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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Sediment properties and aquatic vegetation affect resuspension from boats in shallow coastal bays</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2763717</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Resuspension of sediment and nutrients induced by boating may degrade shallow aquatic ecosystems but the effect differs greatly across habitats and biogeographic regions and the overall impact remains contested. Systematic studies across a range of environmental settings are a critical priority to identify particularly vulnerable ecosystems and support the development of adequate boating regulations that minimize the impact on the aquatic environment. We investigated sediment and nutrient resuspension induced by a standardised boat disturbance (acceleration by medium-sized day-cruiser boats) across habitats with different sediment characteristics and macrophyte vegetation volume (vegetation cover * height) in shallow coastal bays of the Baltic Sea. Sediment characteristics was the most important predictor for boat-driven resuspension, with the largest sediment resuspension recorded at stations with high sediment organic matter and mud content. At the peak of vegetation biomass in late summer and autumn, less sediment was resuspended in areas with greater vegetation volume, indicating that aquatic vegetation can reduce boat-induced resuspension to some degree. Despite the extensive disturbance generated by the experiment, resuspension of dissolved nutrients was limited and restricted to a small release of ammonium at sites with organic-rich sediment. Results suggest that the impact of small boats on aquatic ecosystems can be mitigated by restricting access to shallow areas that are protected from natural waves and currents and are characterised by disturbance-sensitive sediments, or by promoting cautious driving of motor crafts within these environments. To prevent negative effects on habitats by boat wake and resuspension, measures to reduce boating disturbance should be taken already at early signs of reduced vegetation density.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2026 08:37:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2763717</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CMRNet: A multispectral detection framework driven by dynamic intelligence for coastal environments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2725739</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Visible (RGB) and thermal infrared (TIR) feature complementarity is vital for maritime monitoring, particularly in coastal environments with complex lighting and weather conditions. However, mainstream existing multispectral feature fusion methods rely on static topological strategies, which cannot adapt to rapid changes in modality reliability, causing cross-modal feature contamination and redundant computation over large backgrounds. To address these issues, this paper proposes a highly efficient and dynamically intelligent multispectral detection framework called CMRNet. Specifically, to tackle cross-modal feature contamination during fusion, we design modality complementary differential fusion, a new fusion paradigm inspired by common-mode rejection in differential amplifiers. By explicitly modeling modal differential potential energy, it builds dynamic reliability allocation and suppresses heterogeneous noise propagation. Considering the spatial redundancy of unstructured sea surfaces, we design a polymorphic convblock that routes computation according to scene complexity, allocating network capacity to complex regions. Furthermore, to prevent tiny objects from being overwhelmed by vast backgrounds, we design a spatial density prior to guide query selection toward potential targets. Experiments on SeaRGBT-Tiny, MSRS, FLIR, and LLVIP show that our method achieves excellent performance. On SeaRGBT-Tiny, it obtains 51.9% AP (+6.0%), requiring only 3.60M parameters and 3.01 ms latency. Code and datasets are available at https://github.com/Toclimbbb/CMRNet.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 09:46:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2725739</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Environmental Considerations of Road Infrastructure Construction in a Coastal City</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694419</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cities near the coastline are the most important coastal tourism cities in Albania, which are experiencing a fourfold increase in population in the summer season, with an ever-increasing trend. Such a high tourist frequency in the summer season brings an extremely heavy traffic situation, especially at city entrances and exits. Environmental impact assessment represents the importance of implementing infrastructure projects, starting this analysis at the study and design stage of roads. The environmental impact assessment procedure focuses on describing the project, identifying the main negative impacts on the environment, and designing mitigation measures to minimize these negative impacts as much as possible, with the aim of maintaining the balance between them to achieve sustainable development of the area. Studies on environmental issues present the implementation of infrastructure development projects and the economic benefit from their implementation, always protecting the environment and taking into account the "Principle of Sustainable Development". This study shows the importance of developing road infrastructure projects well-focused on environmental protection. Road construction projects usually cause environmental pollution, impacts on habitats, changes in water flow patterns, and these projects must be developed taking into account environmental, social and economic impacts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 16:14:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694419</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Spatial Analysis of Microbiological Behavior in Sub-Tropical Coastal Wetlands</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703857</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the spatial interactions between microbiological indicators and environmental factors, including water flow characteristics, in the coastal wetlands of Chabahar Bay, Iran, to assess ecological risks and guide conservation strategies. The objectives are to quantify Total Coliforms (TCs) and Fecal Coliforms (FCs) at six sampling stations and identify key environmental drivers of microbial proliferation through qualitative analysis. Field sampling was conducted over three days in October 2018 at six stations along a river feeding Chabahar’s coastal wetland. Water samples were collected during low tide. In-situ measurements of temperature, pH, humidity, and electrical conductivity were recorded. Microbiological analyses quantified total and fecal coliforms using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was measured using standard laboratory procedures, and Total Organic Matter (TOM) was determined by the loss-on-ignition method. Duplicate samples ensured data reliability, and data normality was tested with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Descriptive statistics, graphical methods, and matrix analysis assessed relationships between TCs, FCs, temperature, pH, EC, TOC, and TOM. TC counts peaked at S2 (1500 MPN/100 ml), exceeding Iranian Class 2 water quality standards (1500 MPN/100 ml), with FCs detected only at S2 (900 MPN/100 ml) and S3 (23 MPN/100 ml). Temperature ranged from 30.6°C (S6) to 35.9°C (S1), showing an inverse relationship with coliform levels. EC ranged from 1900 to 24,610 µS/cm, displaying a strong inverse correlation with TCs and FCs due to salinity-induced osmotic stress. TOC and TOM peaked at S3–S4 (TOC: 2.8–3.2%; TOM: 5.1–6.0%), correlating inversely with TCs and FCs, suggesting microbial competition. pH (7.71–8.06) showed no significant correlation with coliform levels. Matrix analysis confirmed a high correlation between total and fecal coliforms (p < 0.05), with temperature and pH as independent factors. Sewage inputs at S2 drive significant microbial contamination, with coarse sediments and optimal temperatures facilitating coliform proliferation, while high EC and organic matter in mangrove zones (S3–S4) reduce coliform levels through osmotic stress and microbial competition. Mangroves at S4–S5 act as effective biofilters, mitigating contamination. These findings underscore the need for targeted sewage control and mangrove conservation to protect Chabahar Bay’s wetlands from ecological risks. Future research should examine seasonal variations and additional pollutants to improve management strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 13:50:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703857</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A multi-strategy percolation framework for road network robustness under projected sea-level rise</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2680047</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Climate change, particularly sea-level rise (SLR), poses a significant long-term threat to transportation networks, necessitating their robustness as an essential part of long-term resilience. This study utilizes different percolation strategies (random, proximity-guided, and targeted) to evaluate and compare road network robustness under various SLR scenarios. Applied to Qatar's road network, the analysis reveals strong baseline robustness as evidenced by the need to remove over 23% of edges to meet the established threshold of reducing the Giant Weakly Connected Component (GWCC) to 50%. Meanwhile, in targeted percolation, Node Strength (NS) outperformed betweenness-based strategies in identifying critical elements, reinforcing its utility for prioritizing protective interventions. Proximity-guided removal showed that Qatar's road network can maintain structural cohesion even under considerable SLR scenarios. The decline in robustness exceeds the direct impact of inundated roads, implying that SLR weakens the network beyond the apparently water-logged areas. The framework's flexibility supports diverse applications, from gradual SLR scenarios to comparative assessments across geographic scales, from individual cities to entire nations. Actionable outputs include ranked critical segments and scenario-based robustness benchmarks to guide targeted upgrades (e.g., protection/elevation, redundancy), maintenance prioritization, and coastal adaptation planning. This transferable methodology provides policymakers, engineers, and researchers with a practical tool for benchmarking infrastructure resilience strategies and climate-adaptive planning in coastal regions and beyond.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 09:05:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2680047</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Improving the Accuracy of the Oil Spill Model: A Case Study of the Hai Phong Sea Area</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676059</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Oil spill modeling is a crucial tool in marine environmental management, enabling early prediction and mitigation of pollution impacts on coastal ecosystems. This study presents a high-resolution oil spill simulation framework developed for the Hai Phong coastal region in northern Vietnam, where risks from maritime activities are significant. The proposed approach utilizes a Lagrangian particle tracking method to simulate the transport and dispersion of oil particles driven by wind, wave, and tidal forces. A hydrodynamic model underpins the simulation, with its input parameters systematically calibrated to improve accuracy. Model calibration was guided by widely accepted error assessment metrics, including Root Mean Square Error, Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency, and Percent Bias. These indicators were used to iteratively refine the simulation until a satisfactory match with empirical observations was achieved. Unlike traditional models that often rely on static inputs, this study incorporates dynamic environmental forcing and applies adaptive calibration strategies, allowing for reliable forecasts even when the spill source is uncertain or data availability is limited. The model demonstrates strong predictive capacity during the critical early hours following an oil spill, highlighting its potential for integration into rapid-response systems. Overall, the framework contributes to advancing oil spill preparedness and response strategies in data-scarce coastal regions, supporting both ecological protection and maritime risk management.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 11:44:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676059</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of hydroplaning potential in coastal regions using roadway characteristics and related datasets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663101</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hydroplaning is a critical pavement safety concern that occurs when a layer of water builds up between the vehicle's tires and the pavement surface, leading to a loss of traction and vehicle control. It is a significant contributor to wet-weather crashes and thereby poses a serious challenge to highway safety, especially for coastal regions where rainfall is more abundant and more frequent. Hydroplaning risk assessment fundamentally depends on the integration of multiple diverse datasets that reflect the interaction among crash occurrences, pavement conditions, and vehicle dynamics. These data items are typically recorded in different datasets maintained by various owners or agencies, each with their unique collection methods and standards. This research will develop data-driven likelihood models based on a verification check of the reliability of the important data variables, and a fusion of the available history data from diverse data sources to assess hydroplaning risks for coastal highways. The proposed research will also develop recommendations to be considered for roadway design and construction in association with wet-weather accident reduction procedures for transportation agencies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:13:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663101</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coastal pavement maintenance and rehabilitation decision making based on both surface and subsurface conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2662938</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Texas has approximately 3,359 miles of coastline spanning five geographically distinct districts. Pavements in these regions are exposed to highly variable subgrade soils, diverse traffic loading levels, and unique climatic challenges, including hurricanes, storm surges, and recurrent flooding. Effective decision-making for pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation (M&R) is therefore critical to ensuring resilient infrastructure, optimizing project selection, and allocating limited resources efficiently. Current M&R selection practices primarily rely on surface-level indicators—such as distress manifestations (cracking, rutting, etc.) and ride quality. While these measures are useful, they fail to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pavement’s structural health. To address this limitation, this study will propose an integrated framework that combines both surface and subsurface information for M&R decision-making. In particular, subsurface conditions derived from non-destructive testing will be emphasized as a means to bridge the existing knowledge gap, enabling a more holistic and data-driven approach to pavement management.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 15:57:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2662938</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Role of emerging transportation technologies and safety initiatives in mitigating crashes in coastal communities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2661744</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Coastal communities face heightened crash risks due to hazards such as hurricanes, flooding, and roadway degradation. Traditional safety countermeasures often fail to address these compounded risks, especially where evacuation routes are limited. This project will investigate how emerging transportation technologies (e.g., connected vehicle systems, advanced driver assistance systems, smart corridors) and safety initiatives (e.g., hazard-responsive traffic management, roadway design measures) can mitigate crash risks in coastal regions. Using literature review, geospatial screening of coastal corridors, and expert validation, the team will develop a prototype decision-support tool linking crash scenarios common in coastal environments with candidate technologies and initiatives. The outcome will provide agencies with a concise, practical framework to assess and prioritize safety solutions that improve infrastructure durability and resilience under coastal hazards.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 16:13:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2661744</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Some Preliminary Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Parameters of Marine Water in Durrës, Albania</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646179</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Currila coastline, situated in a densely populated region, undergoes a significant increase in anthropogenic activity during the tourist season, particularly from June to September. This area is characterized by a high concentration of hotels, apartments, restaurants, and both public and private beaches, which attract large numbers of visitors during the peak summer months. The preservation of water quality in this coastal zone is crucial, not only for safeguarding public health but also for protecting the integrity of marine ecosystems. This study investigates key physicochemical parameters such us temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity and salinity, as well as biological indicators of pollution, including Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. The results indicated that water temperature ranged from 12.53 °C to 24.63 °C; turbidity from 8.1 to 290 NTU; dissolved oxygen from 7.49 to 9.04 mg/L; pH from 7.78 to 8.9; EC from 36,33 to 48,08 mS/m, TDS from 25.43 to 33.66 g/L; and salinity from 23.6 to 38.7 psu. Moderate to high concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria were detected during the microbiological sampling period. These findings offer important baseline data for local authorities and environmental agencies, supporting the development of preventive strategies against anthropogenic pollution and the implementation of monitoring systems for the discharge of untreated wastewater into the marine environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 10:56:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646179</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Barriers and opportunities for dynamic adaptation of coastal railways</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636417</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Railways are vital for climate mitigation as a low-carbon mode of transport but must also be resilient to climate change impacts. This study explores dynamic adaptation strategies for coastal railway infrastructure in Sweden, focusing on Trelleborg. Stakeholder workshops informed adaptation pathways using a Dynamic Adaptive Pathways Planning Light (DAPP)-light approach, which enhances stakeholder engagement and supports long-term decision-making under uncertainty. A Windows of Opportunity framework was applied to assess governance conditions for implementation. Findings show that railway adaptation must be integrated with broader urban planning. Key barriers include fragmented responsibilities, rigid land use policies, limited funding, and reluctance to engage in long-term planning. Opportunities lie in reframing existing policies, fostering intersectoral collaboration, and adopting incremental planning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2025 09:52:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636417</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Port and road network development post coastal disaster: Hurricane Ian flooding of port of Kingston, Jamaica</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604624</link>
      <description><![CDATA[After the colossal impact of Hurricane Ian in 2022, this prompted the need to investigate the extent of the damage and, more importantly, the policies implemented to mitigate against it. That tropical storm, while passing over Jamaica, intensified into a hurricane as it hit North America in mid-September of 2022. As such, this research was conducted over the final quarter of the year 2022. As hurricanes and natural disasters morph, some regions face greater risks of flooding and a rise in sea level that occurs subsequent to it. The tropical region of the Caribbean faces these coastal disasters annually, in some cases biannually. In the Caribbean Sea, all the countries located centrally are islands. Their ports are essential as it is the only physical contact they have with each other and the rest of the world. Therefore, the damage they incur and the prevention methods must be of high importance to different regulatory bodies. This paper will analyse the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, including flooding induced by hurricanes/heavy rainfall and the rise in sea level. The way the occurrence is handled was tabulated based on a series of interviews from various governing bodies on the island. From this, the Hurricane Aftermath Evaluation Method was created, a method that holds five main variables: type of damage, extent of infrastructure damage, port downtime, impact on economy and strategies for recovery and mitigation. The study concludes that the Port of Kingston is highly susceptible to coastal disasters, and oftentimes, the infrastructure and regulatory bodies alike are grossly underprepared to combat them. Therefore, reconstruction of the drainage system must be done along with further study and improvement to the surrounding infrastructure currently in place.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2025 09:13:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604624</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dynamics, Drivers and Mitigation of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) and Shoreline Change: Data Needs Associated with the Mid-Currituck Bridge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604610</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recent research (S.A.V.E. Currituck, 2020) has shown that in Currituck Sound, the primary factor limiting submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) distribution is water clarity. SAV in the sound will likely be impacted by construction and shading post construction of the Mid-Currituck Bridge. In addition, studies have shown that shorelines near the Mid-Currituck Bridge terminus on the east and west side are experiencing significant erosion rates. Bridge design and ultimate construction may change local dynamics (i.e., wave field, water clarity) that can influence SAV distribution and shoreline position. This project has three primary objectives relevant to understanding water quality, SAV and shoreline mitigation strategies: (1) Quantify temporal and spatial changes in water quality, specifically CDOM abundance in surface waters of northern Currituck Sound; (2) evaluate shoreline change rates on multiple timescales, including influence of storms, near bridge landing; and (3) synthesize remote sensing and field data to provide information to limit impacts to water quality, SAV and shorelines during bridge construction and maintenance and to prioritize mitigation for maximum benefit. It is critical to have more information on the current local water quality, shoreline change and SAV dynamics to better predict and limit damage associated with bridge construction and to prioritize required mitigation activities for maximum benefit. This research will focus on expanding data collection near the bridge corridor and broadening understanding of water clarity/quality dynamics and its potential role in changing SAV distribution.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 2025 14:53:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604610</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A risk analysis approach to transportation infrastructure climate protection investment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2599199</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Protecting transportation infrastructure from the impacts of climate change is crucial to the welfare of the communities it supports. Decisions to invest needed capital and accept the opportunity costs of directing funds to protection in place of other community needs involves tradeoffs between taking early action to prevent a future disaster event, but missing the mark, and deferring a decision to uncover uncertainties and take better actions. This paper proposes a real options analysis approach for determining a best timing for action while explicitly considering the benefits and risks of action deferral. While focused on protective decisions for combating the impacts of sea level rise and meteorological events to roadway infrastructure, its proposed methodology can be directly extended to other hazard classes (e.g., fire) and infrastructure types. The proposed approach and risk tradeoff analyses are demonstrated on a case study in the Washington, D.C. region.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2025 15:31:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2599199</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coastal State Jurisdiction over Acts against Transiting Submarine Pipelines in the Exclusive Economic Zone and on the Continental Shelf—The Case of the Nord Stream Incidents</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2543113</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In September 2022, an alleged act of sabotage damaged the submarine pipelines, known as Nord Stream and Nord Stream 2, that were built to transit natural gas from the Russian Federation to Germany. The broken points of these pipelines have been located in the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) and on the continental shelves of Denmark and Sweden. While relevant states initiated domestic investigations to uncover the truth behind these incidents, international law scholars are still looking for applicable laws to characterise them. This article discusses the jurisdictional issues over the Nord Stream incidents under international law. In particular, it discusses coastal state jurisdiction over incidents such as foreign transiting pipelines in the EEZ and on the continental shelf under the law of the sea. It then examines three scenarios that could arguably characterise the Nord Stream incidents and discusses which states could establish and exercise jurisdiction over the alleged perpetrators.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:03:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2543113</guid>
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