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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>ENHANCING CONTAMINANT REMOVAL IN STORMWATER DETENTION BASINS BY COAGULATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/451849</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Washington State Department of Transportation designs, operates, and maintains stormwater detention basins for flood control.  Historically, detention basin design was based primarily on hydraulic characteristics such as storage capacity. Initiatives by the Washington State Department of Ecology have prioritized the consideration of stormwater quality as well as quantity for stormwater treatment.  Consequently, current operation and future design should consider water quality in addition to flood control.  A scale model of a typical basin was constructed to investigate contaminant removal capabilities of existing detention basins.  Particular attention was given to the enhanced removal of smaller sediment size fractions and heavy metal contaminants adsorbed to those fractions.  Using typical contaminants and concentrations, a simulated highway stormwater runoff was formulated and applied in scale model detention basin testing over a range of flow rates.  Four coagulants were evaluated for their ability to enhance removal of sediment and metals.  Each coagulant was initially evaluated in laboratory scale batch experiments with continued model tests on selected coagulants.  In the model detention basin, coagulant addition resulted in significant increases in metal removal over the range of stormwater flow rates studied.  The greatest improvement was observed at the higher flow rates.  Enhanced metals removal resulted from increased removal of small particles and their adsorbed metals.  Further improvement in contaminant removal was observed following the addition of an influent baffle.  This baffle resulted in an increase in hydraulic detention time by reducing short circuiting with an associated improvement in contaminant removal.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Nov 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>A STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COAGULANTS FOR TREATING WASTE WATER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397549</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Chemical waste water treatment facilities aboard ship involve the addition of chemical coagulants. Magnesium and calcium hydroxide and iron chloride are among the most commonly used coagulants, but there is a need for the production, application and evaluation of more economical reagents. The authors report on the potential of aluminum-containing coagulants as such an alternative.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>EVALUATION OF PROCESSES FOR SILT AND CLAY HANDLING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/32899</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Some processes are discussed for the handling of dredged materials, as will as how these processes might be applied in the handling of silts and clays remaining after sand and gravel processing.  Emphasis has been placed on the technical aspects and design rationale for applying these processes as part of overall solids and liquid management systems.  The paper which is particularly useful to designers of settling basins, provides detailed discussion of the various aspects of dredge removal of silt, the use of coagulants, and of alternative processes and equipment and the limitations and possible applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>BITUMEN EMULSION USED FOR SOIL INJECTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/128499</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATIONIC EMULSIONS AND THEIR USE WITH COAGULENT MATERIALS ON SEVERAL MAJOR PROJECTS FRANCE ARE DISCUSSED.  IN CONCLUSION, THIS ARTICLE POINTS OUT THAT THE ABILITY TO BREAK AN EMULSION CLOSE TO THE INJECTION TUBE MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO CONTROL SEEPAGE THROUGH STRUCTURES AND HAS ADVANTAGE OVER CEMENT GRONTS IN THAT THE LATTER TEND TO BE CARRIED LONG DISTANCES BY THE SEEPAGE WATER BEFORE SETTING.  OTHER PROJECTS USING THE EMULSION TECHNIQUES ARE NOW BEING CARRIED OUT IN FRANCE AND EXPERIMENTS ARE BEING CONDUCTED TO TRY TO FIND MATERIALS OTHER THAN PULVERIZED FUEL ASH THAT CAN BE USED BOTH AS COAGULATOR AND TO STABILIZE THE BITUMEN AFTER THE EMULSION HAS BROKEN.  IT APPEARS THAT WHERE SUITABLE MATERIALS FOR THIS PURPOSE ARE OBTAINABLE LOCALLY AT LOW PRICE, THE COST OF EMULSION GROUTING COMPARES VERY FAVORABLY WITH THE MORE CLASSICAL GROUTING MATERIALS OF CEMENT AND CLAY.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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