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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2404243</link>
      <description><![CDATA[By concurrent action the American Association of State Highway Officials, the Institute of Traffic Engineers and the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety in May 1942 appointed a Joint Committee of twenty-one members, seven representatives from each group, and charged the Committee with the responsibility of revising the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, originally issued in 1935 and last revised in 1939. At its first meeting the Committee, recognizing the abnormal conditions imposed by the war effort, as particularly evidenced by the shortage of critical materials and the expanding requirements of the blackout and dimout, unanimously agreed to direct its energies to the preparation of a manual of emergency standards adapted to existing and foreseeable wartime conditions. To insure that the standards proposed would in all cases be consistent with the policies of agencies charged with the prosecution of the war and the organization of civilian defense, and to take full advantage of the experience of these agencies, the Committee membership was expanded, for the purpose of the preparation of the emergency standards, to include Representatives of the War Department and the Office of Civilian Defense, and close liaison relations were established with the War Production Board.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jul 2024 16:50:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2404243</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Historical Snapshot: The Evolution of Marine Safety During World War II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2112909</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Historic calls for an organization fully and completely responsible for safety at sea came to the forefront during World War II, and the need for a more efficient, unified maritime regulatory agency that could modernize an antiquated marine safety program was recognized. Consisting of several formerly independent services—the Revenue Cutter, Lifesaving, and Lighthouse services—the Coast Guard was administratively placed under the Navy in November 1941. During the war, the Coast Guard protected merchant mariners, maintained light ships, marked minefields, placed torpedo nets, changed buoys, and conducted rescues. On land, the service patrolled beaches on horseback, keeping constant lookout for enemy forces and assisting merchant mariners in distress. The Coast Guard also oversaw construction, repairs, licensing, inspection, and training of the Merchant Marine. Many years later, the Coast Guard continues performing oversight to maintain the safety of the fleet and its crews.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Feb 2023 09:31:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2112909</guid>
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      <title>Warship wrecks and their munition cargos as a threat to the marine environment and humans: The V 1302 “JOHN MAHN” from World War II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2067551</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In addition to endangering sea traffic, cable routes, and wind farms, sunken warship wrecks with dangerous cargo, fuel, or munitions on board may emerge as point sources for environmental damage. Energetic compounds such as TNT (which could leak from these munitions) are known for their toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. These compounds may cause potential adverse effects on marine life via contamination of the marine ecosystem, and their entry into the marine and human food chain could directly affect human health. To ascertain the impending danger of an environmental catastrophe posed by sunken warships, the North Sea Wrecks (NSW) project (funded by the Interreg North Sea Region Program) was launched in 2018. Based on historical data (derived from military archives) including the calculated amount of munitions still on board, its known location and accessibility, the German World War II ship “Vorpostenboot 1302” (former civilian name - “JOHN MAHN”) was selected as a case study to investigate the leakage and distribution of toxic explosives in the marine environment. The wreck site and surrounding areas were mapped in great detail by scientific divers and a multibeam echosounder. Water and sediment samples were taken in a cross-shaped pattern around the wreck. To assess a possible entry into the marine food chain, caged mussels were exposed at the wreck, and wild fish (pouting), a sedentary species that stays locally at the wreck, were caught. All samples were analyzed for the presence of TNT and derivatives thereof by GC–MS/MS analysis. As a result, the authors could provide evidence that sunken warship wrecks emerge as a point source of contamination with nitroaromatic energetic compounds leaking from corroding munitions cargo still on board. Not only did they find these explosive substances in bottom water and sediment samples around the wreck, but also in the caged mussels as well as in wild fish living at the wreck. Fortunately so far, the concentrations found in mussel meat and fish filet were only in the one-digit ng per gram range thus indicating no current concern for the human seafood consumer. However, in the future the situation may worsen as the corrosion continues. From this study, it is proposed that wrecks should not only be ranked according to critical infrastructure and human activities at sea, but also to the threats they pose to the environment and the human seafood consumer.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Dec 2022 14:14:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2067551</guid>
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      <title>Railway workers in Second World War: Towards a reconciliation in historiography?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1599281</link>
      <description><![CDATA[New developments in research about the role of railway workers in the holocaust reopen the historical discussion and the public debates on the responsibility of agencies and individuals in the deportation of the Jews during Second World War. The role of French railway employees is central in the controversy. This paper, focusing on new publications regarding the case of France, aims to summarize the debate and offers two main questions, which still ask for more historical investigation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2019 14:37:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1599281</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design and analysis of wishbones in double wishbone suspension system: Technical Note</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1573674</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper details the design and analysis of the wishbones in double wishbone suspension system. Initially Pugh's matrix approach is used to score the conventional materials and light weight metal matrix composites for the wishbone design. Based on the scores, an Alumina matrix composite has been found as the preferred material. Then, the designed wishbones were analysed using ANSYS finite element analysis software using AISI 1040 and metal matrix composite materials. Based on the FEA results, it has been concluded that the metal matrix composite yielded a better durability and strength than conventional metal.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Dec 2018 14:01:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1573674</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Field Testing and Dynamic Analysis of Old Continuous Truss Steel Bridge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1510114</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Paper presents dynamic field test and analysis results of a three span railway steel continuous truss bridge over river Neris in Jonava. Bridge was originally constructed in 1914. In the period of the World War II and afterwards the bridge was many time destroyed by German and Soviet armies. In 1948 the new railway bridge was constructed. Object of the present paper is to evaluate dynamic behavior of the railway bridge after 67 years in service. Experimental dynamic analysis was divided into resonance-vibration, forced-vibration and free vibration studies. Resonance-vibrations of the bridge were excited by separate actions of shock loading and standard locomotive 2M62. Forced-vibrations were measured under the action of locomotive 2M62. Additionally, free vibration tests under passage of freight and passenger trains have been carried out. Structural dynamic response of the bridge was analyzed using Brüel & Kjær LAN XI dynamic test system and software. As a result, main dynamic parameters of the bridge were obtained. The main results include: mode shapes, frequencies of natural and forced vibrations, damping ratios, maximum amplitudes of accelerations, dynamic displacements. The obtained values were compared to the requirements of different design codes. Based on the achieved results concluding remarks and recommendations regarding the condition of the bridge after long-term period in service were presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Apr 2018 09:18:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1510114</guid>
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      <title>Reconsidering the Victory Bike in World War II: Federal Transportation Policy, History, and Bicycle Commuting in America</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1494892</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The largest federal intervention in bicycle transportation policy in the 20th century damaged the popularity and prospects of adult cycling in the United States. But in contemporaneous publications and in historical accounts, the World War II “Victory Bike” program has been described positively and fondly, even by bicycle advocates. Using the methodology of the discipline of history, this paper contrasts published literature on the Victory Bike against the unpublished, archival records of the federal government’s Revised Ration Order 7 of July, 1942. A first-ever close analysis of month-by-month rationing demonstrates the deeply restrictive nature of that program, which contradicts both early promises and later accounts. By the end of the war, civilian bicycle production and sales had halted completely, the industry had been decimated, and adult cycling was increasingly associated with wartime sacrifice and deprivation. Recovering this 20th century policy history is a necessary part of understanding American bicycle culture in the 21st, partially explaining the comparative lack of adult bicycle commuting today.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Feb 2018 16:36:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1494892</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CNJ honors fallen servicemen with diesel dedications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1436651</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Dec 2016 14:37:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1436651</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>American railroads and sponsored films : a wide-angle view, 1940-1955</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1436647</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Dec 2016 14:37:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1436647</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Off to war : Gordon Parks' photographs of Washington Union Station during World War II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1386930</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Jan 2016 15:12:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1386930</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Demise postponed : Iowa's electric interurban railways and World War II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1386927</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Jan 2016 15:12:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1386927</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The last train ride : return of the World War II dead</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1386845</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Jan 2016 15:09:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1386845</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A STUDY ON THE CONTINUITY BETWEEN URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE BY POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION URBAN PLANNING AND CENTRAL CITY REVITALIZATION PLAN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1366120</link>
      <description><![CDATA[ This study clarifies the continuity and the discontinuity between urban infrastructure by Post-war reconstruction urban planning (PWRUP) project and recent central city revitalization plan (CCRP) from 17 target cities. As the results of analyzing land readjustment, redevelopment project, and projects for roads, parks, and station plaza as urban infrastructure, the author clarifies the following: 1. CCRP in each city has been proceeded on the basis of infrastructure by PWRUP project without drastic change. For example, almost all land readjustment projects were implemented in blank area or niche of PWRUP's and about 70% of redevelopment projects were planned along arteries by PWRUP. The continuity between the both is strong from the viewpoint thinking urban function, amenity, and recreation important, but partly not from the point making grand urban landscape newly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2015 11:25:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1366120</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>From War to Peace: How the Merchant Marine Council transitioned from an emergency wartime board to a permanent advisory body</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1258381</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety and Security Council  (MSSC) was founded as the Merchant Marine Council (MMC) in 1942. Though its mission - to offer advice on the security and safety of the United States' seamen, ships, and environment to the Coast Guard Commandant - has not changed much since its founding, specific areas and issues of regulation are now in the forefront.  This article provides a peak into the history of the organization, and a look at the changes over time that have occurred.  Topic headings include: The Inspection and Navigation Regulations Board; World War II Brings Changes; The Merchant Marine Council; Transitioning to a Postwar Council; The Postwar Merchant Marine Council; Focus on Safety; The 1950s and 1960s Bring New Technology and Innovation; the 1970s and 1980s; and Homeland Security.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Sep 2013 16:14:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1258381</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Close encounters: Interracial contact and conflict on Detroit's public transit in World War II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1246630</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During World War II, most blacks and whites lived and worked in racially segregated spaces in the USA's urban north. Sites of interracial contact between these segregated realms were provided by public transit vehicles. It is shown in the case of Detroit that under crowded wartime conditions existing racial tensions were exacerbated by contact between blacks and whites on public transit. Many white Detroiters acted upon their fears of losing spatial control of public transit vehicles, as black passengers and vehicle operators became a more visible presence during the war. This paper explores white riders' attempts to thwart blacks' claims to equal access on public transportation, using police reports of daily incidents, newspapers, letters and rumours.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2013 13:15:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1246630</guid>
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