https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27432/critical-issues-in-transportation-for-2024-and-beyond

A TANKER OWNER'S PERCEPTION OF NEWBUILDING COSTS AND PRICES IN JAPANESE, NORTH EUROPEAN AND UNITED STATES SHIPYARDS 1971 TO 1981

Supplemental Notes: Soc. N.A.M.E. Paper No. C-1 presented at Combined Symposium on Ship Costs and Energy, New York, 30 Sept.-1 Oct. 1982 (20 pp., 3 ref., 15 tab,,7 graphs)
Authors: Jenks, A Larner, J E
Publication Date: 1982

This paper presents an overview and comparison of vessel newbuilding construction costs and market prices for Japanese, North European and US shipyards over the ten years, 1971 to 1981. Estimated construction costs for 90,000 dwt crude carriers constructed in each of the areas are presented to illustrate the impact of changing design requirements.