temperatures facilitating coliform proliferation, while high EC and organic matter in mangrove zones (S3–S4) reduce coliform levels through osmotic stress and microbial competition. Mangroves at S4–S5 act as effective biofilters, mitigating contamination. These findings underscore the need for targeted sewage control and mangrove conservation to protect Chabahar Bay’s wetlands from ecological risks. Future research should examine seasonal variations and additional pollutants to improve management strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 13:50:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703857</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The price of proximity: analysing distance-based fare structures in liberalised Greek coastal shipping</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2685408</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article examines whether passenger fares in Greek coastal shipping remain distance-driven after market liberalisation. Using a harmonised 2025 cross-section of 52 non-PSO routes (i.e. routes not operated under Public Service Obligation—PSO—contracts), we measure the association between the lowest economy-class passenger fare and distance, compare 11 curve families, and derive a route-level fare benchmark. A no-intercept power function emerges as the empirically preferred specification. For high-speed services (S), distance explains 99.3% of fare variation; for conventional ships (CS), 99.6%. In both cases the estimated elasticity is below unity, so fares rise with distance but less than proportionally, implying a declining €/nm profile. Market concentration, measured via route-level Herfindahl–Hirschman indices (HHI) based on frequencies and capacities, places almost all lines in the “highly concentrated” range, with many effective monopolies. The average model-implied benchmark fare per nm is €0.72 for S and €0.33 for CS. The benchmark is a descriptive statistical construct that summarises the observed distance–fare pattern in a concentrated market. It is not a regulatory target and should be interpreted alongside information on costs, service quality and demand.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 10:20:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2685408</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Compromise Model as Support for Optimization in Maritime Passenger Traffic</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606217</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper contributes to the long-term sustainability of maritime passenger traffic by optimizing boat distribution. It is based on the assumption that environmental, economic, and social benefits can be achieved through a compromise approach in determining the optimal layout of boats in coastal passenger transportation. The aim of this research is to develop an improved model that optimizes the boat distribution, taking into account the energy consumption of the propulsion system, and strives for a balance between energy efficiency and maximum boat utilization. Discrete mathematics methods are applied to formulate an optimal connectivity model. The main contribution of this study lies in the extension of the existing model by including boat preferability as a factor, thereby achieving a compromise between two equally important objectives. The model was tested on a representative case study, demonstrating a reduction in propulsion energy consumption and improved boat comfort for passengers. The results confirm the need to improve the existing approach, leading to significant economic, environmental, and social benefits.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 16:35:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606217</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Excess pore water pressure effects on excavation stability of diaphragm walls in newly reclaimed offshore foundations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2634961</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Marine soft clay, a typical problematic soil in marine and coastal engineering, poses significant threats to construction and long-term safety due to its characteristics of low permeability, low strength, and high compressibility. Focusing on the construction features of trench excavation for diaphragm walls for cross-sea bridge anchorage systems, this study specifically addresses the critical role of excess pore water pressure induced during the settlement of newly constructed foundations. This pressure dissipates slowly in low-permeability soft clay, directly impacting stability by reducing the soil's effective stress. Accordingly, this paper develops a computational model for the local stability of trench walls using the stress cell method and establishes an analysis method for overall stability based on the upper-bound theorem of limit analysis. Both approaches fully incorporate the hydro-mechanical effects of excess pore water pressure. The research ultimately derives a computational expression for the safety factor of trench wall stability considering the influence of this pressure and proposes corresponding control standards. To validate the effectiveness of the method, the calculated trench wall safety factors were compared with numerical simulation results; the comparative analysis shows that the safety factors obtained by this method are in close agreement with the numerical simulation results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:01:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2634961</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploration and Synchronization of Greening of Shipping by Means of Retrofit: The SYNERGETICS Perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2579995</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The “greening” of shipping remains a challenge despite the development of technologies aiming at decarbonisation and reduction of air-pollutant emissions. Considering a wide variety of ship types and applications, the choice of the most adequate greening solution for a ship of certain size, type, and operational profile is not straightforward. SYNERGETICS (Synergies for green transformation of inland and coastal shipping) is a Horizon Europe Innovation Action which aims at supporting the greening of inland and coastal shipping by addressing the potentials of retrofit technologies. This paper presents first findings of SYNERGETICS which aim at establishing the synergies between the knowledge available from previous and ongoing research (“Exploration”) and the experiences gained from past and ongoing pilot projects (“Synchronization”). A comprehensive database of pilot projects containing 115 inland vessels and 50 coastal ships was created and analysed to establish and explain the trends in greening of inland and coastal shipping. It was found that most of the pilots in inland navigation are conducted on vessels with relatively low power demands and/or with low variations of operational profiles, while coastal shipping features a relatively low number of pilots. This increases the certainty for shipowners but limits the possibilities for scaling up the greening of shipping.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 16:23:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2579995</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An SPH–FEM coupled method incorporating turbulent jet effects and its application to shield tunnel mudcake erosion in offshore viscous strata</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2693665</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Addressing mud cake formation on shield cutter heads in coastal cohesive strata and jet simulation distortions from uniform velocity assumptions in traditional SPH-FEM methods, this paper proposes an SPH-FEM coupling method incorporating turbulent flow velocity distribution. Based on turbulent jet theory, this method assigns radially non-uniform initial velocities to SPH particle sets through secondary development using programming language, constructing a more realistic water jet velocity field. The model's validity was verified through laboratory mud cake scouring tests, achieving an overall similarity of 89% with experimental results. The method was applied to numerical simulation of the full-scale shield cutter head mud cake scouring process, systematically analyzing the influence patterns of scouring time, scouring distance, and mud cake density on scouring effectiveness. The results indicate that: the scouring process can be divided into three stages: efficient destruction, efficiency attenuation, and effect saturation; an optimal range exists for scouring distance (0.8∼1.2 m), within which the mud cake volume destruction ratio reaches 29.7%∼35.3%; mud cake density is positively correlated with its scouring resistance. This study provides validated numerical tools and theoretical foundations for understanding mud cake scouring mechanisms and optimizing scouring system design in Offshore Viscous Strata.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 14:31:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2693665</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Continued Use of Other Transaction Agreements for Civil Works Research and Prototypes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683043</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As part of the Department of Defense (DOD), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers operates, maintains, and manages the nation’s estimated $200 billion water resources infrastructure portfolio. This portfolio encompasses 12 million acres of land and water, including 400 miles of shoreline, 700 dams, and 13,000 miles of levees. The infrastructure is found throughout the U.S.—along the Mississippi River and Great Lakes, as well as on the East, West, and Gulf Coasts. The Water Resources Development Act of 2018, as amended (the 2022 act) (Pub. L. No. 117-263, § 8160(a), 136 Stat. 2395, 3741-44, (codified at 33 U.S.C. § 2313(c)) granted the Corps authority to use what are known as “other transaction” (OT) agreements to carry out prototype projects and follow-on production contracts or transactions to support the basic, applied, and advanced research activities of its civilian civil works missions and authorities. These efforts can aid the Corps’s management of its water resources infrastructure by, for example, helping to mitigate the risks posed by natural disasters and severe weather. The 2022 act also includes a provision for the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) to report annually on the Corps’s use of other transaction authority for its civil works missions (33 U.S.C. § 2313(c)(7)(E)). This is the third annual report and updates the status of the Corps's use of OT agreements since GAO's December 2024 report.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:12:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683043</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A multi-strategy percolation framework for road network robustness under projected sea-level rise</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2680047</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Climate change, particularly sea-level rise (SLR), poses a significant long-term threat to transportation networks, necessitating their robustness as an essential part of long-term resilience. This study utilizes different percolation strategies (random, proximity-guided, and targeted) to evaluate and compare road network robustness under various SLR scenarios. Applied to Qatar's road network, the analysis reveals strong baseline robustness as evidenced by the need to remove over 23% of edges to meet the established threshold of reducing the Giant Weakly Connected Component (GWCC) to 50%. Meanwhile, in targeted percolation, Node Strength (NS) outperformed betweenness-based strategies in identifying critical elements, reinforcing its utility for prioritizing protective interventions. Proximity-guided removal showed that Qatar's road network can maintain structural cohesion even under considerable SLR scenarios. The decline in robustness exceeds the direct impact of inundated roads, implying that SLR weakens the network beyond the apparently water-logged areas. The framework's flexibility supports diverse applications, from gradual SLR scenarios to comparative assessments across geographic scales, from individual cities to entire nations. Actionable outputs include ranked critical segments and scenario-based robustness benchmarks to guide targeted upgrades (e.g., protection/elevation, redundancy), maintenance prioritization, and coastal adaptation planning. This transferable methodology provides policymakers, engineers, and researchers with a practical tool for benchmarking infrastructure resilience strategies and climate-adaptive planning in coastal regions and beyond.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 09:05:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2680047</guid>
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